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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
    <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
    <atom:link href="https://trid.trb.org/Record/RSS?s=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" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml" />
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    <language>en-us</language>
    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
    <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
    <image>
      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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      <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
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    <item>
      <title>Local Calibration of AASHTOWare Pavement ME Design Coefficients for VDOT’s Upgrade to Web-Based Software for New Pavement Design</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2773018</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The Virginia Department of Transportation (VDOT) maintains more than 130,000 lane-miles of roadway, making reliable and cost-effective pavement design essential to the long-term performance of the transportation network. Since adopting AASHTOWare Pavement ME Design version 2.2.6 in 2018, VDOT has relied on mechanistic-empirical (ME) pavement design to provide accurate distress predictions and optimized pavement structure designs for all new construction, reconstruction, and pavement widening projects. However, substantial advancements in the Pavement ME Design software—including updates to global calibration coefficients, revisions to distress models, enhancements to environmental data, and the transition from a desktop to a web-based platform—necessitate updated local calibration efforts to ensure continued design reliability under Virginia-specific conditions. This study developed revised local calibration coefficients for distress prediction models under flexible (asphalt pavements with an unbound base or subbase), semi-rigid (asphalt pavements with a cement-treated base material), and continuously reinforced concrete pavement within the AASHTOWare Pavement ME web-based platform (version 3). Jointed plain concrete pavements were not considered in the research because of insufficient sites to use in local calibration. Using predicted versus measured pavement performance data extracted from VDOT’s Pavement Management System, the research optimized calibration factors to align software predictions with observed field performance. These updated coefficients provide a reliable foundation for VDOT’s transition from the desktop platform to the web-based application, supporting more accurate pavement designs and improved long-term performance. The study recommends implementing the new calibration coefficients and associated design values directly within the web-based Pavement ME system. Because the updated platform includes a redesigned user interface and newly calibrated models, targeted training for VDOT users is strongly encouraged to ensure proper interpretation and application of design outputs. Periodic recalibration using current Pavement Management System performance data is also advised to maintain the long-term accuracy of the ME design models. Overall, this work enables VDOT to move confidently to the new web-based Pavement ME platform while ensuring that pavement designs continue to reflect Virginia’s unique traffic, climate, and material conditions.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sat, 05 Sep 2026 11:31:17 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2773018</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Pavement performance prediction via a tabular foundation model</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2705452</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This study investigates the applicability of tabular foundation models to pavement performance prediction under small, imbalanced, and partially missing infrastructure datasets. Using Japan’s National Road Facility Inspection Database, we analyze 189 pavement segments along a 24.48 km section of National Route 6. The task is to forecast a three-level categorical performance condition state (Sound/Monitor/Repair) at the second inspection conducted five years after the first inspection, using inventory attributes and first-inspection records only. We apply TabPFN (Tabular Prior-Data Fitted Network) in a zero-shot manner (no dataset-specific training or hyperparameter tuning) under an order-based fold design that reflects an operational scenario where only a subset of segments is inspected and the remainder is inferred. With two folds, TabPFN achieves high predictive performance (Accuracy=0.926; Macro-F1=0.876) while maintaining strong detection of the minority class (Repair). In contrast, five supervised baselines, logistic regression, random forests, histogram-based gradient boosting, XGBoost, and CatBoost, show weaker minority-class detection, with Accuracy ranging from 0.878 to 0.905 and Macro-F1 from 0.606 to 0.841. We also assess the reliability of TabPFN’s predictive probabilities and observe that misclassifications concentrate in low-confidence ranges, highlighting their utility as uncertainty-aware outputs. In addition, based on the high predictive performance results of TabPFN, we discuss the practical potential for a 25% inspection workload reduction under a partial-inspection deployment scenario. Finally, a missing-data experiment reveals a notable degradation trend in predictive performance as the missing rate increases. These findings highlight both the practical potential and key deployment considerations of tabular foundation models for pavement asset management.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 03 Sep 2026 09:37:47 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2705452</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Development of a Laboratory Testing Framework to Estimate Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement Binder Performance Grade without Solvent Extraction and Recovery</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2772592</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This study introduces a laboratory testing framework for estimating the performance grade (PG) of asphalt binders in reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) without using solvent extraction and recovery. The study was conducted in two phases: Phase I aimed to identify suitable performance tests for assessing RAP binder stiffness using laboratory-prepared artificial RAP, and Phase II focused on validating these selected tests for estimating binder PG of field RAP. In Phase I, the indirect tensile asphalt cracking test (IDEAL-CT), high-temperature indirect tensile test (HT-IDT), and Dongre workability test were conducted on artificial RAP samples prepared with different asphalt binders and laboratory aging conditions. Among these, the IDEAL-CT and HT-IDT exhibited a strong exponential correlation with the extracted RAP binder PG and were subsequently evaluated in Phase II for their feasibility and accuracy in estimating binder PG for three distinct field RAP sources using the proposed testing framework. The framework required the preparation of three re-mixed RAP samples for each source, prepared by mixing the post-ignition aggregates with three asphalt binders of known PG at the same asphalt content as the field sample. All the re-mixed and field samples underwent IDEAL-CT and HT-IDT testing, with results analyzed to determine the estimated PG of the field RAP binder. Using indirect tensile test (IDT) strength from HT-IDT and peak load (Pₘₐₓ) from IDEAL-CT, the framework produced reliable PG estimations for two out of three field RAP sources, highlighting its promise as a non-hazardous alternative to solvent extraction and recovery for RAP binder quality characterization.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 03 Sep 2026 09:08:04 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2772592</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Pavement Friction and Crash Injury Severity: Evidence from Continuous Friction Measurement Data in Florida</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2772590</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Pavement friction is vital for road safety, supporting effective steering, braking, and acceleration. Adequate friction levels help reduce the risk of skidding, yet few studies have explored their link to crash injury severity. This study utilizes high-resolution continuous pavement friction measurement (CPFM) data to examine how friction and other surface features influence crash injury outcomes. In 2023, CPFM data were collected over 2,000 lane miles in the Tampa Bay, Florida area. Friction (Sideway-force Coefficient Routine Investigation Machine [SCRIM] coefficient), macrotexture (mean profile depth [MPD]), and roughness (International Roughness Index [IRI]) were spatially matched to a 0.2-mi buffer around crash sites. A mixed logit model with heterogeneity in means and variances assessed the effects of pavement, roadway, traffic, and vehicle factors on crash injury severity. Findings reveal that the maximum three-point moving average of friction is the most suitable indicator for modelling injury severity. Higher pavement friction significantly reduces the likelihood of serious or fatal injuries. MPD values of 0.8–1.2 mm on dense-graded surfaces are associated with fewer slight injuries, while MPD values above 2 mm on open-graded surfaces increase the likelihood of severe injuries. Additional contributors include roughness, cracking, rutting, raveling, and pavement condition, though some exhibit non-unidirectional effects depending on context.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 03 Sep 2026 09:08:04 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2772590</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Standardizing Specimen Preparation for Indirect Tensile Cracking Test and Indirect Tensile at High Temperature Through Ruggedness and Fine-Tuning Studies</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2772598</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The Virginia Department of Transportation (VDOT) utilizes the indirect tensile cracking test (IDT-CT) and the indirect tensile at high temperature (IDT-HT) test as part of its balanced mix design (BMD) framework to evaluate asphalt mixture properties and support material acceptance decisions. While these index tests are critical tools for assessing asphalt mixture characteristics, considerable variability has been observed in test results, raising concerns about the effects of specimen preparation procedures on the repeatability and reliability of the outcomes. This study was undertaken to systematically evaluate the influence of key specimen preparation factors on IDT-CT and IDT-HT test results and to establish clear, data-driven guidelines to standardize preparation practices. The experimental program included a ruggedness phase and a fine-tuning phase, each designed to identify and quantify the effects of critical specimen preparation variables. Factors evaluated included mixture homogenization, sample splitting methods, sample and specimen heating duration, re-heating container type, specimen reheating, and heating processes. Laboratory testing was conducted on a range of asphalt mixtures using controlled procedures, and statistical analyses were performed to determine the significance of preparation factors on the test indices. The results highlighted that inconsistent preparation practices can introduce practical and sometimes statistically significant variability, potentially leading to improper material acceptance or rejection, particularly when comparing against specification thresholds such as the CT index. Based on the results of this study, refined specimen preparation practices were recommended to VDOT to help improve repeatability of laboratory BMD testing.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 03 Sep 2026 09:08:04 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2772598</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>A Reactive Wanol-based polyurethane for asphalt modification: Mechanism, performance, and synergy with SBS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2734582</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Reactive polyurethane (PU)-based modifiers have attracted increasing attention in asphalt modification because they can form chemically bonded networks within the binder, improving mechanical performance and reducing phase separation compared with conventional polymers. However, existing PU-modified systems still face challenges related to reaction control, storage stability, and the limited understanding of how synthesis parameters affect binder-scale performance. Meanwhile, SBS, although widely used, interacts mainly through physical blending, which may limit its effectiveness under severe thermal, loading conditions. Therefore, hybrid systems combining chemical and physical modification mechanisms are needed. In this study, a reactive PU modifier was synthesized using Wanol R2305 polyol and methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI), and its performance was evaluated both individually and in combination with SBS. The novelty of the study is the systematic linkage between the NCO/OH ratio, polyurethane network formation, and asphalt binder performance, together with the development of a PU–SBS hybrid modification strategy. FTIR analysis confirmed urethane linkage formation and the development of a crosslinked polymer structure. Modified binders were evaluated through conventional tests, rotational viscosity, DSR, MSCR, BBR, and storage stability analysis. The results showed that PU modification improved stiffness, elasticity, temperature stability, rutting resistance. More importantly, the PU–SBS hybrid system exhibited a pronounced synergistic effect, providing superior elastic recovery, viscoelastic behavior, and high-temperature deformation resistance compared with single-modified binders. The hybrid binder also maintained acceptable workability limits. The hybrid binder containing 2% SBS and 6% PU exhibited the best overall performance, showing G*/sinδ values up to 4.1 times higher than the 4SBS binder and reducing the storage stability difference from 18.2 °C to 4.6 °C. Moreover, the hybrid system maintained acceptable workability despite the significant increase in stiffness and elastic response. Overall, the proposed PU system offers a controlled, mechanism-based modification approach, while its combination with SBS provides an effective pathway for producing high-performance asphalt binders.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 02 Sep 2026 16:33:56 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2734582</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Novel Combined Degradation Index for Long-Term Performance Comparison of Epoxy and Asphalt-Based High-Friction Surface Treatments</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2772195</link>
      <description><![CDATA[High-friction surface treatments (HFST) are crucial safety measures that improve skid resistance and reduce accidents on high-risk roadway sections. While traditional epoxy-based HFSTs are commonly utilized, they have limitations, such as compatibility with existing pavements, expensive construction and removal costs, and durability issues owing to substrate pavement conditions. This study presents a comprehensive experiment-based investigation into the long-term degradation behavior of innovative asphalt-based flexible HFST alternatives versus traditional epoxy systems. Under controlled polishing conditions, laboratory testing was carried out to compare the performance of both systems. The experiment program included systematic polishing investigations up to 140 K cycles on bauxite and rhyolite aggregates of two different gradations. The performance was evaluated using coefficient of friction (COF), mean profile depth (MPD), and a new combined degradation index (CDI = COF × MPD), which integrates both micro- and macro-texture degradation. CDI validity was supported through consistency with multi-speed friction measurements and unsupervised k-means clustering (silhouette score = 0.549), which identified statistically distinct CDI ranges representing low, moderate, and high degradation states based solely on laboratory measurements. To characterize degradation progression, multiple models were evaluated, with Weibull-based functions providing the best fit (average 𝑅² = 0.95) relative to exponential (0.90) and power decay (0.76) models. Extrapolation to 300 K cycles indicates that epoxy systems maintain CDI values within the low-degradation range throughout the extended test duration, while asphalt-based systems typically transition into the moderate- or high-degradation ranges between 150 K and 200 K cycles. Among the asphalt systems, PG88-16 highly polymer modified (HPM) with coarse calcined bauxite retained CDI above the moderate-degradation threshold through approximately 245 K cycles (≈82% of epoxy’s >300 K performance window), though with lower absolute CDI values. Asphalt-based HFSTs show promising adaptability to varied pavement conditions and offer practical advantages in constructability, substrate compatibility, and cost. Although epoxy systems show higher absolute durability in laboratory testing, certain asphalt-based configurations deliver performance levels that may be adequate in applications where both systems exceed typical HFST design demands. The validated CDI framework establishes a robust, laboratory-based methodology for evaluating HFST material degradation; however, further work is needed to calibrate CDI ranges for field conditions and broader pavement applications.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 02 Sep 2026 09:22:25 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2772195</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Modification of Hamburg Wheel-Tracking Test for Slow-Moving Heavy Traffic</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2772193</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The Hamburg wheel-tracking test (HWTT) is widely used to evaluate rutting resistance and moisture susceptibility of asphalt mixtures. While effective for standard traffic conditions, the test has shown limitations in predicting rutting potential under slow-moving heavy traffic at intersections or border checkpoints, leading to premature rutting problems and increased maintenance costs. This study proposed a modified HWTT at 70 °C to better address slow-moving heavy traffic conditions typically at intersections, based on pavement rutting development simulations, the time–temperature superposition principle, and laboratory and field evaluations. Laboratory evaluations using twenty asphalt mixtures with various aggregate types, binder grades, and binder sources demonstrated that the modified HWTT provides more discriminating assessments of rutting potential of asphalt mixtures. Preliminary field validation with cores from severely rutted intersections indicated that the modified HWTT at 70 °C can effectively identify rut-prone mixtures, whereas the standard HWTT at 50 °C does not. The modified HWTT offers a potential practical tool for designing rut-resistant asphalt mixtures tailored for intersections and other locations with slow-moving heavy traffic. While this study establishes an initial framework for addressing the rutting problem under slow-moving heavy traffic conditions, additional field validation across a wider range of materials, binder types, and climatic conditions is needed.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 02 Sep 2026 09:22:25 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2772193</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>The relationship between micro-fragmentation mechanisms and macro-mechanical responses in granite residual soil</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2704404</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Granitic residual soil (GRS) exhibits engineering properties that differ markedly from those of conventional clays, primarily due to its distinctive microstructure and mineralogical composition. In this unique fabric, particle breakage plays a critical role in governing the mechanical behavior. However, existing studies on particle breakage have largely concentrated on sandy soils, while investigations involving clayey soils, particularly residual soils, remain relatively scarce. This study systematically investigates the mineralogical composition and microstructural characteristics of GRS using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In addition, a series of consolidated-drained (CD) triaxial shear tests were conducted to examine particle breakage under varying dry densities and confining pressures. The results demonstrate that increasing confining pressure and dry density intensify stress concentration within the soil matrix, thereby promoting more pronounced particle breakage. A particle breakage index was introduced to quantitatively evaluate the degree of soil fragmentation. Furthermore, based on a modified version of Rowe’s dilatancy theory, an additional parameter was incorporated to calculate the comprehensive volumetric deformation friction angle and the breakage-induced incremental friction angle. The results indicate that contractive behavior dominates the initial stage of shearing. As deformation progresses, particle breakage gradually becomes the core mechanism governing the soil’s mechanical response, with breakage mainly occurring within the particle size range of 1–2 mm. Due to microstructural alterations during shearing, the friction angle increment induced by particle breakage increases with rising confining pressure, albeit at a gradually decreasing rate. Overall, this study provides a comprehensive and multi-perspective analysis of particle breakage in GRS and its influence on mechanical behavior, offering valuable insights for the analysis and design of geotechnical structures involving residual soils.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 02 Sep 2026 09:21:34 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2704404</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Enhancing the volume stability of steel slag in pavement base applications using nano–silica treatment: Experimental investigation and mechanistic insights</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2703571</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Steel slag (SS) has emerged as a sustainable alternative to natural aggregates (NA) in road engineering. However, its widespread application is hindered by volumetric expansion resulting from the delayed hydration of free oxides. To address this challenge, this study proposes a novel approach for treating SS with a nano–silica (NS) suspension. The effects of NS treatment on the volume stability and particle characteristics of SS were evaluated using expansion tests and Aggregate Image Measurement System (AIMS) analysis. The mechanical performance, volume stability, durability, and environmental safety of cement–stabilized NS–treated SS (CSNS), including unconfined compressive strength (UCS), water stability, freeze–thaw resistance, drying shrinkage, thermal shrinkage, and heavy metal leaching tests, were investigated. XRD, FTIR, SEM–EDS, and nanoindentation analyses were used to elucidate the surface reaction and interfacial micromechanical characteristics after NS treatment. The results indicated that NS treatment substantially enhanced the volume stability of SS, achieving a 62.2% reduction in the expansion rate at an optimum concentration of 1% compared with untreated SS. CSNS exhibited higher UCS, water stability, and freeze–thaw resistance than cement–stabilized SS (CSS), while still maintaining relatively low drying shrinkage and thermal shrinkage coefficients. NS promoted the consumption of surface f–CaO on SS and the formation of a silica–rich C–S–H layer. In CSNS, the residual NS particles on the SS surface were further activated to provide –Si–O⁻ sites, which facilitated the continuous deposition of hydration products in the interfacial transition zone (ITZ) through filling, nucleation, and pozzolanic effects, thereby forming a high–modulus cementitious layer on the SS surface and narrowing the ITZ. NS treatment also reduced heavy metal leaching, indicating favorable environmental safety. These findings provide an effective approach for SS stabilization and facilitate its practical application in pavement bases.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 02 Sep 2026 09:21:34 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2703571</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Durability performance of recycled aggregate porous concrete for pavement base applications under acid and sulphate exposure</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2703569</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The long-term durability of Recycled Concrete Aggregate (RCA)-based Porous Concrete (PC) remains a key limitation for its use in sustainable pavements, particularly under acid and sulphate exposure, and is insufficiently addressed in the existing literature. To address this gap, this study aims to optimise RCA-based PC through a systematic multi-parameter mix design considering RCA–Virgin Aggregate (VA) blending, fibre reinforcement (PET and steel), silica fume, and fine aggregate inclusion. Twenty-eight mixes were evaluated for density, void content, compressive strength, permeability, and durability under exposure to sulphuric acid (3% and 5% H2SO4) and magnesium sulphate (3% and 5% MgSO4). Results show that PC produced solely with RCA exhibits higher porosity, lower strength, and greater mass loss, due to a weak aggregate packing and a highly connected pore structure. The novelty of this study lies in the combined use of RCA–VA blending and supplementary fine materials to refine pore connectivity and enhance matrix densification. The optimised mix (M28) achieved a density of 1790 kg/m³ , a void content of 17%, a compressive strength of 7.45 MPa, a permeability of 0.574 cm/s, and a mass loss of less than 5%, demonstrating its suitability for pavement base and sub-base applications.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 02 Sep 2026 09:21:34 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2703569</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Molecular weight conversion of SARA fractions in asphalt binders during thermal-oxidative aging: An optimal transport-based analysis</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2703550</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Thermal oxidation of asphalt is commonly described as a transition from less polar to more polar fractions; however, most existing evidence is based on discrete aging states and lacks quantitative characterization of redistribution during continuous aging. In this study, two neat binders were subjected to thin-film thermal aging at 163 °C for up to 20 h. SARA fractionation, FTIR, and GPC analyses were conducted at multiple time intervals to track compositional evolution, oxidation progression, and molecular-weight distribution changes. Within a normalized mass framework for the recovered binder at each aging stage, an optimal transport (OT) approach was applied to reconstruct redistribution patterns between adjacent states, enabling simultaneous characterization of inter-fraction exchange and intra-fraction molecular-weight redistribution. The results reveal consistent stage-dependent behavior across both binders. In the early stage, aromatics exhibited net transfer toward more polar fractions, with a representative transfer of 1.45% in A1. During the intermediate stage, redistribution intensified, with the net transfer from resins to asphaltenes reaching 1.56% in A1. In the late stage, this pathway remained active, while the high-molecular-weight share of asphaltenes increased from 32% to 56% in A1 (44% to 58% in A2). These observations indicate that asphalt evolution during thermal oxidation involves coordinated redistribution across fractions and molecular-weight ranges. The OT-based analysis provides a mass-consistent reconstruction of redistribution patterns that are compatible with the observed compositional and spectroscopic evolution, offering a quantitative description of redistribution behavior beyond conventional qualitative interpretations.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 02 Sep 2026 09:21:34 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2703550</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Pre-swelling-induced surface property changes in waste crumb rubber for impact-absorbing pavement applications: A novel sustainable sidewalk solution</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2703547</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Limited compatibility between waste crumb rubber (WCR) and bitumen, along with swelling-induced instability, restricts dry-process WCR recycling in asphalt pavements. This study investigated whether epoxidized soybean oil (ESO) pre-swelling can improve the surface state and volumetric stability of WCR while retaining partial elasticity as flexible aggregates in cold-mixed impact-absorbing pavement with reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP). First, ESO diffusion and WCR expansion were evaluated under different temperatures and durations, followed by physicochemical, thermal, and rheological characterization. Subsequently, cold mixtures containing pre-swollen WCR, RAP, emulsified bitumen, and filler were prepared, and their volumetric stability, cross-sectional structure, indirect tensile strength (ITS), and indirect tensile stiffness modulus (ITSM) were assessed. Results show that WCR swelling exhibits logarithmic growth over time, with temperature exerting a stronger influence than size. Fine and coarse WCR reach equilibrium expansions of 4–24% and 1–14%, respectively, from 30 to 150 °C, consistent with ESO diffusion coefficients that are 4–7 times higher in fine WCR and over three orders of magnitude higher at 150 °C than at 30 °C. Pre-swelling was associated with lower contact angle, enriched oxygen-containing groups, and a softer viscoelastic response of WCR, suggesting improved surface affinity and reduced thermal sensitivity. Treatment at 150 °C for 2 h gave the best overall performance, increasing volumetric stability, ITS, and ITSM by 36%, 23%, and 62%, respectively. These findings support the waste-to-value use of WCR and RAP in safer urban slow-mobility pavements. However, ESO’s rejuvenation on RAP reduces mixture strength and requires control.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 02 Sep 2026 09:21:34 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2703547</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Asphalt mixtures dynamic modulus monitoring by electromechanical impedance technique based on piezoelectric sensor</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2703545</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Asphalt mixtures are susceptible to thermo-oxidative aging during long-term service, significantly affecting pavement performance and driving safety. Accurate diagnosis and evaluation of thermo-oxidative aging in asphalt mixtures have received substantial attention. There is a critical need for a reliable approach to track the mechanical evolution of asphalt mixtures, which is essential for overcoming the limitations of traditional destructive and discontinuous testing methods. This study proposed the electromechanical impedance (EMI) technique to monitor asphalt mixtures dynamic modulus at various aging stages. The piezoelectric sensor was adhered on AC-13 sample to enable non-destructive and real-time measurements. The dynamic modulus was measured at 20 °C and 10 Hz, and conductance signatures of piezoelectric sensor were recorded over 20–500 kHz. It was confirmed that a notable rightward frequency shift in conductance signatures occurs with increasing dynamic modulus during progressive asphalt mixture aging. The changes in conductance signatures were interpreted through three statistical indicators, namely root mean square deviation (RMSD), mean absolute percentage deviation (MAPD), and correlation coefficient deviation (CCD). All three indicators increased monotonically with aging time and showed strong linear correlations with dynamic modulus. Based on these correlations, a reliable prediction model for dynamic modulus was established, with a prediction error within 4%. These findings demonstrate that the EMI technique can effectively measure the dynamic modulus of asphalt mixtures. This approach enables continuous monitoring of asphalt mixture performance, supporting more efficient pavement management and potentially extending the service life of road infrastructure.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 02 Sep 2026 09:21:34 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2703545</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Roles of fiber type, packed-volume effect, and oil absorption behavior in lignocellulosic fiber-reinforced asphalt mastics</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2703362</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This study investigates how stabilized packed fiber volume, fiber length distribution, and oil-absorption behavior jointly influence asphalt mastic performance. Primary bamboo fiber (PBF), bamboo board fiber (CBF), and corrugated paper fiber (CP, included as an engineering-relevant cellulose-fiber benchmark) were evaluated under two dosage schemes: equal-mass dosing (0.75 wt%), yielding MPBF and MCBF, and equal packed-volume dosing, in which the dosages of PBF and CBF were converted to match the stabilized packed fiber volume of CP at 0.75 wt%, yielding VPBF and VCBF. Force–ductility (10°C), penetration (25°C), DSR tensile (60°C), and LAS fatigue (PAV-aged, 25°C) tests were conducted, and the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS), a multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) ranking method, was used for comprehensive evaluation. Under equal-mass dosing, CP ranked highest, whereas under equal packed-volume dosing, VPBF showed the best overall performance, indicating superior network-forming efficiency associated with its more favorable length gradation within a controlled packed fiber volume. The TOPSIS ranking was VPBF > CP > VCBF > MCBF > MPBF. Results indicate that stabilized packed fiber volume primarily governs reinforcement intensity, while fiber length distribution controls network connectivity and load-transfer efficiency. Oil absorption mainly provides secondary tuning by adjusting effective binder content. These findings suggest that packed-volume normalization, together with consideration of fiber length distribution, offers a practical alternative to conventional mass-based dosage design for heterogeneous lignocellulosic fibers.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 02 Sep 2026 09:21:34 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2703362</guid>
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