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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <language>en-us</language>
    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
    <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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      <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
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    <item>
      <title>A Basic Study on Meandering Motion of Multi-Articulated Vehicle</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2658360</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Currently, the population of Japan is steadily decreasing, and the shortage of the working population is a major issue in various fields. Normally, one tractor-driver pulls 1~2 trailers, so it has a higher transport capacity than other vehicles. But if the number of trailers towed can be reasonably increased, it can be easily predicted that it will help solve the shortage of drivers. We thought that it was necessary to examine in advance what kind of problems occurred in the motion of the multi-articulated vehicle.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 14 Apr 2026 10:11:23 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2658360</guid>
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      <title>Automated steering control for improved path tracking and stability of articulated heavy goods vehicles</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2659286</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In the context of automated driving, articulated HGVs, such as tractor-semitrailers are popularly used for goods transportation. They are advantageous due to their larger capacity, but their increased mass and size pose lateral instability issues which may lead to safety-critical situations. Automated steering controllers capable of precise path-tracking and improved lateral stability may help avoid such problems. Here, we present two lateral controllers: Front Axle Reference (FAR) and Adaptive Reference (AR). FAR provides precise path tracking at the front of the vehicle, while AR drives more like a human driver, reducing the overall offtracking of the vehicle while ensuring stability. Both controllers are designed using Artificial Flow Guidance (AFG), which provides a motion reference based on path geometry. Simulations carried out for a broad range of speeds show centimetre-level path-tracking precision and improved lateral stability compared to the simple and familiar Pure Pursuit method. Controller performance is also seen to be robust to changes in trailer mass. Preliminary experimental results, conducted at low-speeds, tend to support these findings.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 14 Apr 2026 10:11:23 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2659286</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Autonomous Trucking: Workforce-Safety Dynamics and Policy Implications</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2685592</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Autonomous trucks raise complex and interconnected questions about public safety and the future of labor. This white paper examines this safety and workforce connection through a review of multidisciplinary literature and findings from expert interviews to evaluate three automated trucking pathways: driverless trucks, truck platooning, and automated driving assistance systems (ADAS). A central finding is that human autonomy teams will remain integral across all three trajectories. Humans will co-design, test, supervise, and maintain these systems, playing enduring roles in pre-drive, front-line (including in-vehicle), and remote (off-vehicle) settings. These roles represent durable labor categories whose scope, skill requirements, and job quality will be shaped by regulatory design choices that also influence public safety outcomes. This paper finds that partial automation is likely to expand more rapidly than fully driverless operations, creating near-term opportunities to leverage ADAS technologies to improve safety and workforce retention. Investments in retraining and education can help workers transition into emerging roles, while advances in ADAS and automated driving systems (ADS) safety standards should explicitly address risks to both workers and the public. Greater coordination across government, labor, and industry will also be essential to implement these strategies and ensure that autonomous trucking supports higher-quality jobs and leads to safer, more resilient goods movement systems.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 09 Apr 2026 13:41:24 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2685592</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Northeast Freight Corridor Charging Plan: Roadmap Report</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2685485</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This study examines the implementation of charging infrastructure for electric medium- and heavy-duty freight vehicles along key highways in the Northeastern United States (Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont). Based on the study, 39 priority sites are identified based on criteria such as power demand forecasting, economic and environmental site impacts, existing plans for utility upgrades, proximity to highways, and available truck parking. This report includes: the importance of corridor charging, the scope of the Northeast Freight Corridor Charging Plan (NFCCP), an overview of the methodology for site selection, site power demand projections, implementation barriers, and recommendations.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 07 Apr 2026 17:08:41 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2685485</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Assessment of Heavy-Duty Fueling Methods and Components: Cooperative Research and Development Final Report</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2685480</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Chevron, National Laboratory of the Rockies (NLR), Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), and NextEnergy partnered in the development of a comprehensive assessment of heavy-duty (HD) fuel cell electric vehicle fueling protocols. The project leveraged and built upon existing international heavy-duty (HD) fueling protocols and fueling component development activities to deliver component performance assessments, modeling tools and methods evaluations, techno-economic assessments of industry-selected protocol structures and experimental validations of the strategies performed at NLR's HD hydrogen fueling station.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 06 Apr 2026 16:59:02 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2685480</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>NCHRP Research Report 1115: In Case of Emergency: Easing Weight Limits for Commercial Trucks</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2678790</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The Texas A&M Transportation Institute recently concluded a comprehensive study to address the challenges state agencies face in managing regulatory relief for overweight commercial motor vehicles transporting supplies during emergencies. The research aimed to establish a unified approach to emergency management, focusing on the definitions of emergency and emergency commodities, identifying successful practices, and formulating a decision framework tailored to different emergency scenarios. The study, conducted under National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Project 3-13(05), “Regulatory Relief of Commercial Vehicle Weight Requirements for Emergency Transportation of Critical Commodities,” and resulting guide highlighted the importance of streamlining special permits in emergency situations. This need became apparent during the COVID-19 pandemic, when rapid changes in commerce increased demand on the freight community to deliver emergency supplies and goods amid uncertainty. The study noted the challenges posed by the lack of uniformity in permit regulations between neighboring states and within states that have multiple entities responsible for infrastructure ownership, operation, and local oversight. The study culminated in the creation of a comprehensive guide—NCHRP Research Report 1115: Transporting Freight in Emergencies: A Guide on Special Permits and Weight Requirements—that integrates best practices and essential resources.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 02 Apr 2026 15:16:37 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2678790</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Communication of Fixed and Mobile Warnings to Commercial Trucks Using In-Cab Notification</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2681391</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Improving commercial vehicle safety continues to be an important priority for all stakeholders. There has been considerable focus in Indiana on reducing work zone related crashes, particularly those involving commercial motor vehicles encountering unexpected slowdowns or stopped traffic on the Interstate. Connected vehicle data have the potential to warn motorists of impending slowdowns and congestion in real-time. Multiple data providers have recently begun providing in-cab alerts to commercial vehicle drivers in areas of congestion, dangerous slowdowns, and work zone construction to increase driver awareness of potential hazards. This research utilized 1-second frequency data from trucks receiving in-cab alerts for Congestion or Dangerous Slowdown incidents on limited access roadways in Indiana to analyze the impact of these alerts on commercial vehicle driver behavior from about 30 seconds prior up to 5 minutes after an alert was received. Analysis of approximately 20,000 in-cab alerts sent to commercial vehicle drivers along 44 limited access corridors in Indiana for the months of April–June 2024 showed that 21.2% of drivers receiving a Dangerous Slowdown alert and 15% of drivers receiving a Congestion alert had reduced their speeds by at least 5 mph within 30 s of receiving an alert. As this area of in-cab alerts continues to evolve, it will be important to converge on a shared vision and common targets for these safety and mobility performance measures so that public agencies, in-cab alert providers, and trucking companies can work closely together to agilely improve these systems and increase driver confidence.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 30 Mar 2026 08:55:11 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2681391</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Deep learning-based estimation of truck Turn Around Time at container port</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2676083</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In South Korea, most import and export cargo are mainly transported by sea. With so much cargo being transported through the ports, congestion from trucks is particularly severe at city ports, which are located close to cities. Accordingly, port terminals require systematic and efficient terminal operation, since congestion leads to problems such as air pollution. This study aims to estimate the Turn Around Time (TAT) of trucks at container terminals. Accurate truck TAT estimations have the potential to mitigate congestion, since truck drivers can avoid congested times. The dataset was constructed by combining truck DTG (Digital Tacho Graph) data collected in Korea in 2021, shipping in port data collected from major ports in Korea such as Busan New Port and Incheon Port, and weather data. Several artificial intelligence models were used to estimate the TAT, and their performance evaluation indicators were compared. From the comparison results, the artificial intelligence model with the best estimation performance was identified. As a result of estimating TAT through artificial intelligence models, Busan New Port had the highest TAT estimation accuracy. Through this study, we found that it is possible to estimate TAT using DTG data, which is installed in most Korean trucks.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 30 Mar 2026 08:55:11 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2676083</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>In-bus carbon dioxide concentrations and thermal comfort evaluation in long-distance buses along major highways in Ghana</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2680680</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Road-traffic accident fatalities in Ghana remain persistently high at approximately 25 deaths per 100,000 people annually, yet the contribution of in-vehicle microenvironmental conditions to driver impairment has received little attention. This study provides the first in-situ assessment of in-bus carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations and thermal comfort in long-distance buses operating along major highways in Ghana. CO2 was monitored using IQAir VisualPro low-cost sensors, while thermal comfort was evaluated using a temperature-humidity-based index from departure to arrival. Average in-bus CO2 levels on Kumasi–Southern Ghana routes ranged from 1939.8–2543.7 ppm, substantially exceeding the 1000 ppm indoor ventilation guideline recommended by ASHRAE Standard 62.1 for acceptable indoor air quality. Concentrations often surpassed 2000 ppm—levels associated with impaired cognitive functioning, decision-making, and alertness in controlled human studies and occupational-health advisories, including WHO guidance for indoor exposure. By contrast, thermal comfort conditions across all monitored buses remained within the acceptable tropical comfort range (20–29.3 °C), indicating that temperature and humidity were unlikely to be contributing factors to driver discomfort or performance decline. These results suggest that prolonged exposure to elevated in-bus CO2, especially under congested conditions in southern urban corridors, may heighten the risk of fatigue-related crash involvement among Ghanaian bus drivers. Expanded monitoring across more vehicle types and seasons is warranted to further quantify this emerging safety concern. Meanwhile, improved ventilation practices, periodic cabin airing, and the establishment and enforcement of a national eight-hour maximum continuous driving period for commercial long-distance drivers are recommended to mitigate CO2-related cognitive impairment risks and enhance overall road-safety outcomes.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 23 Mar 2026 17:14:51 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2680680</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Optimal Control for Platooning Under Batch Dispatching Opportunities</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2561847</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Truck platooning is an innovative logistics approach to lower operational costs, particularly fuel consumption, while addressing contemporary transportation challenges. While recent studies on truck platooning have emphasized platoons’ energy savings, stability, and safety, there has been limited exploration of platoon formation and control. This paper uses optimal control theory to address the dispatching control of trucks with arriving platoons. In particular, trucks arrive at a highway station while platoons arrive alongside it. The station controls the truck holding and dispatching, where trucks are sent out with or without a platoon. Dispatching trucks with an arriving platoon reduces fuel consumption while waiting for a platoon to arrive increases the dwell time (i.e., transportation delay). We assume that an arriving platoon determines the number of trucks (i.e., the batch size) it can accept. Only a single truck can be dispatched if a platoon is absent. Hence, we formulate the dispatching control problem and derive the optimal policy for the discounted costs and the average cost governing the dispatch of trucks alongside platoons. We proved the optimality of threshold policies. Numerical results for the average cost case are presented. They are consistent with the optimal ones.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 23 Mar 2026 17:14:34 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2561847</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>A Hierarchical Controller for Connected Truck Platoon: Analysis and Verification</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2561819</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper proposes a novel hierarchical controller for connected truck platoons. To this end, the predecessor following topology is used to characterize the communication connectivity between connected trucks. Then, a longitudinal efficient controller consisting of upper-level and lower-level controllers is proposed. In particular, the upper-level controller is designed based on the kinematic model to handle the car-following interactions between connected trucks and delays in communication and input. The lower-level controller comprises a feedforward and a feedback control law. The feedforward control law converts the desired acceleration from the upper-level controller into the vehicle throttle or braking pressure using the inverse dynamic model, while the feedback control law compensates for the control error caused by unknown vehicle parameters. In addition, in the linear region, the internal stability is analyzed based on the second-order kinematic model using s-domain analysis and linearization method, respectively. Then, the string stability is proved. The influence of parameters on the stability performance is extensively discussed using the stability diagram. Finally, the feasibility of the proposed controller is verified via co-simulations in PreScan and TruckSim, in terms of acceleration, velocity, and spacing error profiles.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 23 Mar 2026 17:14:33 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2561819</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Heavy Goods Vehicle Drivers’ Insights on Crash Contributing Factors in Rigid and Articulated Lorries</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2669870</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Heavy goods vehicles (HGVs) are vital to the logistics industry, but their involvement in road traffic crashes in Malaysia raises concerns. Differences in design and operation between rigid and articulated lorries lead to varying crash outcomes. This study examines crash-contributing factors from the driver’s perspective through an online survey of 424 HGV drivers. Contingency table analysis found that older drivers (>59 years), those driving articulated lorries with extensive experience (≥10 years), and extended driving durations (>12 hours) significantly increased crash likelihood. Factors contributing to rigid lorry crashes include lack of sleep, reckless driving, fatigue, brake deficiency, and tyre bursts, while articulated lorries are influenced by reckless driving, speeding, traffic violations, adverse weather conditions and tyre bursts. Inadequate road signage and poor street lighting were significant factors for both types. These findings provide valuable insights for developing targeted safety measures specific to each HGV type to improve overall road safety.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 23 Mar 2026 15:21:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2669870</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>A Hybrid Tabu Search and Variable Neighborhood Descent Heuristic for the Load-dependent Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Windows</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2655493</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Logistics becomes more important to the global supply chain after COVID-19. To achieve net zero in 2050, companies realized that it is imperative to reduce the fuel consumption and carbon emissions. The traditional vehicle routing problem is to minimize total travel time or cost. Th fuel consumption and carbon emissions were not considered. As the fuel consumption or carbon emission is impacted by the truck load and their travel distance, the load dependent vehicle routing problem (LDVRP) becomes more important. The LDVRP with time windows (LDVRPTW) which is the topic of this research is related to Practical consideration. Due to the NP-hardness of the LDVRPTW, most researches developed metaheuristics to solve the problem. In this research, we propose a multi-start tabu search hybrid with variable neighborhood descent (VND) to improve the search space and computation efficiency. We test our algorithm with benchmark instance of LDVRP and Soloman VRPTW instances.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 23 Mar 2026 15:20:58 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2655493</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Statistical analysis of vehicle usage intensity in a transport company</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2666015</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The article presents the application of selected statistical analyses to monitor the degree of efficiency of the use of a fleet of vehicles in a transport company. The main objective of the work was to present selected statistical tests for a given number of vehicles. 179 vehicles of various types and brands in use. Three groups of vehicles were distinguished in the analysis in terms of the load capacity of the cargo space: small cars, delivery vans and trucks. One of the factors differentiating vehicles within the distinguished groups was their mileage at the beginning of the observation period. Data on the vehicle usage intensity during one year of operation were analyzed. The single-factor statistical analyses used are of a preliminary nature, being an introduction to the issues of multifactor analysis. On the other hand, single-factor analyses can be used in the issues of classification of a heterogeneous the fleet of vehicles in road transport companies. The presented procedure showed the possibility of adapting statistical analyses to the management and forecasting of vehicle use in a transport company from the B2B and B2C sectors.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 23 Mar 2026 15:15:34 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2666015</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>The impact of electrification of public transport on environmental pollution on the example of the city of Rzeszów</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2665930</link>
      <description><![CDATA[One of the areas of economy that has a major impact on air pollution and fuel consumption is transport. The effects of environmental pollution caused by transport are most visible in large cities. Smog and congestion often occur there. A radical way to reduce these negative impacts is to introduce zero-emission means of transport into operation in cities and to develop public transport. In the case of zero-emission means of transport using electricity, the method of generating this energy is of great importance. With the majority share of hard and brown coal in electricity generation, the potential benefits from reducing the total emission of harmful substances into the atmosphere may be severely limited. Using the example of public transport in the city of Rzeszów, the article decided to examine the impact of the method of generating electricity on environmental pollution. In the conducted simulation studies, it was decided to use current data as well as predicted scenarios of generating electricity in Poland. 3 scenarios were conducted: replacement of conventional buses with electric buses without changing electricity generation CO2 emissions intensity, full electric bus fleet with prediction of change of electricity production CO2 emissions intensity, replacement of conventional buses with electric buses with prediction of change of electricity production CO2 emissions intensity. First scenario showed only 26% decrease in CO2 emissions in year 2040, second 55% decrease and third 66% decrease. Results show that in the case of Rzeszów, electrification of public transport is not sufficient to achieve significant decrease in CO2 emissions. Shift towards cleaner electricity is also required to achieve it.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 23 Mar 2026 15:15:33 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2665930</guid>
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