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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
    <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <item>
      <title>The role of associatively-mediated processes in shaping driving behaviour: how experience of contingencies interacts with response inhibition</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1736476</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Driving is a necessary, but inherently risky, daily activity. One behaviour exacerbating these risks occurs when drivers illegally cross amber traffic lights, and an improved ability to inhibit this behaviour would promote safer driving. Driving is cognitively demanding, and this is likely to reduce the ability to maintain the intention to inhibit the amber-crossing response. Recent research has demonstrated that response inhibition can become associatively-mediated with the right type of training and is thus not exclusively reliant on control processes. This finding has led to the development of inhibition training techniques to develop associatively-mediated inhibitory responses to cues that might lead to an incorrect behaviour. However, it is unclear to what extent this work could be generalised to driving. The first question addressed in this thesis centres on what kind of behaviour at traffic lights might be primed as a result of experiencing the contingencies produced at traffic light-controlled junctions. The second focuses on how training could be developed to change the products of this learning so that it primes safer behaviours. Chapter One introduces the theoretical background to the thesis and includes a discussion of dual-process models of associative learning and associatively-mediated inhibition. Chapters Two and Three ask what is learnt at an associative level at traffic lights. Chapter Two begins the development of a laboratory paradigm that aims to capture the contingencies linked to traffic lights, and Chapter Three continues this by introducing sequences into the paradigm. Chapter Four investigates the importance of task set for associative learning and begins the development of a training task to change the learnt associative behaviour towards amber traffic lights. This work is continued in Chapter Five where the task is taken out of a pure associative learning context and applied in a real-world intervention. Finally, Chapter Six summarises the empirical work and links it to the theories and issues introduced in Chapter One.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 01 Sep 2020 14:50:10 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1736476</guid>
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      <title>Predicting driver behavior during the yellow interval using video surveillance</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1448410</link>
      <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 30 Jan 2017 10:43:10 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1448410</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Effect of cognitive distraction on stopping performance under conceptual driving work</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1402275</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This study aims to reveal the effects of cognitive distraction on driving performance. As the primary driving task, we selected the “yellow interval dilemma” at an intersection. In this situation, braking requires high perceptual and cognitive demand. As the secondary task, the “1- back task” was used. We conducted a field experiment in which 23 participants drove on a test track with a signalized intersection. We analyzed the measurement data for 215 runs with stopping at the intersection. The present study indicates that the presence of 1-back task did not affect the judgement of whether to stop. The mean times before braking initialisation with 1-back task were shorter than those without 1-back task. The mean times to peak master cylinder brake pressure with 1-back task were longer than those without 1-back task. Judgement of stopping point for stopping before the stop line was reduced by the presence of the 1-back task. It is supposed that the driver try to extend time for perceptional and recognizing with 1-back task according to shortening time before braking initialisation as much as possible. The drivers might select a strategy to avoid an effect of 1-back task on decreasing perceptional and recognizing resource. These results reveal that a cognitive distractor can have negative effects on performance that requires resources used for perceptual and cognitive activities such as braking behavior under a yellow dilemma period.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 30 Mar 2016 10:52:56 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1402275</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Dilemma zone protection with advance detection and active warning signs</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1210729</link>
      <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sat, 25 Aug 2012 00:54:29 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1210729</guid>
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      <title>Introductory remarks to session s2, traffic engineering - signs and signals</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1209820</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper briefly analyses the following papers: an evaluation of the luminance contrast requirements of highway signs (hills=bl and freeman=kd); optimizing the use of amber in traffic signals (mcgill=wa).]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 24 Aug 2012 23:56:59 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1209820</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Traffic control by means of arrows and circles: a review of 'a study of directional traffic lights'</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1209575</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The following review of a study of the meaning and interpretation of directional traffic signals conducted by jm hempel for the Australian Road Research Board has been prepared by jfm bryant.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 24 Aug 2012 23:50:34 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1209575</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Road traffic control, driver behaviour and the law</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1207778</link>
      <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 24 Aug 2012 22:45:34 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1207778</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Traffic signals: design and operations</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1207335</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The design and operation of traffic signals are described in this section. Aspects covered include intersection capacity, calculation of cycle times, factors affecting capacity, saturation flow, operation of signalised intersections, fixed time control, vehicle actuated signals and vehicle detection.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 24 Aug 2012 22:22:25 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1207335</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>A proposal to improve driver observance at traffic signals</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1206731</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper was tabled at a meeting of the Traffic Authority of NSW on 26 July 1979.  The paper attempts to analyse the process or system involving the driver, the vehicle, the road environment and the laws governing the situation when the traffic signal changes from green through yellow to red. Based on this analysis the paper proposes: a) a revision of the law relating to the yellow signal; b) an extension of the yellow period; c) a special enforcement effort against drivers "running the red"; d) widespread publicity to these three measures; and e) a review of the effectiveness of the proposed changes, especially in respect of the extended duration of the yellow interval.  The full text of the paper is reproduced as Appendix A to this report to the Traffic Authority of NSW by the interdepartmental working group on driver observance of traffic light signals.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 24 Aug 2012 21:55:52 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1206731</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Determination of intergreen time at phase changes</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1206730</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This is a technical paper prepared as part of a review by the interdepartmental working group on driver observance of traffic light signals, and forms appendix e of the working group's report to the Traffic Authority of NSW.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 24 Aug 2012 21:55:50 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1206730</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Literature review</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1206729</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This literature review was prepared as part of a review by the interdepartmental working group on driver observance of traffic light signals, and forms appendix c of the working group's report to the Traffic Authority of NSW.  Literature relating to the subject was reviewed with the specific task of investigating the advantages and disadvantages of yellow signals of other than three seconds fixed or variable, and changes resulting from the variation of all red signals in conjunction with varied yellow signals.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 24 Aug 2012 21:55:49 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1206729</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>The yellow (amber) period of traffic signals</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1206634</link>
      <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 24 Aug 2012 21:52:21 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1206634</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Three aspect bicycle lanterns</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1196669</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper describes a trial undertaken in Victoria to test three aspect (red, yellow and green) bicycle lanterns.  These have been installed by the road traffic authority on a trial basis on the nepean highway bikepath. This bikepath runs parallel to the nepean highway from brighton to moorabbin with a number of signalised intersections en route, and, as part of the trial, the three aspect bicycle lanterns have been linked in with the parallel motor vehicle phases.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 24 Aug 2012 15:03:25 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1196669</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Analysis of the Newcastle survey of driver observance of traffic signals</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1193931</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This report describes the methods used and results obtained in an analysis of the data collected from a survey of driver observance of traffic light signals in the Newcastle area.  The survey involved 15 selected intersections and was conducted during a before period, october and november 1980, and an after period, march and april 1981.  During the intervening period the signal settings had been altered so that, whilst the method of determining red time on an approach did not change, yellow times and intersection all red times were adjusted according to formulae which took account of the characteristics of each intersection.  The yellow time changes involved increases in the standard 3.0 Second settings of yellow time which applied in the before period to setting ranging from 3.0 To 5.0 Seconds, in half second increments, in the after period.  For the large majority of all the intersection approaches concerned, the value was 4.0 Or 4.5 Seconds, and on the average the increase in yellow time was approximately 45 per cent.  With the aim of isolating any effects arising from the signal changes, other possible major sources of variation such as time of day were matched for both periods, following the usual before and after approach.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 24 Aug 2012 13:38:10 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1193931</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Flashing amber signal operation: intersection brooker highway/ tasman highway/ bathurst street</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1191496</link>
      <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 24 Aug 2012 12:02:38 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1191496</guid>
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