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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
    <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
    <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
    <image>
      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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      <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
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    <item>
      <title>A STUDY OF THE HYDROGENATION OF A WYOMING COAL</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/107993</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A REPORT IS PRESENTED ON WORK DONE IN HYDROGENATING A COAL FOR PRODUCTION OF BITUMENS THAT MIGHT BE SUITABLE FOR USE IN HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION. IT CONSISTS LARGELY OF DESCRIPTIONS OF MATERIALS, PROCESS CONDITIONS, YIELDS, AND CONTAINS INFORMATION ON THE KINETICS OF THE PROCESSES AND ON SEVERAL MECHANISMS TO EXPLAIN PRODUCT FORMATION. SOME INFORMATION IS ALSO GIVEN TO INDICATE THE CHARACTER OF THE BITUMENS PRODUCED UNDER DIFFERENT PROCESS CONDITIONS. THE BITUMENS APPEAR TO HAVE ADHESIVE PROPERTIES COMPARABLE TO THOSE OF ROAD TAR AND SUPERIOR TO THOSE OF PETROLEUM ASPHALTS. VISCOSITY-TEMPERATURE SUSCEPTIBILITY PROPERTIES AND PERFORMANCE IN A MODIFIED THIN FILM OVEN TEST OF THE HYDROGENATED PRODUCT APPEAR TO BE INTERMEDIATE BETWEEN THOSE OF ASPHALT AND ROAD TARS. IT IS CONCLUDED THAT PRODUCTION OF A ROAD BINDER FROM A WYOMING COAL BY A HYDROGENATION PROCESS IS FEASIBLE. /BPR/]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 29 Dec 1994 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/107993</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>DISCUSSION OF A NEW ADDITIONAL SPECIFICATION FOR ASPHALTIC ROAD OILS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/95106</link>
      <description><![CDATA[IN A DISCUSSION OF THE SPECIFIC GRAVITY, FLASH POINT, MOISTURE, VISCOSITY, DISTILLATION, DUCTILITY, AND SOLUBILITY, IT IS CONCLUDED THAT THESE TESTS ARE OF NO VALUE IN PREDICTING THE QUALITY OF ASPHALT. QUALITY IS DEFINED AS EMBRACING SUCH PROPERTIES AS EASE OF APPLICATION, THE RAPIDITY AND TENACITY WITH WHICH IT COATS AND ADHERES TO THE AGGREGATE, ITS RESISTANCE TO RUPTURE, CRACKING OR THE ABILITY TO WITHSTAND DEFORMATION WITHOUT FAILURE. IT ALSO EMBRACES THE ABILITY TO RETAIN ITS ORIGINAL CHARACTERISTICS TO RESIST STRIPPING, WEATHERING AND HARDENING. THE QUALITY TEST PROPOSED IS THE DETERMINATION OF THE VISCOSITY INDEX OF THE OILY PHASE OF THE ASPHALT.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 03 Jun 1994 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/95106</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>SAVING MONEY WITH SYNTHETIC LUBRICANTS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/301429</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Synthetic lubricants are similar to conventional lubricants in that they contain a base oil and an additive package (for corrosion resistance, cleanliness and other specialized functions).  However, the base oil in a synthetic lubricant is made from synthesized hydrocarbon base oils, as opposed to natural, petroleum base oils.  Synthesized hydrocarbons exhibit better thermal and oxidation stability, and have a higher viscosity index, lower pour point and better low-temperature fluidity.  This means they can withstand extremely high temperatures without breaking down like petroleum-based lubricants.  Breakdown resistance keeps internal parts cleaner, reduces wear rates and allows for extended drain intervals.  Low-temperature fluidity means that synthetics flow better in cold weather, allow easier starts, and reduce strain on starters and batteries. Synthetics are expensive, but the benefits are proven. Fleet experience with their use is reported in this article.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sat, 30 Sep 1989 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/301429</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>THE DEVELOPMENT AND PERFORMANCE OF MULTIGRADE SUPER TRACTOR UNIVERSAL OILS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/190458</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The demand is increasing for Super Tractor Universal Oils (STUO) which can be used to lubricate all of the major parts of a tractor (engine, gear box, final drive, hydraulic system, and wet brakes). The history of STUO is reviewed, and the formulation, experience, and performance of multigraded oils meeting today's requirements are presented. Field testing experience provides data to further support the STUO concept. The need for compromise in viscosity grading is noted.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sat, 30 Jul 1983 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/190458</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>STUDIES OF ENGINE BEARINGS AND LUBRICATION SP-539</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/190547</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This special publication contains: (1) An Experimental Study of Cavitation in Hydrodynamically Lubricated Journal Bearings-Part I: Oil Film Behaviour, M.O.A. Mokhtar and M.E. Ameen; (2) An Experimental Study of Cavitation in Hydrodynamically Lubricated Journal Bearings-Part II: Bearing Behaviour, M.O.A. Mokhtar and M.E. Ameen; (3) Wear-Inhibition by Adsorption of Polymeric Solution, Horst Wochnowski; (4) Dynamic Behaviour of an Elastic Connecting-Rod Bearing - Theoretical Study, B. Fantino, M. Godet, and J. Frene; (5) Aluminum Alloy Bearings Containing Hard Particles Fitted for Use with Nodular Cast Iron Shaft, T. Fukuoka, H. Kato, S. Kamiya, and N. Soda; (6) Kinematics and Lubrication Conditions at Cam Contact in a Centrally Pivoted Cam-Finger Follower, C.E. Lim, H.P. Evans, and R.W. Snidle; (7) Running In of Ground Surfaces Under Elastohydrodynamic Conditions, I.F. Bishop and R.W. Snidle; and (8) Contact-Point Method for Measuring Sliding Face Temperature and Its Applications, Y. Iida, K. Tanaka, and S. Fuse.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sat, 30 Jul 1983 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/190547</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>OIL--THE LIFEBLOOD OF AN ENGINE</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/194836</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The importance of engine lubrication and the use of additives to solve oil-related problems are discussed.  In winter, a car must occasionally be started in freezing weather and oil must be free flowing at low temperatures. During the summer, oil must withstand very high temperatures. Oil technologists have produced multigrade oils such as Castrol GTX to meet these widely varying conditions. More engine wear occurs in cars driven daily for short trips than in cars driven frequently on long, fast trips. Additional problems are oxidation which thickens and discolors oil, and dirty engine running conditions which damage exhaust valves, cause ignition problems, and reduce fuel economy. Additives to prevent oil-related problems include viscosity index improvers, antioxidants, detergent-dispersants, and antiwear additives. Research work of the Castrol laboratories is noted.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sat, 30 Jul 1983 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/194836</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>WEAR-INHIBITION BY ADSORPTION OF POLYMERIC SOLUTION</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/197281</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Polymers used as viscosity index improvers contribute to the wear-inhibition of multigrade engine oils. Investigations with the model oil of poly (n-butylmethacrylate) in different solvents as basic oil show that friction and wear are depending on state of solvation of the macromolecules, the adsorption of the polymer from solution on solid surface and the heat of wetting of the solvents on iron (Fe). The results are interesting for praxis.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sat, 30 Jul 1983 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/197281</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE FRICTION AND FUEL EFFICIENCY -- VISCOUS VERSUS NON-VISCOUS EFFECTS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/87827</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The influences on fuel efficiency of viscosity difference and friction modification by colloid friction modifiers in motor oil were examined separately and in combination in a series of automobile track tests using EPA test procedures. The results demonstrated the following: 1.  Simply reducing the viscosity of multigrade engine oils did not produce consistent, statistically significant fuel economy benefits. 2.  The incorporation of a colloid friction modifier in reduced viscosity multigrade oils produced consistent and statistically significant improvements in fuel economy over those same reduced viscosity multigrade oils without colloid friction modification.  3.  Whereas reduced viscosity multigrade oils did not show significant benefits over a commercial type SAE 10W-40 proposal S-1 oil, those same reduced viscosity multigrade oils containing colloid friction modifier demonstrated consistent and statistically significant improvements in fuel economy over that commercial oil.  4.  Incorporation of colloid friction modifier in a single grade (SAE 30) oil produced consistent and statistically significant improvements in fuel economy over the commercial type SAE 10W-40 oil.  Statistically valid improvements in fuel efficiency due to the presence of colloid friction modifier can be observed in this data in the general range of five to ten percent.  Paper No. 780984.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 28 Aug 1979 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/87827</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>VISCOSITY EFFECTS ON ENGINE WEAR UNDER HIGH-TEMPERATURE, HIGH-SPEED CONDITIONS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/87828</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Four multigrade engine oils, containing the same base oil plus SE additive package but polymeric viscosity-index improvers of differing shear stability, were evaluated in 80 000 km of high-speed, high-temperature vehicle service. Bearing, piston ring and valve guide wear, as well as oil consumption, oil filter plugging and engine cleanliness were all worse for the engines operated on the low-shear stability oils.  The wear differences were traced to differences in high-shear-rate viscosity, while the cleanliness, filter plugging and oil consumption differences occurred because of excessive wear or polymer shear degradation.  These results suggest that engine oil viscosity should be specified under high-shear-rate conditions.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 28 Aug 1979 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/87828</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>VISCOSITY AND FLOW PROPERTIES OF MULTIGRADE ENGINE OILS--A REVIEW OF AN INTERNATIONAL COLLOQUIUM</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/90633</link>
      <description><![CDATA[An International Colloquium, "Viscosity-Flow Properties of Multigrade Engine Oils," was held at the Technische Akademie Esslingen, December 7-9, 1977, at Ostfildern, Germany.  The program of the colloquium, which is the subject of this review, provided an almost complete review of the present state of technology in the field of multigrade engine oils and their development.  Besides the requirements of engines for engine oils and the fundamentals of rheology, the following main subjects were discussed: Viscosity classification of engine oils development in the USA and in Europe; Chemical and physical properties of viscosity index (VI) improvers; Cold flow behavior and high temperature viscosity of VI-improver containing oils; Influence of mechanical, thermal, and oxidative stresses; Engine performance of multigrade engine oils; Startability and pumpability of engine oils.  Some of the most important results and conclusions especially related to the subject of the relationship of engine oil viscosity to engine performance are reported and discussed.  Paper No. 780979.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 31 Jul 1979 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/90633</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>ORI OF TODAY'S VEHICLES, PART II</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/50758</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Reduced coolant temperature studies showed an average decrease in ORI of about two units in two popular make engines and no effect in a third make.  Coolant temperature had on significant effect on exhaust emissions from any of the engines tested.  Tests conducted on gasoline "tail" end properties showed that gasoline endpoint had no effect on ORI, while an increase in polycyclic nuclear aromatics increased it.  A managanse antiknock additive reduced ORI in one make engine.  Lube oil metal additive type and type of viscosity index (VI) improver affected ORI whereas, sulfated ash content did not affect it. /GMRL/]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 08 Dec 1977 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/50758</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>EVALUATION OF A BUTADIENCE-STYRENE VISCOSITY INDEX IMPROVER</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/61816</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Extensive laboratory and field test data are presented on multigrade motor oils formulated with a new VI improver developed by Phillips Petroleum Company.  This VI improver is a hydrogenated copolymer of butadiene and styrene.  Its unique features are outstanding shear and oxidation stability, and excellent performance in Caterpillar 1-H diesel tests.  /GMRL/]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 13 Apr 1977 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/61816</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>DEVELOPMENT OF SPECIFICATIONS FOR VISCOSITY-GRADED ASPHALTS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/101347</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A COMPREHENSIVE RESEARCH PROGRAMS HAS BEEN CONDUCTED TO DEVELOP FUNDAMENTAL METHODS FOR MEASURING THE CONSISTENCY OF ASPHALTIC MATERIALS AND TO STUDY THE FLOW PROPERTIES OF ASPHALT CEMENTS OVER THE RANGE IN TEMPERATURES ENCOUNTERED IN CONSTRUCTION AND SERVICE IN PAVEMENTS. CONCURRENTLY, A NUMBER OF SPECIFICATIONS USING REQUIREMENTS BASED ON THE NEW FUNDAMENTAL METHODS HAVE BEEN PROPOSED OR USED AS THE BASIS FOR PURCHASING ASPHALT. IN AN ATTEMPT TO GIVE SOME GUIDANCE AND STANDARDIZATION TO THESE SPECIFICATIONS, THE COMMITTEE ON MATERIALS OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF STATE HIGHWAY OFFICIALS (AASHO) UNDERTOOK THE DEVELOPMENT OF SPECIFICATIONS BASED ON VISCOSITY GRADING AT 140 F. FOUR GRADES WERE SELECTED, AND LIMITING REQUIREMENTS WERE ADDED FOR VISCOSITY AT 275 F. BECAUSE LOW- TEMPERATURE VISCOSITY TESTS WERE NOT PERFECTED FOR NATIONAL USE, LIMITING REQUIREMENTS USING THE PENETRATION TEST AT 77 F WERE SELECTED. OTHER REQUIREMENTS INCLUDED MAXIMUM VISCOSITY AND MINIMUM DUCTILITY LIMITS ON THE RESIDUE FROM THE THIN-FILM OVEN TEST. CONVENTIONAL SOLUBILITY, FLASH POINT, AND OLIENSIS SPOT TEST REQUIREMENTS ALSO WERE INCLUDED IN THE SPECIFICATION. THE LIMITS FOR THE REQUIREMENTS OF THE 4 GRADES WERE SET BY A SYSTEMATIC STUDY OF TEST CHARACTERISTICS OF ASPHALT CEMENTS PRODUCED IN THE UNITED STATES. THE SPECIFICATION HAS BEEN ADOPTED BY AASHO, DESIGNATED AS SPECIFICATION M 226, AND PUBLISHED AS AN ALTERNATE TO SPECIFICATION M 20, WHICH IS BASED ON PENETRATION GRADING AND REMAINS IN EFFECT. THE ADVANTAGES OF SPECIFICATION M 226 ARE THAT IT PROVIDES INFORMATION ON THE KIND OF ASPHALT BEING USED AND A MEANS FOR SELECTING THE ASPHALT THAT SHOULD RESULT IN IMPROVED MIXTURE DESIGN AND MORE UNIFORM CONSTRUCTION PRACTICES. THIS SHOULD, IN TIME, LEAD TO IMPROVED PAVEMENT PERFORMANCE. /AUTHOR/]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 03 Oct 1971 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/101347</guid>
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