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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
    <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
    <atom:link href="https://trid.trb.org/Record/RSS?s=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" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml" />
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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
    <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
    <image>
      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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      <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
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    <item>
      <title>Two-dimensional viscous flow study of nonlinear wave resonance loads on a vessel with a recessed moonpool</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2623683</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This study presents a numerical investigation into the nonlinear hydrodynamic wave loads on a vessel equipped with a recessed moonpool, using a two-dimensional multi-phase viscous flow solver based on OpenFOAM®. The primary objective is to elucidate the physical mechanisms governing the generation and amplification of wave loads associated with moonpool resonance. The correlation between wave loads and free surface elevation around the hulls is systematically analyzed in terms of time-dependent dynamics, quasi-steady amplitude-frequency responses, and higher-order harmonics, providing direct evidence of nonlinear wave load generation. Emphasis is placed on the significance of initial build-up phase, during which wave loads can substantially exceed steady-state values. The multi-peak patterns observed in amplitude-frequency responses for partial hulls and entire vessel reveal frequency-dependent load amplification linked to internal fluid resonance. Destructive phase interference between upstream and downstream hulls can lead to conditions where local components experience larger wave loads than the entire vessel. Harmonic analysis further offers detailed insight into frequency-dependent roles of higher-order harmonics in shaping the overall wave loads on both individual hulls and entire vessel. The physical insights enhance understanding of nonlinear hydrodynamic wave loading on vessels with recessed moonpools, and provide practical guidance for structural load predictions and design.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 21 Nov 2025 08:44:17 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2623683</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Modelling and optimization of viscoelastic flow behaviour of thermoplastic resin modified asphalt binder in dynamic shear domain</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2601027</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In response to the increasing demand for high-temperature durability in asphalt pavements, the modification of asphalt binders using thermoplastic resin (TPR) additives has gained attention due to their aromatic structure, chemical compatibility, and ability to improve rutting resistance. This study investigates the viscoelastic flow behavior and performance optimization of TPR-modified asphalt (TPRMA) binders through a comprehensive experimental and numerical modeling framework. A petroleum-derived thermoplastic resin was incorporated into a 70/100 penetration grade asphalt binder at different ratios (1 %, 3 %, 5 %, 7 %). Rheological characterization was performed using Dynamic Shear Rheometer (DSR) tests under a wide range of temperatures and frequencies. Master curves of complex viscosity were constructed using time–temperature superposition and fitted with Cross and Carreau-Yasuda models. Both models showed excellent agreement with experimental data (R2>0.99), with 5 % TPR yielding the highest zero-shear viscosity and lowest critical shear rate. In the second phase of the study, Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was employed to optimize the G*/sinδ parameter, a critical indicator of rutting resistance. RSM model was developed (R2=0.9922; p < 0.0001), and numerical optimization identified 5.702 % TPR at 64 °C as the optimum formulation, producing a predicted G*/sinδ value of 5453.91 Pa. Post-analysis confirmed the statistical reliability of the prediction, with tight confidence and tolerance intervals enclosing the target response. Regression coefficient analysis further emphasized the dominant effects of temperature, TPR content, and their interactions. Overall, the findings highlight that moderate dosages of thermoplastic resin, particularly around 5 %, significantly enhance the high-temperature performance of asphalt binders.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 31 Oct 2025 09:48:30 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2601027</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Throttle valve design and control of a hydraulic hub-motor auxiliary system</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2577186</link>
      <description><![CDATA[To realise the differential control of the hydraulic motor in a hydraulic hub-motor auxiliary system (HHMAS), this research aims to change the flow rate of motor inlet based on the active control of throttle valve flow. On the bases of the HHMAS characteristics, the design and detailed modelling of the throttle valve are carried out, and the working mechanism and dynamic characteristics of the throttle valve are systematically revealed, laying the foundation for the active control of the fixed displacement motor oil inlet flow. Furthermore, the flow control method based on proportional-integral-derivative (PID) and feedforward + feedback are developed and the stability of the control system is validated. Simulation results show that the feedforward + feedback control method has better robustness and control effect than the PID feedback regulation.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 08 Sep 2025 14:54:44 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2577186</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Data-Parallel Right-Updating Algorithm for the Discontinuous Galerkin Method in Compressible Viscous Flow</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2587128</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A new implicit method has been developed based on the full matrix data-parallel lower-upper relaxation (DP-LUR) method. This method maintains data independence between cells and decreases memory usage in subiterations through repeated right side updating. Two schemes have been implemented for this application. The first scheme is a variant of the DP-LUR method. Enhanced with an lower-upper symmetric Gauss-Seidel preconditioner, the second scheme aims to reduce the residual oscillations observed in the first scheme. Numerical tests, encompassing both laminar and turbulent flows, have been conducted. The results demonstrate that both schemes achieve desirable performance with reduced memory usage and exhibit good stability at higher Courant–Friedrichs–Lewy numbers, thus accelerating convergence with appropriate settings. The first scheme achieves performance comparable to the original DP-LUR method, while the second scheme yields better results when the subiteration count is limited.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 02 Sep 2025 08:49:23 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2587128</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Nonlinear hydrodynamic assessment of a floating solar double-hull substructure using viscous numerical wave tank</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2428454</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper assesses a viscous numerical solver for hydrodynamic simulations of floating double-hull substructures supporting solar panels, critical for advancing floating solar technologies. Using the OpenFOAM repository, the study develops a model based on the Finite Volume method and Volume of Fluid approach, focusing on a range of wave frequencies, from weakly to strongly nonlinear, at intermediate depths. A free decay test calibrated the mesh morphology of the control volume, enabling comparative analysis of single and double-cylinder structures exposed to Stokes second-order nonlinear waves, alongside nonlinear potential models and experimental data. Spectral analysis of these solutions quantifies the nonlinearities' influence on structural responses and high-order dynamic prediction accuracy. The key findings demonstrate that the viscous model accurately predicted heave and surge responses, outperforming the potential model under steep waves. The gap distance between the cylinder in the double-cylinder platforms significantly affects fluid flow and stability, especially under shorter waves. Accurate wave-body simulations require appropriate mesh resolution and tailored wavemaker functions for nonlinear waves. These findings highlight the need to incorporate viscous effects in floating solar platform design to enhance stability and performance in real-world environments.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 30 Sep 2024 08:43:12 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2428454</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Potential and viscous hybrid calculation method for ship motion prediction considering the change of ship motion attitude</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2428571</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In the study of ship direct stability assessment and nonlinear motion prediction, a fast and accurate numerical simulation method is needed to consider the nonlinear effect of ship’s large roll motion and improve the calculation accuracy for high wave frequency conditions. In this paper, a potential flow and viscous flow hybrid method is proposed for the nonlinear motion prediction of ship. Based on the assumption of ship periodically steady motion, the nonlinear instantaneous radiation force caused by the change of the ship motion attitude is calculated by using a pre-calculated database in a relatively short time. The instantaneous nonlinear restoring force is obtained by the pressure integration on instantaneous wetted surfaces. In order to solve the problem that the radiation potential calculation error is large based on the potential flow theory in the high wave condition, the instantaneous wave exciting force is modified by adding correction coefficient based on the viscous flow theory. In addition, the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method are verified by the comparative study of four theoretical approaches for nonlinear motion prediction of shallow draft ships. The results show that the prediction error of wave exciting force in roll direction based on potential flow theory is an important reason for the prediction error of ship roll motion. The hybrid method proposed in this paper can improve the prediction accuracy of ship nonlinear roll motion. Compared with the model test results, the calculation error of roll response amplitude operator is within 5% under most wave conditions. For high wave frequency conditions, the calculation error is reduced from 51.66% to 8.94%.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 27 Sep 2024 14:09:20 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2428571</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>A hybrid numerical framework of potential and viscous flows for simulations of free running surface ship maneuvering in waves</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2360000</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This study presents a hybrid numerical framework for the accurate and efficient simulation of free-running surface ship maneuvering in waves. The proposed hybrid framework combines the MOUM (Modified Osaka University Method) body-force method to model the propeller and a hybrid approach of potential and viscous flows for wave-ship interactions. The MOUM body-force method, based on BEMT (Blade Element Momentum Theory), considers the three-dimensional viscous effects of propellers. The hybrid approach of potential and viscous flows decomposes the total physical field into the incident field and the complementary field, where the incident wave is solved by the potential flow theory to ensure the accuracy of wave propagation with coarse grids, and viscous and nonlinear effects are incorporated through the adapted URANS (Unsteady Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes) with refined grids. The 6DOF (Degrees of Freedom) motion equations of the rigid body and the dynamic structured grid with the overset technology are adopted to simulate the 6DOF motions of ship maneuvering in waves. Firstly, the applicability of the computational domain, domain-moving strategy, and ship motion-solving method for effectively simulating ship maneuvering in wave conditions are thoroughly examined. Then the reliability of present hybrid approach is validated using turning benchmark model tests of KCS model in regular waves. Simulations of turning circle and zig-zag maneuvers in regular waves are carried out by the traditional viscous CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) based on the boundary wave-generation approach and the proposed hybrid framework. The trajectories, motions and forces of ship maneuvering in waves predicted by both methods, as well as the computational efficiency, are compared. Numerical results indicated that the proposed method offers high accuracy and efficiency for predicting ship maneuvering in waves and could serve as a highly credible alternative to existing methods.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 04 Apr 2024 16:55:30 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2360000</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Assessment of Different Hybrid Methods for Simulations of Free Running Surface Ship Maneuvering in Waves</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2238166</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In this study, three different hybrid numerical frameworks of potential and viscous flows are developed for ship maneuvering in waves, including a direct CFD simulation method based on URANS (hybrid framework 1), an efficient mean wave force method combining a frequency domain boundary element method (FDBEM) and viscous CFD (hybrid framework 2), and a novel hybrid numerical framework based on the functional decomposition model (hybrid framework 3), in which the propeller model is modelled using the iterative body-force model MOUM. The KCS container ship model, which has abundant available experimental data (including seakeeping tests in head and oblique waves, turning and zigzag maneuvering tests in calm water, and turning maneuvering tests in waves), is selected as the research subject. Firstly, these methodologies including a boundary wave-generation method, a FDBEM, and a SWENSE-based (Spectral Wave Explicit Navier-Stokes Equations) hybrid solver HUST-SWENSE are developed to address the issue of wave-induced motions and forces of ships in waves. HUST-SWENSE decomposes the total physical field into the incident field, obtained by potential flow theory, and the complementary field, solved by functional-decomposition single-phase level-set and RANS equations. A comprehensive convergence study of seakeeping performance using different mesh numbers of the hull and free surface for FDBEM is conducted to ensure accuracy and reliability. Additionally, a thorough numerical uncertainty analysis of ship motions in waves and turning circle in calm water for HUST-SWENSE is carried out. Then different seakeeping solvers for wave-ship interaction in head and oblique waves, as well as the body-force method MOUM in solving hull-propeller-rudder interaction, are validated. Finally, three hybrid numerical frameworks are constructed to solve the issue of ship maneuvering in waves. Results reveal that the hybrid framework 3 is an excellent alternative for predicting ship maneuvering in waves, with the same accuracy with framework 1 and the 75% improvement of computational efficiency. The hybrid framework 2 also exhibits great potential, as it improves computational efficiency by 95%.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 11 Sep 2023 11:41:22 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2238166</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Optimization of induction heating parameters for improving Self-healing performance of asphalt mixture through partial least square model</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2089789</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The self-healing capacity of asphalt mixture based on induction heating, determined by induction heating parameters, has been the key issue regarding asphalt mixture’s self-healing. This study tried to investigate how induction heating parameters determine asphalt mixture’s self-healing concerning parameters’ coupling effect. AC-13 asphalt mixtures consisting of steel fiber and steel slag were prepared for induction heating. Dynamic stability, low-temperature cracking resistance, and moisture stability were studied. Single-parameter (SP) method and multi-parameter (MP) method considering the coupling effect were separately used to achieve the optimum parameter combinations for improving the healing ratio (HR). A functional relationship by the MP method between HR and induction heating parameters was established based on partial least square through Data Processing System software (DPS). Results verified the coupling effect among parameters. Asphalt mixture with 8 % steel fiber content showed optimum pavement performance. The optimum parameter combination of SP method for HR was: 8 % steel fiber content, 5 mm, 180 s, and 16 kW for induction distance, time, and power respectively, and the optimum HR based on SP method was 69 %. The optimum parameter combination of MP method was: 8.8 %, 5 mm, 107 s, and 24 kW, while its predicted HR was 77 % and the actual HR was 75 %. Therefore, the MP method based on partial least square showed a greater improvement of HR than SP method, which proved that coupling effects of induction heating parameters affect asphalt mixture’s self-healing capacity.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 25 Jan 2023 09:19:24 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2089789</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Evaluation of contact angle between asphalt binders and aggregates using Molecular Dynamics (MD) method</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2064843</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The objectives of this study are to explore the mechanism of the self-healing or flow of asphalt binder on the surface of the aggregates and evaluate the contact angle between the asphalt binder and aggregates. The mastic samples (small size) were prepared with asphalt binder and fine aggregates of a small size (below 0.3 mm). The microscale dynamic X-ray tomography was used to observe the flow of asphalt binder in the mastic sample at 353.15 K (80 °C) using the Advanced Photon Source (APS) beamline 2-BM at Argonne National Laboratory. The activation energy for flow of the asphalt binder and the contact angle between the asphalt binder and aggregates were analyzed to explain the self-healing characteristics of the asphalt binder materials. The Molecular Dynamics (MD) method was employed to simulate the flow process of the molecules of asphalt binder at different temperatures and mimic the contact angle difference between the asphalt binder and aggregate models. Simultaneously, in the laboratory, the contact angle goniometer was selected to measure the contact angle between the asphalt binder droplet and aggregates at different temperatures. The results of tests and MD simulations show that (1) asphalt binder diffused after heating from the X-ray images, and the stages and mechanism of the flow process of asphalt binder on aggregates were investigated; (2) low contact angle was observed in the interface model of asphalt binder and aggregates at high temperatures using the MD method. The wetting condition changed from partial non-wetting to wetting after heating in the interface model; (3) contact angle results between the asphalt binder and aggregates demonstrated flow steps of the asphalt binder material. The test data was also compared with the MD simulation results at different temperatures.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 24 Jan 2023 09:31:41 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2064843</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Investigation of the self-healing and rejuvenating properties of aged asphalt mixture containing multi-cavity Ca-alginate capsules</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2065549</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Asphalt is one of the most widely used pavement materials, but is prone to ageing, creating cracks and further deterioration until failure. Self-healing capsules mixed into asphalt mixture can release agents to over time improve healing cracks and can effectively rejuvenate aged asphalt and extend the lifetime. In this paper, in order to explore the effect of Ca-alginate capsules on the self-healing and rejuvenating properties of aged asphalt concrete, and to clarify the mechanism of self-healing promotion, multi-cavity Ca-alginate self-healing capsules are mixed into dense asphalt concrete, and then exposed to thermal-oxidative accelerated ageing and ultraviolet ageing in laboratory. 3-point bending test and fracture-rest-refracture test are used to study the effect of self-healing capsules on mechanical properties and self-healing capability of aged asphalt mixture. The chemical component, rheological property and flow behavior of asphalt binders are used to demonstrate the rejuvenation of aged asphalt concrete. It is found that Calcium alginate capsules have little effect on the initial mechanical properties of the asphalt concrete, and ageing increases the stiffness of asphalt concrete with and without capsules and reduces their fracture energy. The capsules can effectively improve the strength healing rate and fracture energy healing rate of asphalt concrete. The aged asphalt concrete with capsules can also reach same self-healing level with ordinary virgin asphalt concrete without capsule. These are mainly because sunflower oil is released into the aged asphalt mortar after the capsules is broken, which increases the saturate and aromatic lost during the ageing process of the asphalt. It can effectively recover the rheological properties and flow property of aged asphalt binder, thereby improving the self-healing performance. Multi-cavity self-healing capsules enable in-situ rejuvenation of aged asphalt while healing cracks.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 24 Jan 2023 09:31:39 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2065549</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Effect of fiber reinforcement on self-healing ability of asphalt mixture induced by microwave heating</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2065215</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Microwave heating is considered to be an effective method for accelerating the healing of the asphalt mixture with cracks that contain microwave-absorbing materials. Three fibers as microwave-absorbing materials (i.e., carbon fiber, steel fiber and steel wool) were used to fabricate self-healing asphalt mixtures, and their mechanical properties and self-healing ability were evaluated by semi-circular bending test. Effect of freeze–thaw cycles on the mechanical properties and healing effect of fiber modified asphalt mixtures were investigated, and the different fiber reinforcing effects were studied by the digital image correlation. Results show that although the addition of fibers can greatly improve the mechanical properties and healing ability of mixtures, freeze–thaw cycles have great adverse effects on these performances. Among the three fibers, steel fiber has the strongest reinforcement effect on the fracture behavior of asphalt mixture, and its reinforcement effect and healing ability are also less affected by moisture and freeze–thaw effect than that of steel wool and carbon fiber. Carbon fiber modified asphalt mixture has the lowest fracture and freeze–thaw resistance. Considering the harmful impacts of freeze–thaw cycles and the beneficial impacts of fiber reinforcing effect, steel fiber is recommended for fabricating self-healing asphalt mixture.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 24 Jan 2023 09:31:39 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2065215</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Insight into the effects of waste vegetable oil on self-healing behavior of bitumen binder</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2077060</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The application of waste vegetable oil (WVO) in bitumen has been the subject of research for years, however, the self-healing behavior of WVO modified bitumen (WMB) has not been adequately reported. In this research, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and laboratory experiments were performed to reveal the effects of WVO on the self-healing behavior of bitumen. Models of base bitumen and WMB were constructed. Further, dynamic calculations were carried out for the self-healing models of base bitumen and WMB both with 10 Å microcracks. The energy properties, conformation and density of bitumen during the self-healing process were analyzed. Meanwhile, the effects of WVO on the fractional free volume (FFV) of bitumen, the distribution of bitumen components and the mobility of bitumen molecules were investigated. Finally, the modified fatigue-healing-fatigue (FHF) test was conducted to verify the effects of WVO on the self-healing efficiency of bitumen. Results show that Van der Waals forces drive the mobility of bitumen molecules. Along with the disappearance of the central microcrack, the density of the self-healing system gradually increases and finally reaches that of the bulk bitumen. WVO with superior mobility capacity increases the FFV of bitumen and converts asphaltene large aggregated structure into small aggregated structure, which facilitates the mobility of the bitumen during the self-healing process. Thus, the addition of WVO contributes to the self-healing efficiency of the bitumen. The modified FHF test also verified that the self-healing efficiency of bitumen is improved with the presence of WVO. These findings provide further insight into the self-healing behaviors of WMB.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 24 Jan 2023 09:31:38 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2077060</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Hydrodynamic optimization of a high-speed vessel by means of simulation-based design methodology</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2030619</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This study presents a simulation-based optimization procedure of a high-speed vessel. The presented procedure is applied on benchmark form Model 5365, a 1/8.25 scale model of the transom-stern, high-speed research vessel, R/V Athena. The procedure integrates parametric model generation, viscous numeric resistance analysis, and genetic algorithm evaluation. CAESES, a unique simulation-based design platform, is used to collect the process under one roof and handle the process automatically. The fully-parametric form is constructed by means of main characteristic curves, control curves, and various parameters to achieve quick-variation of hull forms. The numeric resistance analysis are performed via viscous flow solver and the calm-water total resistance force is defined as the optimization objective. The NSGA-II algorithm is used for evaluation of analysis results and regeneration of form variants, to achieve total resistance minimization. The optimization results show that the optimized hull form has lower resistance than Model 5365 form; a form variant with 2.02% total resistance reduction was obtained.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 31 Oct 2022 16:24:21 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2030619</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Analysis of viscous flow properties of styrene–butadiene–styrene-modified asphalt</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1944536</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Three styrene–butadiene–styrene (SBS, a block copolymer) modified asphalt samples with 5% SBS by weight were prepared using three types of common base asphalt to analyze the viscosity and viscous flow properties of SBS-modified asphalts. Rotational viscosity tests were conducted under various temperature and shear rate conditions, and the effects of the test conditions on the viscosity of the base and modified asphalt samples were analyzed. The viscous activation energy (Eη) and non-Newtonian index (n) were calculated using the Arrhenius equation and the power law equation, respectively. The temperature sensitivity and fluid properties were considered relative to Eη and n, respectively, based on which master curves were established to predict viscosity. The results indicate that various types of base asphalt show inconsistent temperature sensitivity and fluid properties after SBS modification. SBS can improve the temperature stability of B# asphalt; however, it has adverse effects on the A# and C# asphalts. Compared with the base asphalt, the n values of the SBS-modified asphalts are all lower than 1, indicating that the asphalt is converted from a Newtonian to non-Newtonian fluid and the non-Newtonian properties of various types of asphalt vary with temperature. Master curves can describe the responses of the SBS-modified asphalt viscosity to test the conditions that adequately predict the viscosity.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 19 May 2022 10:40:37 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1944536</guid>
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