<rss version="2.0" xmlns:atom="https://www.w3.org/2005/Atom">
  <channel>
    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
    <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
    <atom:link href="https://trid.trb.org/Record/RSS?s=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" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml" />
    <description></description>
    <language>en-us</language>
    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
    <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
    <image>
      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
      <url>https://trid.trb.org/Images/PageHeader-wTitle.jpg</url>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
    </image>
    <item>
      <title>Verification of the effectiveness of energy saving devices</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1600927</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Four examples for the verification of the effectiveness of energy saving devices by full-scale investigations are given. In each case, the power saving is predicted by model tests. Sometimes, these model tests are already regarded as verification of the gains. Nevertheless, usually sea trials are performed to investigate the prognosis in full-scale. For the given examples, the author has performed the measurements during the S/P trials. Analysis of the sea trial results and comparison with the model test results are presented. Finally, an assessment of the different verification methods is given.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 27 Jun 2019 14:00:02 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1600927</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>A real-time multisensor fusion verification framework for advanced driver assistance systems</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1595360</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper presents a novel approach for the verification of multisensor data fusion algorithms in complex automotive sensor networks. Multisensor fusion plays a central role in enhancing the interpretation of traffic situations, facilitating inferences and decision making. It has therefore been instrumental in the ongoing innovation of Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) which paves the way to autonomous driving. The authors introduce a real-time framework which can benchmark the performance of the fusion algorithms at the electronic system level using a Hardware-in-the-Loop (HiL) co-simulation. The presented research provides a quantitative approach for a trade-off between physical realism and computational efforts of the real-time synthetic simulation. The proposed framework illustrates a generic architecture of ADAS sensor error injection for robustness testing of the System under Test (SuT). The authors construct a lemniscate model for errors to find multivariate outliers with the Mahalanobis distance. A critical driving scenario considering road users in urban traffic describes the dynamic behaviour testability of the fusion algorithms. The industry-proven framework facilitates a functional verification of multisensor-fusion-based object detection precisely and more efficiently on the target electronic control unit (ECU) in the laboratory.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 29 Mar 2019 10:15:25 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1595360</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>A Methodology for Formal Requirements Validation and Automatic Test Generation and Application to Aerospace Systems</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1571361</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Automation on Validation and Verification (V&V) leveraging Formal Methods, and in particular Model Checking, is seeing an increasing use in the Aerospace domain. In recent years, Formal Methods have been used to verify systems and software and its correctness as a way to augment traditional methods relying on simulation and testing. Recent updates to the relevant Aerospace regulations (e.g. DO178C, DO331 and DO333) now have explicit provisions for utilization of models and formal methods. In a previous paper a compositional methodology for the verification of Aerospace Systems has been described with application to Electrical Power Generation and Distribution Systems. In this paper we present an expansion of the previous work in two directions. First, we describe the application of the methodology to the validation of Proximity Sensing Systems (PSS) requirements showing the effectiveness of the method to a new aerospace domain. Second, both the methodology and technology components have been expanded and applied to the PSS to enable automatic generation of test cases from the validated requirements models showing a novel application of formal models in an integrated process and toolset in new areas of application in the context of the Aerospace Domain.       ]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 31 Dec 2018 15:27:46 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1571361</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Grouting 2017: Grouting, Drilling, and Verification</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1558208</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Papers from sessions of Grouting 2017, the Fifth International Conference on Grouting, held in Honolulu, Hawaii, July 9–12, 2017. Sponsored by the International Conference Organization for Grouting (ICOG) and the Geo-Institute of ASCE. This Geotechnical Special Publication contains 39 peer-reviewed papers on design, assessment, construction, verification, and quality assurance in laboratory and field studies. Topics include: design and assessment in grouting; verification, quality assurance, and control; development of bio-based grouting; and best practices for challenging conditions and extreme temperatures. GSP 288 will be useful to geotechnical practitioners, construction supervisors, researchers, and others involved in the planning and implementation of grouting and deep mixing programs.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 04 Dec 2018 10:11:32 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1558208</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Flight control system failure modeling and verification based on SPIN</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1530003</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In the safety-critical systems domain, model-based safety analysis is an increasingly popular approach for failure assessment and verification, which utilizes model checking to verify whether there exist failures and their combinations in system that can lead to hazards. As a formal method, model checking explores the state space of a system model automatically to verify whether it meets safety requirements. Based on a highly-process description language called Promela, SPIN is an efficient model checker that can build system model to describe system's execution and perform random or interactive simulations to identify the failure hazards in system. Flight Control System (FCS) is one of the safety-critical systems in aircraft. This paper proposed a method that can be used to analyze through model checking whether there are potential failures and their combinations in FCS that can lead to hazards. The system model which is described by Promela is constructed in SPIN platform based on the control logic of FCS, and the subsystems in the FCS are abstracted for processes interacting with each other. The properties to be verified are defined by Linear Temporal Logic (LTL) formulas. The potential combinations of failures in FCS can be identified by analyzing the counter-examples produced by model checking, and the accident paths that lead to the hazard of FCS can be found as well. Results of SPIN model checker show that the proposed method can be effectively used to verify and find the combinations of failures that lead to the hazard in FCS.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 15 Aug 2018 17:29:16 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1530003</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Debunking fake news in a post-truth era: The plausible untruths of cost underestimation in transport infrastructure projects</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1515443</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The methodology, analysis, and the unfounded conclusions presented in the paper “Underestimating costs in public works projects: error or lie?” by Flyvbjerg, Holm, and Buhl (2002), published in the Journal of the American Planning Association are critically questioned. Flyvbjerg, Holm, and Buhl attribute the cause of cost underestimation in transport infrastructure projects to delusion (optimism bias) and deception (strategic misrepresentation). The bifurcation of the cost underestimation problem into error or lie presents a false dichotomy – an either/or choice that is invalid when juxtaposed with the real-world nature of procuring large infrastructure assets. Put simply, the conclusions presented by Flyvbjerg, Holm, and Buhl are akin to being fake news. Unfortunately, the persistent reverberation of these convenient narratives and factoids in both academia and media has led to these explanations becoming an accepted norm. In this paper, the claims made by Flyvbjerg, Holm, and Buhl are debunked. A call is made for policy-makers to embrace and utilize evidence-based research so that informed decisions about capital cost estimates and potential risks can be better ascertained at the front-end of major transport infrastructure projects.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 27 Jun 2018 10:42:11 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1515443</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Positive Train Control Test Bed Verification</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1512287</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Transportation Technology Center, Inc. (TTCI) deployed the Advanced Civil Speed Enforcement System (ACSES) and the Interoperable Train Control (ITC) system on the Railroad Test Track (RTT) at the Transportation Technology Center (TTC) in Pueblo, CO, where the implementation of the PTC Test Bed successfully verified and satisfied the system requirements of Positive Train Control (PTC). TTCI achieved this between June 2013 and March 2017 through a combination of tests as well as a demonstration using PTC systems in test programs associated with the North American railroad industry.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 28 May 2018 09:48:59 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1512287</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Verification and validation of simulations in a rail vehicle certification context</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1502749</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This article presents recent progress in the application of validation methodologies for the assessment of rail vehicle dynamics by computer simulation. Peculiarities of vehicles’ on-track tests, which represent the experiments, used for model validation, are discussed and the terms validation as well as application domain are introduced. This is followed by a comparison of recently suggested validation metrics for rail vehicle models. The validation approach developed in the DynoTRAIN project and introduced in EN 14363:2016 is applied to investigate the impact of signal synchronization and to evaluate new findings regarding the effect of section selection used for the validation. The DynoTRAIN validation methodology shows a small sensitivity to the inaccuracy of the signals synchronization. The result of this model validation assessment remains either ‘validated’ or ‘not validated,’ rather independently of the selected set of test sections. This confirms the robustness of the DynoTRAIN validation approach.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 28 Mar 2018 10:53:21 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1502749</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>DCTA Transit Car Testing: Static Truck Characterization</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1493786</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This report discusses the Static Truck Characterization of the Dade County Transportation Administration (DCTA) Transit Car. This special engineering test was conducted in conjunction with General Vehicle Testing of the DCTA car at the Transportation Test Center near Pueblo, Colorado, from October 1982 to March 1983. Static Truck Characterization, described here, is an adjunct test series done to verify the manufacturer's specifications and to evaluate vehicle performance in stability, curving, and ride. The characterization data are used to develop mathematical models and provide a basis for study and comparison of performance parameters throughout the service life of the truck.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 23 Jan 2018 15:19:30 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1493786</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Virtual FMEA and Its Application to Software Verification of Electric Power Steering System</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1461865</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper presents the “Virtual Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (vFMEA)” system, which is a high-fidelity electrical-failure-simulation platform, and applies it to the software verification of an electric power steering (EPS) system. The vFMEA system enables engineers to dynamically inject a drift fault into a circuit model of the electronic control unit (ECU) of an EPS system, to analyze system-level failure effects, and to verify software-implemented safety mechanisms, which consequently reduces both cost and time of development. The vFMEA system can verify test cases that cannot be verified using an actual ECU and can improve test coverage as well. It consists of a cycle-accurate microcontroller model with mass-production software implemented in binary format, analog and digital circuit models, mechanical models, and a state-triggered fault-injection mechanism. In this paper, the vFMEA method was applied to the verification of the safety mechanisms implemented on an ECU of an EPS system. It was revealed that the software-implemented safety mechanism detected the drift fault injected into a current monitor circuit in the ECU and shut down the system properly as designed. This means that the software was verified with the vFMEA method for the case of a drift fault as well as an open fault and a short fault. In addition, a simulation result was compared with the experimental ones using an actual ECU in the case of a sinusoidal steering input. It was also revealed that motor torque for driver assistance gives results within range of the experimental ones. Therefore, we confirmed the validity of the vFMEA system as a simulation platform for safety-mechanism verification.       ]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 29 Aug 2017 10:07:38 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1461865</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Virtual Development for In-Vehicle Network Topology – A Case Study of CAN FD Physical Layer</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1461832</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In-vehicle network communication is evolving faster speeds and higher performance capabilities, connecting the information possessed by ECU and sensors with the in-vehicle electronic systems which are continuing to develop. With the evolution of the complicated networks, it is becoming difficult to develop them without many verification of actual machine. On the other hand, as for the verification means required at the logic level or physical level for a network verification through ECU design, virtual verification in the whole vehicle is difficult due to speed increases and the sheer size of the system. Therefore, it is only applicable for systems which are limited to a domain or an area, and flexible and timely utilization would be difficult due to the changes in specifications. Our approach to provide for the further advancement of the electronics design is to build a simulation environment for the network topology verification with a physical layer and a network layer in the OSI reference model. This paper will explain the verification technique of the bus load in the network layer and the ringing in the physical layer used to arrive at the recommended in-vehicle network topology.       ]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 29 Aug 2017 10:07:20 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1461832</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Criteria-Driven Approach in Automotive Software Development – Integrating Concepts of Formal Methods with Testing</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1461817</link>
      <description><![CDATA[We propose a verification method in the field of automotive control systems integrating the concepts of Formal Methods with testing, aiming at efficient and reliable software development. Although Formal Methods are believed to provide the benefits of their rigorous nature and their inherent capability of automation, only limited cases are known where Formal Methods were applied in system and software development, in practice, due to two major difficulties: appropriate abstraction in modeling and scalability in automated reasoning. Focusing on testing on the other hand, there is the difficulty of selecting reasonable set of tests for given verification objectives. In order to overcome these difficulties, our approach is to present verification criteria for testing to appropriately cover the property with the help of the Formal Method concepts. From the consistency with respect to the abstraction level of models between generic property (such as controllability) and underlying assumptions, we derive test coverage that covers the models and the assumptions. Based on a case study using a set of the artifact of a product system, we propose a criteria-driven approach with potential benefits in that we expect to gain the practical efficiency of testing the automotive control systems with the concept of model-checking.       ]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 29 Aug 2017 10:07:17 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1461817</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>An Overview of the V&amp;V of Flight-Critical Systems Effort at NASA</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1432094</link>
      <description><![CDATA[As the US is getting ready for the Next Generation (NextGen) of Air Traffic System, there is a growing concern that the current techniques for verification and validation will not be adequate for the changes to come. The JPDO (in charge of implementing NextGen) has given NASA a mandate to address the problem and it resulted in the formulation of the V&V of Flight-Critical Systems effort. This research effort is divided into four themes: argument-based safety assurance, distributed systems, authority and autonomy, and, software intensive systems. This paper presents an overview of the technologies that will address the problem.       ]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 09 Jan 2017 11:11:46 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1432094</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Scenario-Based Modeling of the On-Board of a Satellite-Based Train Control System With Colored Petri Nets</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1429288</link>
      <description><![CDATA[For the goal of model-based system design and development, this paper exploits the formalism of colored Petri nets (CPNs) to model the on-board subsystem of a satellite-based train control system on the basis of scenarios. The Unified Modeling Language sequence diagrams, which are easily understood by customers, requirement engineers, and software developers, are used to represent scenarios as specification models. A scenario is a partial description of the system behavior, describing how users, system components, and the environment interact. Thus, scenarios need to be synthesized to obtain an overall system behavior. A large number of works have investigated scenario synthesis providing approaches or algorithms. These synthesis approaches and algorithms result in either Petri net models that are mainly suitable for scenario validation or other forms of behavior models (e.g., labeled transition systems and statecharts) that may be regarded as design models. Petri nets are well known for describing distributed and concurrent systems. Furthermore, numerous techniques, e.g., simulation, testing, state-space-based techniques, structural methods, and model checking, are currently available for analyzing PN models. Therefore, design models, which integrate all scenarios into a coherent whole suitable for further detailed design, in the form of Petri nets are promising. To this end, the authors present a top-down approach to establish hierarchical CPNs in accordance with specified scenarios (i.e., sequence diagrams). This approach makes use of explicitly labeling component states in the sequence diagrams to correlate scenarios. In addition, the techniques of state-space analysis and model-based testing are employed to verify the correctness and consistency of the CPN model with respect to standard and system-specific properties. The verification results show that the authors' approach is desirable.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 21 Nov 2016 13:24:50 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1429288</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Monitor-based Temporal Properties Checking of Train Control Systems with Quantitative Constraints</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1349321</link>
      <description><![CDATA[As train control systems being more complex and intelligent, ensuring their correctness and safety becomes increasingly problematic. This paper proposes a monitor-based approach to checking a system against its formal requirements with quantitative temporal constraints at runtime. This approach may complement the current use of conventional verification techniques, and also opens up the possibility to act whenever incorrect system behaviors are detected. Case studies from train control domain show that our runtime properties checking technique could be applied online to provide extra guarantees for a running system, or applied during development to find bugs.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 28 Apr 2015 08:37:35 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1349321</guid>
    </item>
  </channel>
</rss>