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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
    <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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      <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
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    <item>
      <title>Experimental Study of the Effect of Tire Pressure and Cab Height of a Tractor-Trailer Driver on Driving Comfort</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2610782</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The work concerns the study of the influence of the driver's cabin and tire pressure settings on the driving comfort in a semi-trailer tractor, assessed by analyzing vibrations at the base of the driver's seat during the transport of mining spoil. The following configurations were considered: a tractor with nominal cabin height and tire pressure settings, a raised cabin, and increased tire pressure. Driving comfort was assessed based on the difference between the maximum and minimum vertical acceleration and the determined RMS (Root Mean Square) and PSD (Power Spectral Density) indicators. From the ride comfort perspective, the lowest RMS values were for the vehicle with correctly set suspension and tire pressure. PSD analysis indicated the dominance of vibrations with a frequency of 1-3 Hz, which have a large impact on travel comfort.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 28 Oct 2025 13:42:26 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2610782</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>An adaptive multi-objective optimization method for structure-connection-performance design of commercial vehicle cab</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2596677</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A variable screening-approximate model-adaptive multi-optimization algorithm integrated method is proposed to solve the high-dimensional nonlinear problems for lightweight optimization of cabs. Firstly, a full-parametric body-in-white model of the cab is established using implicit parameterization technology, and the simulation analysis of the bending and torsional stiffness, natural modal characteristics, and passive safety are established. Then, considering the structure and connection process parameters, the design variables are screened based on a gray relational analysis-TOPSIS (GRA-TOPSIS). Finally, integrated multi-objective optimization of cab structure-connection-performance is carried out by an adaptive RBF neural network optimization method, and the optimal solution is determined by the GRA-TOPSIS method. Compared with the initial model, the mass of cab is reduced by 3.28% after optimization design. It provides guidance for the lightweight design of body.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 25 Sep 2025 09:31:13 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2596677</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Leakage and dispersion characteristics of hydrogen from hydrogen storage system of fuel cell truck</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2577185</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The hydrogen storage system of the fuel cell truck (FCT) is arranged in a semi-confined cabin. The hydrogen disperses quickly and accumulates during a leak, raising safety concerns. Studies on the hydrogen leakage and diffusion behaviours are important to ensure hydrogen safety. The analyses on the influence of leak rate, leak orifice location, ambient wind velocity and direction on the characteristics of hydrogen dispersion are conducted in this paper. The results indicate that the flammable region and hydrogen concentration at detecting points increase with leak rate. The leak path is significantly influenced by the obstacles. An extensive cloud of hydrogen easily accumulates on the top and bottom of the cabin when the leakage orifice faces the wall of the cabin. A more narrow profile of hydrogen cloud distributes and the hydrogen at the top of the cabin disperses effectively driven by the wind.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 08 Sep 2025 14:54:44 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2577185</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Usability, Habitability and Cab Performance in Heavy Surface Mining Trucks</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2408038</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A study is presented focusing on the set of variables associated with the link between cognitive aspects, usability and fatigue in the context of the safe operation of heavy vehicles in a surface coal mine, in order to understand how driving performance is affected and the reduction of perceptual activity capacity in the detection of tasks associated with driving. Method: A multi-method approach was used where human activity recognition (HAR) was incorporated to analyze data from different sensor sources to identify activity-related features of a person. The study was developed in a surface mine with the participation of 37 drivers with a mean age of 37.4 years (STDV. 9.6), the study covered a shift design of 12 h duration and in sequence 3 Day, 4 Night by three recovery shifts. Systematic observation sessions and data recording were carried out. Results: The various data recorded show that the usability possibilities of the cabins in terms of driver performance is closely related to the influence of aspects of geometry and composition of the cabs on the one hand and on the other hand with the cumulative effects of working time, i.e. it is not only to understand the impact of the 12-h shift and its effects on the modification of metabolic aspects and sleep hygiene of drivers, to explain the problem of driving performance, it must also consider an aspect that influences performance such as sleep debt.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 27 Dec 2024 15:28:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2408038</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Optimization of Truck Driver Cab Ergonomic for Commercial Truck Based on Ramsis: Enhancing Driver Comfort and Safety</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2452578</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The research uses ergonomic philosophy and RAMSIS tool to improve the assessment of driver position in the commercial truck cab and structures 28 different person figure patterns of changing sexual category and dimensions. Primarily, factors like H30 and H-point X-axis travel (L95) were established based on truck category, program, and benchmark truck statistics. Seat spine angle, seat slide rail inclination and ankle comfort angle were set. Afterwards, RAMSIS tool is exercised to construct a 3D simulation for modelling driver position, and the cab arrangement is improved based on ergonomic assessment findings. Subsequently, an examination of spatial and reachability is carried out to guarantee that essential elements like the steering wheel and operating handles are easily accessible. Then Evaluators are systematically arranged to perform subjective assessments of the driving cab in order to validate the efficacy of the optimization plan. After conducting objective analysis and subjective analysis, the most effective optimization strategy involves shifting the steering wheel position back by 25 mm and up by 8 mm, along with moving the seat slide rail forward by 20 mm. This strategy enhances the convenience of drivers with varying heights and sitting positions while driving, thereby fulfilling the driving needs of most individuals. This research offers significant insights for the ergonomic design of Commercial Truck cab and validates the precision of RAMSIS simulation outcomes.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 11 Dec 2024 10:39:05 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2452578</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Research on prediction and optimization of low-frequency noise in loader cabs</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2437606</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Low-frequency noise caused by structural vibration has a significant impact on the comfort of wheel loader drivers. To reduce the adverse effects of vibration noise on drivers and improve their comfort, this study proposes a low-noise structural optimization method based on an approximate model. To accurately obtain the vibration noise data of the wheel loader’s driver cab, a designed experiment was conducted to collect vibration and internal noise data under specific working conditions. The frequency response method and panel acoustic contribution analysis method were used to analyze the structural vibration characteristics and acoustic response characteristics of the driver cab, respectively. The panels that have a significant impact on the vibration noise of the driver cab were identified, and their thicknesses were defined as design variables to establish an optimization model. Meanwhile, a response surface method was used to construct an approximate model, and the NSGA-II algorithm (Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm-II) was used to solve the optimization model and obtain the optimized driver cab structure. The results show that the maximum noise peak (117 Hz) of the loader cab was successfully reduced by 2.9 dB after optimization. This result demonstrates the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed method.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 05 Dec 2024 09:38:10 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2437606</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Evaluation of Habituation to Alerts in Locomotive Cabs</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2427788</link>
      <description><![CDATA[From September 2019 to May 2022, the Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) funded KEA Technologies Inc. to conduct a pilot study using a rail simulator to determine whether engineers can become habituated to auditory alerts while operating a locomotive. Habituation, in this case, is a behavior where the engineer becomes less responsive to an alarm or alert because of its highly repeated or too frequent sounding. Because of habituation, the design and presentation of alarms and alerts to the engineer and how he/she responds becomes an important safety issue. The team completed a short series of pilot studies with a limited number of engineer participants using FRA’s Cab Technology Integration Lab. However, in the studies, the team did not observe habituation behavior. While conducting the studies in a simulated environment offered more controlled settings, further observations aboard locomotives in actual operational settings is recommended.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 15 Sep 2024 17:48:23 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2427788</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>External Perception for Locomotives: Final System and Algorithm Development Report</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2350691</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The Federal Railroad Administration sponsored a research team from Aurora Flight Sciences to develop the External Perception for Locomotives (ExP-L) system, which uses the FRA Cab Technology Integration Lab (CTIL) to demonstrate prototype object operator augmentation. The system can detect and localize objects of interest in and around the track, interpret the state of the detected objects to determine if there is any urgent and actionable information, and communicate this information to the operator. Similar to adaptive cruise control in modern cars, the system provides information to the operator allowing them to actively monitor the environment, fight distraction and fatigue, detect potential obstructions, and determine the best course of action. This algorithm achieved 71 percent accuracy while running at 10 frames per second in FRA’s CTIL. The approach and lessons learned from this program can be leveraged to transition the system for use in an operational locomotive. The existing CTIL-based system also can be used for human factors research to refine the human/machine interface to a point where it is most useful for engineers and conductors.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 12 Mar 2024 11:04:43 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2350691</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Development of a Cab Suspension for a 4 × 2 Semi-truck</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1973376</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In this paper, within the scope of a competitive product development process in accordance with customer demands and ISO comfort standards, development of the cab suspension system for a 4 × 2 semi-truck is presented. In the first part of the study, benchmark vehicles were selected due to the customer demands. Cab comfort evaluation tests were applied to these vehicles. By this way proper ranges of the design targets were determined. Subsequently a first level (or mule) prototype of the vehicle was produced. The acceleration and displacement data are collected from the cab and the chassis of the first level prototype. By using nCode Glyphworks commercial software, these data were refined to create the input functions for the Adams/Car™-based multibody dynamics (MBD) cab suspension model. Virtual acceleration and displacement data were also collected via the MBD model and correlated with the data obtained from the first level prototype. After the model verification, a design of experiments (DOE)-based optimization study was performed via Adams®/Insight commercial software to achieve required characteristic curves which satisfy design targets. With the use of new suspension system features, second level prototype was also produced and validation tests are performed. After verification of suspension characteristic, dynamic response of the cab was evaluated with respect to ISO 2361 comfort criteria. By using the absorbed suspension energy method, comfortable working durations for driver were determined according to ISO 8608 road profiles.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 05 Jan 2024 14:29:02 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1973376</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Prediction, Validation, and Improvement of Panel Sound Transmission Loss of Agricultural Equipment Cab</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2173438</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A typical cab used on agriculture machines is made up of a metal frame structure with large enclosing panels of glass, plastic, and metal. Acoustic treatments such as coatings, textiles and foams are used within the cab for aesthetics but also to mediate undesired noise. To develop effective designs for the cab to combat noise, accurate tools for measurement, and predictive methods for sound transmission loss are needed. This paper focuses on Sound Transmission Loss (STL) of the rear upper panel of a cab used in agriculture machines. Results from CAE based tools such as Statistical Energy Analysis (SEA), Finite Element Analysis (FEA) and Hybrid FE-SEA methods are compared to measurements. The panel studied included features such as curvature, deep drawn beads with a glass window and a damping coating. The simulation results are refined by incorporating methods for accurate modeling of ribs stiffness, curvature effect and radiation efficiency by synthetic modal approach. The STL predicted by this improved model correlate well with the data from test. This modeling methodology is further used to model various panels and build SEA model of the complete cab.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 23 May 2023 09:26:33 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2173438</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Issues and Opportunities with Driver-Facing Cameras</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2150879</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This report discusses the results of three surveys regarding the use of in-cab driver-facing cameras (DFCs). A survey of 2,100 truck drivers examined DFC usage by truck drivers, drivers' perception of DFC safety impact, and how road-facing cameras compare to DFCs. Current users' overall approval of DFCs was 2.24 on a 10-point scale, however, when DFC footage is used proactively for safety, driver approval increased by 87%.  A survey of transportation defense attorneys looked at legal factors related to in-cab cameras and the role of DFC footage in litigation. A survey of insurance professionals focused on in-cab cameras and insurance policies and claims management. The report concludes with recommendations to address DFC concerns such as privacy issues and confusion over the use of DFC footage.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 24 Apr 2023 09:50:42 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2150879</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>The Effect of Tram Driver’s Cab Design on Posture and Physical Strain</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1972637</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The ergonomic quality of a tram driver’s cab is essential to ensure the physical well-being of the drivers and the general attractiveness of the workplace. We investigated the ergonomic quality of the cabs of two different trams in a field study during real operation. The results show that the experienced physical strain differs significantly between the two trams. A video analysis relates this to different posture and movement patterns. The main factor for these differences is the position of the main control panel, which needs to comply with visibility requirements according to DIN 5566. However, our study shows that an ergonomic workplace cannot be accomplished by only pursuing isolated factors, instead the interaction of all relevant factors has to be considered.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 21 Apr 2023 09:51:59 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1972637</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Research on the Comfortable Joint Angle for Chinese Automobile Drivers</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1973037</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This study used the Vicon motion capture system to record the spatial positions of the points and to obtain the range of five joint angles in comfortable driving positions for Chinese men and women. The data could provide basic reference data for the establishment of the human body template to do the ergonomic verification of Chinese automobile cab.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 22 Feb 2023 09:57:44 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1973037</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Investigation on Driving Posture and Operating Habits of Heavy Truck Drivers</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1973035</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Ergonomic design of heavy truck cabs has a significant impact on road safety and driver health. In the design phase of the cab, a full understanding of the driver’s driving posture and operating habits is the necessary foundation for the human-machine interface design and the requisite guarantee of a good driving experience. However, at present, in the design of heavy truck cabs in China, insufficient consideration is given to the driving habits of drivers, resulting in poor ergonomics and user experience complaint. Through interviews and questionnaire surveys with heavy truck drivers with the static method of significance testing, this article investigated and analyzed the characteristics of professional truck drivers’ driving postures and the frequency of operating actions which provides improvements suggestion to the ergonomic design and the driving experience of the truck.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 22 Feb 2023 09:57:44 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1973035</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Adaptive cabin suspension systems of commercial vehicles: a review of the state-of-art and future trends</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1991509</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper reviews past studies on active and semi-active cabin suspension systems of commercial vehicles and highlights future research potentials. The development history of the cabin suspension is firstly introduced. Then, the three standard configurations on the market of the cabin suspension are discussed and compared, known as front, rear, and full cabin suspension systems. After that, an overview of cabin suspension control strategies in the literature is presented. Specifically, skyhook control, various optimal control, road adaptive control, and their combined approaches are discussed and compared. After thoroughly summarizing past studies, some research topics which deserve further investigation are introduced.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 26 Sep 2022 09:10:07 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1991509</guid>
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