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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
    <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
    <atom:link href="https://trid.trb.org/Record/RSS?s=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" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml" />
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    <language>en-us</language>
    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
    <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
    <image>
      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
      <url>https://trid.trb.org/Images/PageHeader-wTitle.jpg</url>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
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    <item>
      <title>Comparison of Formability Performance Between CR550LA and CR590DP</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2691960</link>
      <description><![CDATA[While rapid development of advanced high strength steels (AHSS) for a safer and lighter vehicle has been a primary focus in the automotive industry, the application of traditional high strength low alloy (HSLA) steel continues to be actively supported and developed. AHSS are often used to replace HSLA steels for downgauging while maintaining similar or better performance in crashworthiness and durability. However, recent developments have enabled the availability of higher strength, cold-rolled HSLA steels that could offer opportunities for a more balanced solution between material cost and material performance. Certain higher strength HSLA steels not only offer a cost-effective way to increase the strength-to-weight ratio but also provide comparable formability and better weldability to AHSS.In this study, cold rolled HSLA grades of CR420LA and CR550LA are evaluated in overall formability and in-use performance when compared to CR590 dual phase (DP) grade. The evaluations performed include both global and local formability tests such as forming limit curve (FLC) testing, true fracture strain, half specimen dome and hole expansion tests. Experimental results indicate that CR550LA tends to have a slightly better local formability but slightly lower global formability than CR590DP. The results demonstrate these higher strength, cold-rolled HSLA steels can potentially be used to replace CR590DP for certain components.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 30 Apr 2026 16:39:45 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2691960</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>A Vehicle-Integrated Validation Method for Weather-Strip Sealing Performance in Automotive Closure Systems</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2691955</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Weather-strip sealing systems are critical to automotive closure performance, influencing water- and dust-tightness, aerodynamic noise control, and overall NVH quality. Conventional validation often relies on flat or straight JIG-based tests that inadequately represent the curved, angled, and non-uniform geometries of real closures such as doors, tailgates, hoods, roofs, and fixed or movable glass. This disparity limits the predictive accuracy of sealing performance in actual vehicles.This study proposes a vehicle-integrated validation framework that mirrors true geometric and contact conditions. The methodology combines finite element analysis (FEA) of both flat JIG and full-vehicle CAD geometries with experimental JIG tests, establishing a baseline for pressure distribution, compression load, and sealing contact behavior. A comparative analysis highlights significant deviations between flat-section predictions and vehicle-specific closure profiles. Results demonstrate that the integrated method more accurately reflects sealing efficiency, sound transmission loss, and long-term deformation, offering improved reliability for early-stage NVH optimization and product qualification. The findings recommend incorporating vehicle-profile-based validation into standard development practice for automotive weather-strips.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 30 Apr 2026 16:39:45 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2691955</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Development and Implementation of a Serial Production Cyber-Physical System: A Closed Quality Loop for Transportable Positioning Devices in an Automotive Body-in-White Process</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2684065</link>
      <description><![CDATA[For automotive manufacturers, one of the biggest technological challenges is producing different variants on the same production line. At the body-in-white shop at the Magna complete vehicle plant in Graz, this is achieved using transportable positioning devices. They serve as part carriers and adapters between different products, while geometrically aligning them throughout the process. Geometrical deviations in these devices can negatively impact product quality throughout the vehicle assembly value chain. This paper presents the development and implementation of components for a patented closed quality loop that mitigates the effects of deviating positioning devices in real time. Challenges and insights gained from the brownfield implementation into serial production are discussed. Four key modules for automating quality control processes are introduced, providing a basis for future research on cyber-physical systems aimed at achieving zero-defect manufacturing: integrated capture of process and product data, automated analytics, automated decision-making and autonomous process intervention.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 27 Apr 2026 15:01:18 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2684065</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Benchmarking of motion planning algorithms in the field of automatic vehicle disassembly with industrial robots</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2693047</link>
      <description><![CDATA[To promote environmental sustainability and economic efficiency, the recycling of end-of-life (EoL) vehicles has become a significant industrial activity. The large-scale production of new vehicles necessitates the automation of this recycling process, with robotic solutions emerging as a promising approach. However, this shift introduces new challenges for robotic systems, as disassembly tasks are inherently less predictable and more complex than traditional assembly processes due to the varied conditions of EoL vehicles. This variability places stringent demands on motion planning for industrial robots. This study addresses these challenges by constructing a virtual environment that simulates vehicle disassembly for evaluating motion planning algorithms across diverse scenarios. The research investigates the specific demands placed on motion planners and proposes a set of metrics to assess the quality of the generated trajectories. Additionally, it benchmarks several well-known motion planners using synthetic scenes inspired by real-world use cases, contributing a practical assessment of their performance in this application.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 27 Apr 2026 15:01:14 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2693047</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>CFD analysis of exhaust flow for reducing soot stains on railcar body surfaces</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2659423</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Diesel railcars are widely used in rail transport, particularly in rural areas, because of their ability to operate without overhead power lines. However, the exhaust gas emitted by diesel railcars can cause soot stains on the car body surface, which requires regular cleaning. In this study, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations were conducted to investigate the effects of roof equipment and exhaust pipe configurations on the exhaust flow around a car body. Unsteady flow analysis was performed using delayed detached eddy simulation. The exhaust flow from the exhaust pipe was simulated using a non-isothermal flow based on the Boussinesq approximation. The velocity profiles obtained by CFD were validated against wind tunnel test results. The CFD results showed that the exhaust gas emitted into a cavity consisting of roof equipment caused soot staining on the car body surface. This study proposes an appropriate location for the exhaust outlet, in which the flow velocity normalised to the train speed was higher than 0.7 to reduce soot stains on the surface.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 21 Apr 2026 08:28:11 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2659423</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Design and Simulation Analysis of an Integrated Honeycomb-Filled Front Bumper for a Special Vehicle</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2692129</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In frontal collisions of automobiles, the bumper beam at the front of the vehicle plays a crucial role in absorbing energy and protecting the vehicle body during a collision. To enhance the collision resistance of a specific type of special vehicle with a non-load-bearing body structure, this paper focuses on this type of vehicle and conducts a study on the design and collision performance of an integrated vehicle front bumper - anti-collision beam structure based on aluminum alloy additive manufacturing technology. A novel bumper structure is proposed, which integrates the front bumper and the front anti-collision beam of the vehicle and is integrally formed using aluminum alloy additive manufacturing technology. This integrated structure is directly connected to the vehicle frame. Firstly, based on the appearance of the special vehicle body and the form of the front anti-collision beam of traditional passenger vehicles, an integrated design of the vehicle front bumper- anti-collision beam structure is carried out and connected to the vehicle body. Subsequently, based on the previous bumper design, a honeycomb structure is introduced internally, and the introduced honeycomb structure is integrally formed with the front bumper. Finally, finite element simulation analysis of two types of frontal bumper collisions under the same collision conditions is conducted. The results show that the initial integrated front bumper can achieve basic anti-collision beam functions, while the front bumper with a honeycomb composite structure can improve the transmission path of collision force, ensure stable deformation, significantly enhance the energy absorbed during a collision, and increase the specific energy absorption, indicating that the integrated honeycomb-filled front bumper can effectively enhance the collision resistance of special vehicles.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 14 Apr 2026 15:11:24 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2692129</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Aerodynamic Development of Maruti Suzuki Victoris</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2692042</link>
      <description><![CDATA[MSIL (Maruti Suzuki India Limited), India’s leading automotive manufacturer, offers a diverse range of SUVs (Sports Utility Vehicles) in its portfolio. Traditionally, SUVs are associated with an assertive stance and a commanding road presence; however, this bold design language often compromises aerodynamic drag performance. Over the past decade, demand for this segment has surged, while CAFE (Corporate Average Fuel Economy) regulations have become increasingly stringent. To address this growing market need, MSIL conceptualized a new SUV - Victoris - targeted to deliver best-in-class aerodynamic efficiency in MSIL SUV portfolio. This paper details the aerodynamic development process using CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) and full-scale WTT (Wind Tunnel Testing). Initially, the aggressive styling of Victoris negatively impacted drag performance. Strategic exterior surface refinements and integration of aero components enabled recovery of aerodynamic efficiency. Key interventions included redesigned front and rear bumpers, roof-end treatment, quarter spoiler profiling, bumper corner vents, and aero-cut alloy wheels. Victoris successfully retained its bold styling while meeting ambitious aerodynamic targets. The optimized aerodynamic silhouette comprising hood-to-windshield transition, roof contouring, backdoor spoiler, and side body profiling - along with underbody elements such as covers, strakes, and air curtains improved drag performance by 14% compared to the initial design. Achieving this improvement required significant shape modifications and aero part additions without compromising SUV identity. This paper explains how these measures were implemented and the resulting airflow characteristics.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 14 Apr 2026 15:11:23 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2692042</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Integrated Welding Simulation and Experimental Characterization of Weld-Metal and Heat-Affected-Zone Strength in AA6063-T6</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2691965</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In the context of automotive lightweighting and efficient manufacturing, welding is a key joining method for aluminum body structures due to its maturity, versatility, and cost effectiveness. This study investigates MIG butt welding of AA6063-T6 sheets using a sequential thermo-mechanical finite element model with a double-ellipsoid heat source. Thermocouple histories and macroscopic metallography of the weld-pool morphology are used to validate the predicted temperature field, and post-weld deformation measured by a coordinate measuring machine is compared with the simulation to confirm overall model reliability. Hardness mapping across the joint partitions the material into weld metal (WM), heat-affected zone (HAZ), and base metal (BM). Miniature tensile specimens extracted along the weld provide local mechanical properties, from which linear strength–hardness relations are established. Building on these results, a five-material equivalent strength model covering WM, HAZ-I, HAZ-II, HAZ-III, and BM is formulated to enable region-wise elastoplastic parameter assignment. The model reproduces the load–displacement response of transverse joint tests and accurately identifies necking in HAZ-II. An integrated workflow that combines simulation, measurement, property characterization, and modeling provides robust support for weld-strength assessment and process optimization in aluminum body structures.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 14 Apr 2026 15:11:22 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2691965</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>An Image-Derived Multimodal Framework for Automotive Tire Exterior Noise Prediction</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2691949</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This study presents an image-derived multimodal AI framework for early-stage tire noise evaluation. The proposed model requires only multi-angle photographs captured by a standard smartphone and basic tire specifications. From these images, scaled three-dimensional (3D) meshes and fixed-view depth maps are reconstructed and combined with numerical parameters within a neural network architecture. Three input branches—a point-cloud–gradient branch, a depth-map convolutional neural network (CNN) branch, and a specification multi-layer perceptron (MLP) branch—are jointly trained using a composite loss that integrates frequency-weighted mean squared error (MSE), spectral cosine similarity, FFT-domain consistency, and A-weighted sound-level terms. A dataset of 28 tires, spanning passenger, SUV, and pickup applications for both battery electric vehicles (BEVs) and internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles, was evaluated using leave-one-out (LOO) cross-validation. The model achieved a mean absolute error of 1.52 dB for overall A-weighted near-field noise, with a maximum error of 4.55 dB observed for a high-performance tread. Predicted 1/3-octave spectra preserved dominant peaks, valleys, and overall energy distribution, supporting engineering-level interpretation. The workflow avoids dedicated 3D scanning hardware and CAD models, enabling low-cost virtual screening prior to prototype manufacturing. In addition, the study treats near-field noise as the primary modeling target and describes a minimal, data-driven calibration pathway from near-field predictions to other exterior-noise metrics, which can be extended in future work.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 14 Apr 2026 15:11:22 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2691949</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Vibration Characteristics of Bolted Joints in Magnesium Alloy Based Multi-Material Structures</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2658358</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Magnesium alloy is the lightest structural metal, and it has high damping performance. Therefore, it is expected to be applied to next-generational multi-material body structures. This study has investigated the vibration characteristics of bolted joints in magnesium alloy based multi-material structures, by hammering tests and finite element analyses to establish an analyzing method that is applicable for the vibration characteristics prediction. It resulted the magnesium alloy and multi-material bolted joints having strong influence by the interfacial stiffness and constituent materials, due to the deformation shape of vibration modes.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 14 Apr 2026 10:11:23 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2658358</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Angle-side impact velocity of the car based on impact deformation analysis</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2688641</link>
      <description><![CDATA[To reveal the relationship between car body deformation and collision velocity, a velocity solution method for right-angle side collisions was developed. Vehicle finite element models, set via pre-processing software, were simulated in LS-DYNA. An impact deformation extraction method was proposed, with extensive experiments collecting deformation data under various speed combinations. MATLAB was used to fit data, construct a speed-deformation model, and perform sensitivity analysis. Simulations at multiple angles and typical velocities verified consistency between extracted and calculated deformations. Integrating a traditional two-dimensional eccentric collision model, a velocity solution method was derived. In real accident analyses, this method’s results, compared with PC-Crash software, showed errors below 5%. Finite element simulations of deformation, strain, and shape matched actual conditions, offering advantages over classical mechanics by fully utilizing deformation data.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 13 Apr 2026 16:48:09 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2688641</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Vehicle Tracking Using Shape-Dependent Mixture Model With Edge-Concentrated Measurements</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2561882</link>
      <description><![CDATA[For tracking a rectangular vehicle, real-world automotive radar position measurements are distributed not uniformly over the vehicle extension but typically around the edges of the vehicle, i.e., the distribution of measurements is shape-dependent. To describe this phenomenon, a shape-dependent Gaussian mixture measurement model is presented, with each mixture component being used to describe a sub-rectangle region by introducing a shape scaling factor. The shape scaling factor is also shape-dependent and can characterize the measurement spread across the corresponding edge. In this model, parameters and mixture structure are highly shape-dependent, and the rectangular shape prior information is also incorporated. Based on the proposed model, a variational Bayesian approach is derived, which recursively and efficiently estimates the kinematic, shape, shape scaling factors, and orientation states of a vehicle. Additionally, the Doppler velocity measurement can also be integrated into the variational Bayesian framework by introducing a latent variable. This approach can effectively and adaptively describe the complex measurement distribution. From the simulation and real experimental results, the proposed approach has a great improvement in the tracking performance, and the superior performance of the proposed model is more significant in estimating the centroid position compared with the state-of-the-art approaches.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 23 Mar 2026 17:14:34 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2561882</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Safety against derailment of a container freight wagon with flexible components according to the EN 14363 standard – the Method 1</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2666129</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Safety against derailment is one of the main safety indicators of a rail vehicle. According to the EN 14363 standard, there are three methods to evaluate the safety against derailment of a rail vehicle, which can be performed on real track or by means of simulation modelling. In this paper, a simulation test of safety against derailment is carried out using the commercial software Simpack according to the Method 1 of the EN 14363 standard. Three configurations of the rail vehicle model have been created for simulation modelling. Each model includes a different level of a detail of the mechanical structure. The first configuration is a basic model with rigid bodies, which serves as a check model to evaluate the influence of flexible elements. The second configuration is a hybrid system with a flexible wagon frame and with a rigid bogie frame allowing the flexibility of the frame to be considered. The third configuration includes flexible elements for both the wagon frame and the bogie frame simulating more complex mechanical interactions. Safety against derailment is evuated and presented in a graphical form of the derailment safety ratio. There is evaluated, that the flexibility of the wagon components significantly influences the dynamical response of the wagon movement on a track.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 23 Mar 2026 15:15:34 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2666129</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Adaptive robust constraint-following control method for improving carbody hunting stability of high-speed trains</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2646995</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The low-frequency carbody hunting motion of high-speed trains (HSTs) frequently occurs due to the complex operating environment and deterioration of wheel–rail contact conditions. It not only affects ride comfort but also poses a risk of derailment safety accidents for HSTs. In such scenarios, traditional passive suspension systems struggle to ensure satisfactory dynamic performance of HSTs. However, active suspension systems can offer an effective solution. To enhance the low-frequency carbody hunting stability and environmental adaptability of HSTs, this study proposes a novel adaptive robust displacement inequality constraint following control (AICFC) method for active suspension utilising the beneficial nonlinearity inspired by bio-inspired structures (BIS). The effectiveness of the proposed AICFC-BIS method is validated through numerical simulations comparing it with other control strategies. Simulation results show that the AICFC-BIS method can effectively suppress low-frequency carbody hunting motion and improve the dynamic performance of HSTs. Compared with conventional passive suspensions and other active suspensions, HSTs equipped with AICFC-BIS active suspension exhibit significantly reduced operational safety risk and improved ride comfort indices while being energy efficient.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 23 Mar 2026 09:45:17 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2646995</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Using Simulation to Design a Lean Material Delivery System in an Automotive Body Shop</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1784057</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A simulation study was undertaken to help design a material delivery system to support lean manufacturing in an automotive body shop. Since this was a greenfield facility, simulation analysis was employed in the very early design phase of the system to determine and quantify the limiting parameters of the proposed lean material delivery system. The simulation analysis evolved with the changes in the design parameters and assumptions of the facility. The updated information from the simulation model helped the designers to evaluate alternate concepts and understand some parameters better such as, traffic congestion, manpower, and storage area requirement.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 20 Mar 2026 14:47:19 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1784057</guid>
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