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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
    <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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      <title>Électrification du parc d'équipements roulants gouvernemental</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2071832</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Le projet consiste à électrifier le parc d'équipements roulants du gouvernement du Québec, qui compte maintenant plus de 1 500 véhicules électriques. Les acquisitions de véhicules électriques (VE) requièrent la mise en place d'une infrastructure de recharge importante. Également, le Centre de gestion de l'équipement roulant (CGER) du ministère des Transports du Québec participe à différentes évaluations dont : les véhicules à hydrogène, la conversion à l'électricité de camionnettes et de camions électriques. L'électrification du parc de véhicules légers et de camions diminue les émissions des gaz à effet de serre, responsables du réchauffement de la planète. Elle permet également l'utilisation d'une énergie renouvelable. Ce projet permet aux ministères et organismes de diminuer leur consommation énergétique, mais également de favoriser l'émergence de solutions et de compagnies innovantes. Par l'avancement de l'électrification de son parc de véhicules, le Québec est un leader nord-américain. Cette démarche nécessite une collaboration de plusieurs parties prenantes, notamment pour le déploiement d'infrastructures de recharge. Il est pionnier dans l'expérimentation de véhicules à hydrogène et collabore avec des chercheurs universitaires afin de maximiser les apprentissages. L'atteinte des cibles ambitieuses d'électrification du parc de véhicules du gouvernement du Québec montre l'exemple aux autres gestionnaires de parc de véhicules et entreprises. Cette démarche démontre aussi la faisabilité technique et opérationnelle d'un tel projet. Le CGER participe à différentes tribunes pour partager cette expérience et est souvent sollicité par différents gestionnaires de parc afin de bénéficier de conseils en la matière.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 29 Nov 2022 14:16:42 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2071832</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Electric vehicle range and battery lifetime: a trade-off</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1899530</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Extended range of electric vehicles is seen as a mean to accelerate the market penetration of electric vehicles. However, putting more and more battery cells in a pack may lead to an unsuitable usage regarding battery lifetime. In this paper, we assess the impact of oversizing batteries in their lifetime and their total cost of ownership. Simulation results reveal a reduction in battery lifetime of larger batteries when charge is not adapted, dramatically increasing the total cost of ownership. On the contrary, optimisation of the charging strategy preserves the battery's performances for a longer time and lead to important cost savings.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 21 Dec 2021 16:48:49 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1899530</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Dynamic programming systems for modeling and control of the traffic in transportation networks</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1899509</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This thesis is entitled Dynamic programming systems for modeling and control of the traffic in transportation networks. Two parts are distinguished in this dissertation: 1) methods and approaches based on min-plus or max-plus algebra, where the dynamics are deterministic dynamic programming systems; 2) methods and approaches whose dynamic systems are non-linear but are interpreted as stochastic dynamic programming systems. Each of the two parts includes a chapter of necessary reviews, two main chapters and a chapter summarizing other works related to the concerned part. Part 1 includes a first chapter containing an introduction and some necessary reviews; two main chapters, one on the max-plus algebra model for the train dynamics on a metro line, the other one on the network calculus approach for modeling and calculating performance bounds on road networks; and a final chapter summarizing my other contributions on the topic of this part. Part 2 includes a first chapter containing an introduction and some necessary reviews; two main chapters, one on the microscopic modeling of traffic taking into account anticipation in driving, the other one on the modeling of the train dynamics on a metro line taking into account the passenger travel demand; and a final chapter summarizing my other contributions on the topic of this part.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 21 Dec 2021 16:47:46 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1899509</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Two images comparison with invariance to illumination properties</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1899474</link>
      <description><![CDATA[We propose a new way of performing pixel by pixel comparison between two images, taking advantage of interesting invariance properties with respect to illumination conditions and camera settings. Moreover, we show that the proposed operator is relatively robust to strong noise on one of the compared images. The new operator can be used for background subtraction which inherits its invariance properties. The useful properties of the proposed operators are illustrated in the experiments.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 21 Dec 2021 16:46:08 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1899474</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Technical-economic analysis of services based on autonomous vehicles</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1899439</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Autonomous Vehicles (AV) are becoming more of a reality, promising beneficial yet potentially disrupting changes to our urban transportation systems. This technology presents the potential to reduce energy consumption and crash occurrences, cut travel costs and minimize urban space occupancy for parking purposes. Yet barriers to implementation and mass-market penetration remain. Economically, the upfront costs in the initial stage will likely lack affordability. Socially, users could be reluctant to change their daily travel routines. Technically, the interactions with the other components of the transportation system remain uncertain. There are other challenges regarding liability, security, ethics and data privacy, too. This thesis contributes to the ex-ante study of AV-based mobility systems through the identification, design and assessment of upcoming Business Models (BM) articulated around AVs. In particular, it brings about a systemic analysis of ?new? mobility services (especially car-sharing, carpooling and ride-sourcing services) in order to identify autonomous taxis (aTaxis) and autonomous shuttles (aTransit) as two of the most relevant forms of services that may enjoy wide spreading. Then, we focus on a service of aTaxis and we put forward a microeconomic model framework to evaluate strategic setups of aTaxis provider. The model framework comprises three levels (operational, tactical and strategic), and integrates three pressure forces (regulation, unit costs and demand preferences). An application is then conducted on a stylized area (Orbicity) and a real urban case (Palaiseau, a city in Paris area). Simulation results show that automation has the potential to improve both the mobility performances and the economic efficiency of the urban transportation system. Additionally, the density economies of supply and demand are evaluated by controlling both the fleet size and the number of users for a fixed study area. In particular, the framework application on Palaiseau proved that increasing by ten the fleet size of aTaxis involves 1 % more users (+15 passengers) yet 50 % less of profit. A stated-preference survey supports the model framework and suggests that aTaxis will likely be used for short-distance (2 to 5 km) commuting trips by two user profiles: (1) non-motorized young users (less than 30 years old) and (2) motorized active population between 30 and 50 years old. The thesis takes an interdisciplinary approach combining (1) a qualitative analysis that starts from a review of existing works and adds first a marketing analysis of Business Models based on AVs and second a systemic analysis of an aTaxis service, and (2) a quantitative analysis, situated midway between microeconomics and spatial simulation.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 21 Dec 2021 16:43:52 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1899439</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Urban dynamics and daily mobility</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1899417</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Car use declining in the last decade has created reflections on the reasons of this new trend of mobility. In France, the explanations focus on non spatial variables like rising of fuel price, age effect, generation effect... while abroad the redistribution of population between cities and within cities is considered as an important aspect of the car use declining. With the annual time series data on fiscal households and survey on households mobility provided by ParcAuto, we analyze the impact of metropolization and urban sprawl on car use. For that purpose, we have constructed some categorical sizes of metropolitan area and some urban development forms with the evolution of distribution of households between the dense municipalities and periphery part of these metropolitan areas. The results show that the vehicle kilometer declines significantly in large urban perimeter than medium and small one. On the other hand, slow urban sprawl residents use fewer cars than those living in rapid metropolitan area households. In the small metropolitan areas, the level of household growth can't differentiate the travel behavior of the inhabitants. However, those living in large metropolitan area commute longer distance by car than those living in medium and small metropolitan areas. These results encourage urban renewal politics in central cities and recommend reducing investment in housing in the outskirt.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 21 Dec 2021 16:43:07 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1899417</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Deep Learning Sensor Fusion for Autonomous Vehicles Perception and Localization: A Review</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1899405</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Autonomous vehicles (AV) are expected to improve, reshape, and revolutionize the future of ground transportation. It is anticipated that ordinary vehicles will one day be replaced with smart vehicles that are able to make decisions and perform driving tasks on their own. In order to achieve this objective, self-driving vehicles are equipped with sensors that are used to sense and perceive both their surroundings and the faraway environment, using further advances in communication technologies, such as 5G. In the meantime, local perception, as with human beings, will continue to be an effective means for controlling the vehicle at short range. In the other hand, extended perception allows for anticipation of distant events and produces smarter behavior to guide the vehicle to its destination while respecting a set of criteria (safety, energy management, traffic optimization, comfort). In spite of the remarkable advancements of sensor technologies in terms of their effectiveness and applicability for AV systems in recent years, sensors can still fail because of noise, ambient conditions, or manufacturing defects, among other factors; hence, it is not advisable to rely on a single sensor for any of the autonomous driving tasks. The practical solution is to incorporate multiple competitive and complementary sensors that work synergistically to overcome their individual shortcomings. This article provides a comprehensive review of the state-of-the-art methods utilized to improve the performance of AV systems in short-range or local vehicle environments. Specifically, it focuses on recent studies that use deep learning sensor fusion algorithms for perception, localization, and mapping. The article concludes by highlighting some of the current trends and possible future research directions.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 21 Dec 2021 16:42:40 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1899405</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>The determinants of acceptability and behavioural intention of automated vehicles - A Review</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1899375</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Without public support, the deployment of Automated Vehicles (AVs) is doomed to failure. Therefore, their acceptability has been widely studied. On the basis of a systematic literature review of 113 empirical studies, the present paper studies the influence of the modes of contact with the AV (no explanation provided, written or pictorial description only, simulator, real experience) on sociodemographic variables, acceptability, behavioural intention and their determinants. The analysis of the dependent variables shows a lack of clarification of what is actually measured and a heterogeneity of measurements that makes comparisons difficult. The determinants were separated in two groups: preferences, which refer to projections in use, and perceptions, which refer to beliefs. The determinants in the preferences group, and some determinants in the perceptions group (perceived ease of use and usefulness and attitudes), are not influenced by the mode of contact with the AV. Indeed, a more concrete mode of contact does not change the participants' responses for these variables. For the other determinants of the perceptions group, the mode of contact with AVs impacts participants' responses. Trust and perceived safety are influenced by the mode of contact. More significantly, we observed that the relationship between acceptability and the level of knowledge or control was moderated by the mode of contact with AVs. These results lead us to encourage research favouring direct experience with the AV to study its acceptability. A discussion of these recurring results but also the significant methodological and theoretical shortcomings highlighted by the review is presented such as the research gaps in terms of sampling or statistical robustness. In conclusion, a few methodological approaches are proposed for the study of technological devices that are little or not known to future users, as well as a reflection on the usefulness of studying the acceptability of these little-known devices.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 21 Dec 2021 16:40:40 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1899375</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Dynamic strategies optimizing benefits of fully autonomous shared vehicle fleets</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1899372</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A constrained optimization framework of a flexible demand responsive transport system is considered. An intelligently administered scheme consisting of unmanned vehicles, requiring no prior seat reservation is introduced ensuring high quality door-to-door services at reduced costs. A decentralized decision making scheme comprised of various model based adaptive control patterns is developed. At any time optimized use of the available vehicle capacity is achieved while keeping cars as busy as possible. Vehicle itineraries are smartly defined according to their current state, traffic conditions and demand as well customer preferences. Tolerated passenger detours are respected while taking into consideration the related client waiting time. The asynchronous system behavior is modeled based on theory and methodology of discrete event dynamic systems (DEDS). Discrete event simulations permit evaluation of the system performance as well optimal tuning of the involved control algorithms. After identification of the desirable DEDS states the system is guided to controllable events infinitely often. As a case study, the city of Paris is considered. A comparative study is conducted appraising the suggested vehicle fleet versus a scheme consisting of selfservice autonomous vehicles (SSAV). Metrics on cars, clients and network are presented such as trip durations, client waiting time and queue lengths at nodes, vehicle occupancy etc.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 21 Dec 2021 16:40:36 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1899372</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Dynamic Wireless Power Transfer Charging Infrastructure for Future EVs: From Experimental Track to Real Circulated Roads Demonstrations</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1899360</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In a context of growing electrification of road transport, Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) appears as an appealing alternative technology as it enables Electric Vehicles (EVs) to charge while driving and without any mechanical contact (with overhead cables or rails in the ground). Although the WPT technology background dates from the end of 20th century, recent advances in semiconductor technologies have enabled the first real demonstrations. Within the FABRIC European project, the French research Institute VEDECOM and its partners implemented a whole prototype wireless power transfer charging infrastructure. The first demonstrations of Inductive WPT in different real driving conditions (up to 20 kW, from 0 to 100 km/h, with one or two serial vehicles) were provided. This paper describes the prototype equipment and its instrumentation and provides the system characterization results. The future of the Inductive WPT technology is further discussed considering its different technical and economic challenges. In parallel, how this technology could be part of future generation road infrastructures is discussed. Future research and demonstration steps are presented in the conclusion.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 21 Dec 2021 16:39:32 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1899360</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Adaptive level lane estimation policy of automotive systems moving within arbitrary road networks</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1899337</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The problem of a Vehicle Positioning System (VPS) is adressed. A specifically developed approach based on the cause-and-effect principle defines a closed-loop policy  determining the lane level location of a sensor equipped vehicle moving within arbitrary road networks. After exploration of processed data provided by a smart camera and a laser detector appropriate information is routed to the decision making scheme. Based on identification of particular mobile objects circulating within the current and/or opposite flow the vehicle lane level location is determined when the car circulates within highway stretches or urban areas. Contrary to other schemes no additional investment on costly devices and complementary tools is required. The reduced computational complexity makes the deployment of the suggested methodology efficient for embedded technologies and can be utilized independently or as a complementary tool. Major restrictions of previous works of the same authors requiring divided freeway infrastructures are now  overcome. A first appraisal of the system effectiveness is achieved though realistic simulation data fed by complex real recordings. Multiple drawbacks involved with information collected by professional driver behavior are minimized. Three case study scenarios, associated with different traffic and light intensity, resulting to a varying sensor behavioral functioning are considered. Adequate metrics appraise the efficiency of the suggested methodology.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 21 Dec 2021 16:38:39 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1899337</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Evaluation of the tram intelligent system management by an analysis of its key performance indicators for an optimal mixt traffic control in Algeria</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1899336</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Evaluating the tram Intelligent System Management by analysing its keys' indicators performance, is the first target of this paper. For this, a deep analysis between its theoretical and real performance is done, to evaluate the tram's regularity and the actual timetable. The second important objective is to show how can, possibly, the tram's performance influence traffic congestion. To solve this last, a combined optimal timing cycle applying the "Webster" method with the optimal tram timetable is being applied at the same time. The results show that the tram is unwell operated, the offered capacity is higher than the real demand and the time headways are not respected due to the non-respect of the theoretical tram performance. Therefore, the traffic jam has increased in common intersections. The paper suggests some important recommendations to ameliorate the tram's operation, and to optimise the traffic control to reduce the delay for road users.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 21 Dec 2021 16:38:38 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1899336</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>May autonomous vehicles transform freight and logistics</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1899292</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The objective is to study the impact the deployment of autonomous vehicles may have on freight and logistics from an economic point of view. We focus on interurban transport operations made by road and propose quantitative estimations of the outcomes of two scenarios where the automation technology is sufficiently efficient to remove the need of a driver during the whole or a significant part of the operations. To do so, we build a modeling chain which links consist of a series of theoretical microeconomical models and econometrical estimations. This chain is used on the one hand to describe theoretically and empirically carriers and shippers behaviors and on the other to target precisely where and how AVs intervene in order to obtain accurate estimations of the two scenarios outcomes. The results show that partial automation won't have a significant impact whether in terms of switching from a heavy to a light shipping mode and vice versa, nor on the shipments' sizes, or even on the carriers Total Logistical Costs. By contrast, full automation would have a much more significant impact : an increase of Full Truckload operations share; and a significant decrease of shipment sizes, transport costs and Total Logistical Costs.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 21 Dec 2021 16:36:32 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1899292</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Study on a test track of dust resuspension induced by a vehicle</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1899274</link>
      <description><![CDATA[An experimental campaign was carried out on a test track to assess resuspension of dust by vehicle traffic. Two vehicles were driven on a road covered by four different types of particles representing a wide range of fine soils. Each test consisted of running one of the vehicles at a given speed (30, 45 or 60 km.h-1) over one of the type of particles previously spread on the road at a given mass per unit area (200, 400 or 600 g.m-2). The concentration of resuspended particles was measured by suction of the dust plume behind the rear tire using a particle counter. The influence of physical (type and quantity of particles, vehicle geometry) and mechanical (vehicle speed, tire/surface interface, dynamical behavior) parameters on particle lift are discussed. In terms of particle mass concentrations, results indicate that doubling the vehicle speed leads to 1.5 to 5.7 times higher PM10 emissions. The lift of fine clay particles is 2 to 9 times more important than that of coarser soils. Significant differences are also observed between the emissions of the two vehicles, pointing out the key role of ground clearance and mud flaps in particles resuspension. It is believed that the present results may be extended to earthworks sites where solutions are expected to reduce dust emissions without watering.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 21 Dec 2021 16:35:21 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1899274</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Development of a model to quantify dust emissions from truck traffic on earthmoving sites: approach and preliminary results</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1899273</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Dust emission is a major issue in general but even more for civil engineering professionals. This is particularly important on earthmoving sites with truck traffic on compacted soils. Suspended dust causes many troubles, including visibility mitigation, which leads to safety risks. To prevent the lift of particles, soils are watered abundantly. When carried out in an arbitrary way, this solution can lead to a significant waste of this natural resource. Savings could be achieved by anticipating the necessary and sufficient quantities for dust suppression. For this purpose, a model is being developed to highlight and quantify the main factors involved in the lifting of soil particles by truck traffic. The approach adopted for the development of the model together with the preliminary results are presented. Soils degradation by traffic are studied in laboratory in order to assess the accumulation of particles on the surface. These particles are lift due to mechanical and aerodynamic forces, which are studied in test track and wind tunnel, respectively. This study allows to characterize the mechanism of dust emission on construction sites by relying on physical parameters that are not considered in the empirical models currently available.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 21 Dec 2021 16:35:20 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1899273</guid>
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