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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
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    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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      <title>Web Access to the Digital Archive of VAA Messages and VAFTAD Model Output</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/757324</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) tracks volcanic eruptions of ash around the world and monitors satellite imagery for ash clouds.  After a volcano erupts, NOAA delivers a volcanic ash advisory message, and a forecast of the location of volcanic ash in the atmosphere.  It uses VAFTAD, a volcanic ash forecasting model.  Twenty years of substantiating information issued by NOAA's Volcanic Ash Advisory Centers, VAA messages and VAFTAD model output have been archived by the National Geophysical Data Center (NGDC).  The substantiating information includes volcanic observatory reports, satellite imagery, pilot reports, surface weather observations, and news media reports.  Over the next year, these data will be put into a geospatial relational database management system and users will have access to it on the Web.  Links to the CLASS Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) active archive will also be included in the database.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 07 Jul 2005 08:28:53 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/757324</guid>
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      <title>First 8 Hours of Volcanic Eruptions: A Northwest Airlines Example &amp; Recommendations of Revised Flow of Ash Information for Aviation</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/757372</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper describes the conceptual framework and existing protocol for improving or streamlining the standardization of information and data exchange between Volcano Observatories, Volcanic Ash Advisory Centers and Meteorological Watch Offices.  These organizations all deal with disseminating hazard and advisory information to the aviation community regarding airborne volcanic ash and volcanic eruptions.  There are currently 5 steps involved in notifying aircraft pilots and dispatchers about volcanic eruptions and volcanic ash.  Time is crucial in getting the hazard warnings out, and interorganizational relations and coordination need to be tight and trusting.  The paper bases its information on a Northwest Airlines experience and also on the deficiencies noted in the standardization and information dissemination system.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 07 Jul 2005 08:28:52 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/757372</guid>
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      <title>The Darwin VAAC Volcanic Ash Workstation</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/756853</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper discusses the operations of the Darwin Volcanic Ash Advisory Centre (VAAC), which has been in operation since March 1993.  The Darwin VAAC provides volcanic ash advisories of volcanic eruptions.  It analyzes satellite data and forecasts volcanic ash movement.  The paper discusses the Ruang volcano eruption that took place on September 25, 2002; it describes the Darwin Volcanic Ash Warning Preparation System; and it relates the operational experiences of the Darwin VAAC.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 24 Jun 2005 13:55:35 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/756853</guid>
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      <title>Perspectives on Operational Volcanic Ash Warnings</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/756966</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper discusses the Meteorological Service of New Zealand in Wellington, New Zealand.  The Service provides a Volcanic Ash Advisory Centre (VAAC) and a Meteorological Watch Office (MWO).  It also provides Volcanic Ash Advisory (VAA) messages and Significant Meteorological (SIGMET) information bulletins.  Its VAAC operations cover much of the Southwest Pacific Ocean.  The paper describes the structure of volcanic ash warning systems, the international aspects of warning services, what doesn't work and what does, and the development of customized services.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 24 Jun 2005 13:55:34 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/756966</guid>
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      <title>Volcanic Cloud Conceptual Models for Volcanic Ash Advisory Centre Operations</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/756968</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A basic approach to factual uncertainty in operational meteorology is to develop conceptual models and related procedures that encourage fast diagnosis of the nature of an event, the degree of risk, and the action required.  Volcanic Ash Advisory Centre operations are hindered by imperfect remote sensing, few reliable direct observations, and limited ground-based monitoring.  The concentration of maximum ash, cloud evolution, height of rise of a volcanic cloud, detectability of the cloud, and the rate of ash deposition are all greatly dependent on the meteorological environment.  This paper uses aircraft and ground based video observations from the Philippines and Japan, and remote sensing of the Pinatubo volcano's volcanic thunderstorms.  Particle radius measurement techniques and results from the Active Tracer High Resolution Atmospheric Model are described and relative particle concentrations, modes of volcanic convection and plume dispersal are discussed.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 24 Jun 2005 13:55:34 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/756968</guid>
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      <title>NOAA's NWS Volcanic Ash Program: Current Status and Plans for the Future</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/756688</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) operates four Meteorological Watch Offices (MWO) and two of the world's nine Volcanic Ash Advisory Centres (VAACs), and as such, plays an important role in the worldwide volcanic ash network.  The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) defines the operational responsibilities of the two VAACs.  The National Weather Service's (NWS) Alaska Aviation Weather Unit manages the Anchorage VAAC.  The NWS's National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP), the National Environmental Satellite, and the Data and Information Service (NESDIS) Satellite Analysis Branch jointly manage the Washington VAAC.  All of these centers together are responsible for providing ash dispersion forecasts and volcanic ash advisories for an area that ranges widely from the Pacific Ocean eastward over the United States and much of the Atlantic Ocean.  This presentation explores NOAA's Volcanic Ash Program.  It discusses future plans and the current status in the areas of research and development, operations, and policy development.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 20 Jun 2005 09:44:15 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/756688</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Potential of the ATHAM Model for Use in Air Traffic Safety</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/756315</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper presents the Active Tracer High resolution Atmospheric Model (ATHAM), an eruption column model, which simulates the processes within a volcanic eruption column, and the dispersal of the ash cloud.  This model can be used by Volcanic Ash Advisory Centres (VAACs) to more accurately forecast the dispersal of volcanic ash from a volcanic eruption.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 06 Jun 2005 10:07:22 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/756315</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>ACOUSTIC SURVEILLANCE FOR HAZARDOUS ERUPTIONS (ASHE): A PROPOSAL FOR A PROOF-OF-CONCEPT EXPERIMENT</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/755341</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper proposes an experiment to test both the practical utility of infrasound as a regional-scale volcanic eruption detection tool, and the feasibility of using such an infrasound system to contribute to the aviation industry timely operational alerts through Volcanic Ash Advisory Centres (VAAC).  Ash spewed into the atmosphere from volcanic eruptions poses a major hazard to aircraft operations.  In principle, infrasound monitoring will complement both satellite remote sensing and seismic observation to improve continuous monitoring of vast regions of potential volcanic eruption hazard at modest costs.  The authors propose a field deployment of several small prototype infrasound arrays in a suitably selected region, sending data in real time to a central data centre where algorithms for volcanic eruption detection may be prototyped.  The results will be distributed on a test basis to participating VAACs to compare them with the performance of existing warning systems.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 22 Apr 2005 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/755341</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Volcanic Ash and Aviation Safety, June 21-24, 2004, Alexandria, Virginia</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/755170</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The 2nd International Conference on Volcanic Ash and Aviation Safety was held June 21-24, 2004 in Alexandria, Virginia.  These are the proceedings of the conference.  This document contains 84 papers, which are divided among five categories: 1. Encounters, Damage, and Socioeconomic Consequences; 2. The Volcanic Source - Eruption Monitoring and Reporting; 3. Ash Cloud Observations, Modeling, and Forecasting; 4. Volcanic Ash Advisory Centre Operations and Capabilities; and 5. Aviation Industry Perspectives.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 12 Apr 2005 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/755170</guid>
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