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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
    <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <item>
      <title>SINGLE-CHANNEL VOICE-RESPONSE-SYSTEM PROGRAM DOCUMENTATION. VOLUME I. SYSTEM DESCRIPTION</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/69735</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This report documents the design and implementation of a Voice Response System (VRS) using Adaptive Differential Pulse Code Modulation (ADPCM) voice coding. Implemented on a Digital Equipment Corporation PDP-11/20,R this VRS system supports a single audio-output channel. Vocabulary size is limited to 900 words or phrases. Input to the system consists of text messages or sentences in ASCII format transmitted to the 11/20 through a 300-baud asynchronous interface. A preliminary design for a VRS for 10 channels is reported.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 31 May 2002 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/69735</guid>
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      <title>WAVELENGTH: HOW TO USE IMCO (INTER-GOVERNMENTAL MARITIME CONSULTATIVE ORGANIZATION) STANDARD MARINE NAVIGATIONAL VOCABULARY</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/388269</link>
      <description><![CDATA[WAVELENGTH shows how to use the IMCO Vocabulary in practical situations.  It is intended for seafarers with a reasonable knowledge of English, but who need to learn the English for seafaring situations and technology. It will be useful both for the private student and in nautical colleges.  This book is intended to be used with a set of cassettes, including model dialogues and oral drills for use on an ordinary cassette player or in a language laboratory.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 21 Jul 1994 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/388269</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>RUSSIAN-ENGLISH NAVAL GLOSSARY</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/393872</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The entries in this Russian-English glossary of naval terminology have been compiled over the years by the staff of the Translation Division of the Naval Intelligence Support Center through literature research and consultation with area specialists. The majority of the Russian terms in the glossary will not be found in generally available dictionaries or, if they do occur, the renderings are inappropriate for a naval-technical context. The English equivalents in this glossary contain additional words or commentary (enclosed in brackets) that provide further clarification, amplification, or justification for the rendering.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 21 Jul 1994 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/393872</guid>
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      <title>DEVELOPMENT OF A MARITIME ENGLISH SYLLABUS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/395273</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The author discusses the development of a course in maritime English, in the context of English language requirements for all naval watchkeeping officers proposed by the STCW Convention (Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping for Seafarers). This language training course will be video-based. Program goals are outlined, and a sample instructional module is presented.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 21 Jul 1994 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/395273</guid>
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      <title>VTS OPERATORS: QUALIFICATIONS, TRAINING AND THE ABILITY TO COMMUNICATE</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/395423</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Part 1 of this article deals with the qualifications and training of VTS operators. It details the work done by the Task Force of COST 301 in this field and presents the Taks Force's recommendations. These, in summary are, that it should be recognized that VTS operators have a specialized job, that their training should be standardized and that they should be given a career structure. Part 2 deals with the ability to communicate in a VTS. The writer prefers VHF to screen-display systems for passing messages to ships because an officer can navigate while using VHF but not while reading a screen. The importance of precision in language construction and application to enable VTS staff and ship's personnel to communicate clearly is emphasized and existing vocabularies are reviewed.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 21 Jul 1994 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/395423</guid>
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      <title>SEASPEAK--AN UNAMBIGUOUS LANGUAGE FOR COMMUNICATION</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/395987</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The Seaspeak Project has produced a system for ship voice communications that combines the best in linguistic technique with all of the current regulations promulgated by the International Telecommunications Union and the International Maritime Organization. An outstanding feature of Seaspeak is the use of "message markers" that, as an aid to thought processes, identify in advance what type message will follow. The markers are: Question, Instruction, Advice, Request, Information, Warning, and Intention.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 21 Jul 1994 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/395987</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>THE TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE MARINE ENGINEER IN THE DEVELOPING WORLD: LANGUAGE AND COMMUNICATION CONSIDERATIONS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/396715</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The ability to communicate clearly, in both written and oral forms, is as important today as it has ever been. This paper discusses how the communication skills of marine engineers have often been ignored in the past. It then gives details of a maritime English program entitled ANGLOSEA, that came into being following a conference at the World Maritime University. Based on a series of videos, each on a different theme, the program is intended to provide realistic language training covering a variety of scenarios.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 21 Jul 1994 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/396715</guid>
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      <title>MANUAL AND TAPE SHOULD BOOST KNOWLEDGE OF SEASPEAK</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/397505</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Seaspeak was developed in the late 1970s and 1980s to standardize the language of communication at sea. Based on English, it is a simplified speech form that provides a simple and precise way to communicate in an internationally agreed-upon maritime language. This article reviews a Seaspeak training manual that, together with an audio cassette, is available from Pergamon Press.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 21 Jul 1994 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/397505</guid>
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      <title>THE INTERNATIONAL MARITIME ORGANIZATION, VOLUME 1: INTERNATIONAL SHIPPING RULES</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/398319</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The International Maritime Organization (IMO), is the specialized agency of the UN charged with responsibility for the technical and safety aspects of international shipping. This presents a comprehensive survey of numerous resolutions and many of the principal conventions and codes with which the IMO has dealt. The book includes summaries, background, and analyses for: the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS) Convention; the International Convention on Load Lines, 1966; the International Maritime Dangerous Goods (IMDG) Code; MARPOL 1973/78 and its amendments; the International Convention on Civil Liability for Oil Pollution Damage (CLC) 1969; and the Convention on the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea (COLREG), 1972. Other topics include rules on: manning; vessel traffic services; the standard marine vocabulary; maritime search and rescue; and satellite communications.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 21 Jul 1994 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/398319</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>REPORT OF THE SUB-COMMITTEE ON STANDARDS OF TRAINING AND WATCHKEEPING TO THE MARITIME SAFETY COMMITTEE, 18TH SESSION, 9-13 SEPTEMBER 1985</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/398335</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Topics discussed in the Committee's report include: interpretation of the provisions of the 1978 STCW Convention; operator functions in the Future Global Maritime Distress and Safety System; training and certification of crews for the engine department of fishing vessels; training in launching lifeboats; use of the "Seaspeak" Manual; the fatigue factor in manning and safety; and reports on serious casualties. Five annexes are appended to the main report.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 21 Jul 1994 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/398335</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>REPORT OF THE SUB-COMMITTEE ON STANDARDS OF TRAINING AND WATCHKEEPING TO THE MARITIME SAFETY COMMITTEE, 19TH SESSION, 9-13 SEPTEMBER 1986</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/399918</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Topics discussed in the Sub-Committee's report include: interpretation of the provisions of Regulation I/3 of the 1978 STCW Convention; operator functions in the Future Global Maritime Distress and Safety System; fishermen's training and certification; training and qualifications of officers and crews of mobile offshore units; the fatigue factor in manning and safety; and use of the "Seaspeak" Manual in maritime training. Appended to the main report is Annex 3, a comprehensive draft document for guidance on fishermen's training and certification.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 21 Jul 1994 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/399918</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE MARITIME ENGLISH PROGRAMME ANGLOSEA</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/402787</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper is intended as a background document on the occasion of the premiering of the first in a series of 10 films for the maritime English program, Anglosea, which is under development. The paper gives a brief account of the conceptualization and design of the program and of the significance of film as a pedagogical device; a synopsis of the communicative approach as the underlying thesis of the Anglosea materials; an outline of the program goals; and a description of the modular structure of the program. Finally, using the St. Lawrence Seaway as an example, a pedagogical methodology is suggested.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 21 Jul 1994 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/402787</guid>
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      <title>COMMUNICATION EFFICIENCY OF THE INTERNATIONAL CODE OF SIGNALS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/403965</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The foreward to the International Code of Signals (Intercode) states that "the code is intended to cater primarly for situations related essentially to safety of navigation and persons, especially when language difficulties arise. It embodies the principle that each symbol has a complete meaning." This author is severely critical of the code, calling it "permanently inefficient," and explains his reasons.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 21 Jul 1994 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/403965</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>GMDSS AND OTHER SAFETY COMMUNICATIONS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/407166</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Radio was first used to save lives at sea in 1899. Since then, it has helped to rescue tens of thousands of people and has become the key element of the maritime search and rescue system. During the decade of the 1990s, that will change. The use of new technology, e.g., satellite radiocommunications, will result in the existing maritime radio system being completely transformed. The new system, called the Global Maritime Distress and Safety System (GMDSS), is designed to be quicker, simpler and above all, more efficient. The conceptual basis and overall operation of the GMDSS are described; in addition, some safety-related aspects of modern communications at sea are mentioned.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 21 Jul 1994 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/407166</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>DRIVER VOCABULARY TEST</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/108721</link>
      <description><![CDATA[No abstract provided.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 12 May 1994 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/108721</guid>
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