<rss version="2.0" xmlns:atom="https://www.w3.org/2005/Atom">
  <channel>
    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
    <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
    <atom:link href="https://trid.trb.org/Record/RSS?s=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" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml" />
    <description></description>
    <language>en-us</language>
    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
    <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
    <image>
      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
      <url>https://trid.trb.org/Images/PageHeader-wTitle.jpg</url>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
    </image>
    <item>
      <title>Optimization of load reduction and berth shifting operations in green ports: a collaborative scheduling model for berths, unloaders, and tugboats</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2648152</link>
      <description><![CDATA[With the increasing trend of large-scale vessels, the shortage of deep-water berth resources in ports has become increasingly prominent, severely restricting vessel turnover rates and cargo unloading efficiency. To address this bottleneck, this study proposes an optimization approach for load reduction and berth shifting of large dry bulk carriers, coordinating the allocation of core resources such as berths, unloaders, and tugboats to enhance the overall operational efficiency of ports. A multi-objective, two-stage joint scheduling optimization model for berth, unloader, and tugboat operations is developed. The model decouples the problem into two stages: berth-unloader joint allocation and tugboat scheduling. It comprehensively considers operation time and costs to achieve full-process optimization of load reduction and berth shifting. Furthermore, a two-layer solution framework integrating the Starfish Optimization Algorithm (SFOA) with the Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm (NSGA-II) is proposed. The framework employs tabu search to enhance Pareto front exploration in berth-unloader allocation and utilizes an elite-based chromosome generation mechanism in tugboat scheduling to improve solution quality. Additionally, a multi-energy hybrid tugboat fleet comprising diesel and clean energy-powered vessels is designed, along with a vessel-tugboat matching strategy that factors in emission reduction requirements based on varying tugboat demands of different bulk carrier sizes. Finally, a case study based on a real port in northern China demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed optimization scheme in alleviating deep-water berth shortages, reducing tugboat emissions, and promoting the intelligent and green transformation of port operations.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 02 Feb 2026 09:32:47 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2648152</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Method of Selecting Criteria for Economic and Environmental Improvements of Bulk Transport</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1328317</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Transportation of bulk cargo, especially in countries rich in mineral  resources, dictates the need for optimization including numerous aspects, and especially in recent times emphasizing the aspect of ecology.  This paper describes a procedure that attempts to answer the question of  whether optimization can be achieved by applying appropriate models  and by defining of specific models and procedures for ranking and selection of optimal transport system.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 23 Oct 2014 09:10:44 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1328317</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>A Cutting Device for Improving the Low-Fluidity Bulk Handling Performance of Belt Conveyor-Type Continuous Unloaders</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1281188</link>
      <description><![CDATA[As material-handling equipment for unloading bulk materials such as iron ore and grain from vessels at harbor piers, continuous unloaders play an important role from the viewpoint of handling performance and environmental protection. Among the various types, belt conveyor-type unloaders are required to provide highly versatile handling performance covering low- to high-fluidity bulk materials. When low-fluidity bulk materials are handled, handling performance decreases and electric energy consumption increases because they do not flow easily into a scraping device. For a scraping device consisting of a horizontal screw and a rotary feeder, this paper proposes a cutting device in which multiple rotatable blades are arranged outside the scraping device. It also describes the basic structure and design guideline of the newly proposed cutting device to improve its low-fluidity bulk handling performance. Furthermore, the driving conditions of the cutting device are optimized, and the improvement of the handling performance is verified by experimental analyses using a model manufactured based on the design guideline. Cement, which is a typical low-fluidity bulk with a large angle of repose, is used for experiments. Low-fluidity bulk materials such as coal, converter slag and soybean meal having some different physical properties from those of cement, such as larger particle size, higher bulk density or higher moisture content, are also examined and discussed as materials for digging. The effect of each physical property on the handling performance, as well as the effect of the proposed device and its effectiveness toward stabilization, are also be clarified, including the basic design and method of optimization.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 27 Jan 2014 10:45:45 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1281188</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Risk Perception and Risk-Taking Behavior of Construction Site Dumper Drivers</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/926042</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This article describes how construction site dumpers cause more serious accidents than any other type of construction plant in the United Kingdom (UK). Previous research has indicated that driver behavior plays a pivotal role in the vast majority of these accidents. This study used a paired comparison technique to explore dumper drivers' and subject matter experts' (SMEs') risk perception and its relationship to risk-taking behavior. It was found that driver risk perception significantly differed from measures of "objective risk", derived from accident data and also from SMEs' risk perception. Furthermore, drivers still engaged in undertaking perceived high risk behaviors. The results suggest that driver risk perception was linked to the "perceived dread" of an accident, rather than its likelihood and that risk-taking behavior was often driven by situational factors, such as site safety rules or the behavior of other personnel on the site, together with an overarching culture that prioritizes production over safety.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 19 Aug 2010 11:18:20 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/926042</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>AN INTRODUCTION TO SELF-DISCHARGERS - AN ECONOMICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL-FRIENDLY CONCEPT FOR THE 20'</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/479725</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A belt discharger is a self-unloader, which can be defined as a dry bulk carrier, capable of continuously discharging its cargo via discharge gear without significant ship or crew intervention, and without necessarily opening the cargo hatches.  This unloading equipment can be mounted on deck or fitted within the hold and hull structure.  This paper briefly looks at the types of self-dischargers available, their advantages and disadvantages, as well as a brief cost study.  The environmental aspects associated with these vessels, the second hand market and future prospects for self- unloaders are investigated.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 27 Mar 1997 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/479725</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>LIFTUP - A REVOLUTIONARY NEW GENERATION OF ENCLOSED SELF- DISCHARGING COASTERS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/480179</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The LIFTUP system project presents the concept of a new design of enclosed self-discharging coaster, suitable for installation in ships from 1,000dwt upwards, more economically viable than previous designs, and providing complete protection of water sensitive dry bulk cargoes from damage by water during loading, carriage and discharge, together with protection of the surrounding environment from pollution by dust or spillage.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 27 Mar 1997 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/480179</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>NEW GENERATION OF SELF-UNLOADING CARGO SHIPS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/480656</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A new generation of self-unloading bulk carriers has been designed for Canada Steamship Lines.  The radical design approach reportedly solves many of the problems plaguing the industry with completely redesigned holds and delivery system.  It is claimed that this design will be the template for all self-unloading bulk carriers of the future.  A controlled feeder gate is designed to eliminate the delivery problems inherent in the standard hopper/gate configuration and a 250ft telescoping boom at midship, capable of 270 degree rotation, is designed to allow for greater flexibility in delivering cargo to onshore hoppers.  The standard open-lattice boom has been replaced with a completely enclosed boom system to contain airborne pollutants.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 27 Mar 1997 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/480656</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>SELF-UNLOADERS: AN ATTRACTIVE ALTERNATIVE FOR SPEEDY DISCHARGE</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/431660</link>
      <description><![CDATA[No abstract provided.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 14 Aug 1995 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/431660</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>EXPRESS - AUSTRALIA'S FIRST 'PIONEER VESSEL'</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/438579</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The 17,309dwt self-unloading bulk carrier EXPRESS was built by Tsuneishi Shipbuilders, Japan. Owned by Howard Smith Industries Pty Ltd, of Sydney, Australia, EXPRESS will operate on their Australia/New Zealand coastal service and has already been chartered to carry such cargoes as sulphate of ammonia and gypsum. To develop the new concepts embodied in EXPRESS, the owners looked at the possibilities of low manning levels and fast port turnaround with a ship which will be ecologically acceptable throughout its lifetime. Thus EXPRESS is the first Aurstralian deepsea ship with a crew of less than 20 and is known as the 'first Aurstralian pioneer vessel'. Small scale general-arrangement drawings are given. Principal particulars are: length (oa)    149.50 m length (bp)    140,00 m breadth, moulded    24.00 m depth, moulded 13.10 m draught, scantling  8.41 m draught, design     7.65 m crew 18]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 14 Aug 1995 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/438579</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>NEW BRITISH STEEL BULK CARRIERS REFLECT WIDENING MARKET FOR SELF-UNLOADERS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/439912</link>
      <description><![CDATA[WESTERN BRIDGE and EASTERN BRIDGE, two self-unloading bulk carriers have been handed over to their owner, British Steel plc. Although designed by Tsuneishi Shipbuilding Company, they were built by the associated Hashihama Shipbuilding Co. Ltd.  The vessels have a single deck, continuous double bottom, and hopper side tanks linked with smaller upper wing tanks to form water ballast spaces.  In accordance with IMO regulations a full cargo of iron ore of 3 tonnes/m3 can be carried untrimmed and whilst there is no provision for loading cargo in alternate holds, two-port loading or unloading of coal is allowed using holds 1, 3 and 5, or 2 and 4.  General arrangement drawings are given. Principal particulars are: propulsion                    Kawasaki - MAN B&W 6S70MC length overall                                249.900 m length between perpendiculars                 239.000 m breadth moulded                                  38,000 draught                                        15.019 m tonnage, gross register                          55,695 tonnage, net                                     26,186 total grain capacity                          89,897 m3 crew                                                 26]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 14 Aug 1995 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/439912</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>PEARL VENUS: A SELF-UNLOADING WOOD-CHIP CARRIER</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/441024</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The importation of wood chips into Japan is a trade which has produced its own particular design of self-unloading bulk carrier.  The cargo has a specific gravity of between 0.385 and 0.45 tonnes/m3, and in order to carry a full deadweight, PEARL VENUS has been designed with increased depth.  This increased dimension has been especially necessary in her case since the overall length has been restricted to 227 m, to suit trading ports.  Principal particulars and general arrangement drawings are given.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 14 Aug 1995 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/441024</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>MOXNES - 9,125 DWT SELF-UNLOADING DRY CARGO VESSEL COMPLETED FOR SWEDISH OWNERS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/441723</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The single deck self-unloading dry cargo vessel MOXNES was recently handed over to her Swedish owners by Shipyard Ferus Smit of Westerbroek, the Netherlands.  The vessel is fitted with a double hull and bottom, has a box shaped hold and has been strengthened for navigation in ice.  Principal particulars are given.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 14 Aug 1995 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/441723</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>MALMNES: DUTCH-BUILT SELF-UNLOADER</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/445784</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The 9,891 dwt self-unloading bulk carrier MALMNES operated by Jebsens-Thun Belt A/S, Norway/Sweden, was built by Scheepswerf Ferus Smit BV, the Netherlands.  A Cargo Scooper installation has been adopted, employing horizontal scrapers travelling across and along the surface of the cargo.  The scrapers deposit the cargo on to an adjoining fore and aft conveyor (port side) which transports it to vertical elevators, and thence to overboard discharge with a maximum output of about 1,000 tonnes/hour.  A list of principal particulars and general arrangement drawings are included in the article.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 14 Aug 1995 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/445784</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>FERTILIZER INTERNATIONAL</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/391056</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Papers presented include: Review of Ocean-Borne Trade in Dry Fertilizer Products; The Role of Handy-Sized  Bulk Carriers in the Dry Fertilizer Trade; Impact of New International Transportation Systems on Fertilizer Distribution; The Role of the Cargo Inspector in the Marine Transport of Fertilizer; The Self-Discharging Vessel in the Dry Fertilizer Trade; and Should You Consider Belt Conveyor Self-Unloading Ships for the Ocean Transport of Fertilizer Raw Materials?]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 21 Jul 1994 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/391056</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>CUTTING PORT TIMES--THE SELF-UNLOADER</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/391682</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The advantages of self unloading systems are enumerated, after which a wide variety of available systems are briefly described.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 21 Jul 1994 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/391682</guid>
    </item>
  </channel>
</rss>