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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
    <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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      <title>Integrators' global networks: A topology analysis with insights into the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1729403</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In this paper the authors propose, to the best of their knowledge, the first analysis of the global networks of integrators FedEx, UPS, and DHL using network science. While noticing that all three networks rely on a “hub-and-spoke” structure, the network configuration of DHL leans towards a multi-“hub-and-spoke” structure that reflects the different business strategy of the integrator. The authors also analyzed the robustness of the networks, identified the most critical airports per integrator, and assessed that the network of DHL is the most robust according to their definition of robustness. Finally, given the unprecedented historical time that the airline industry is facing at the moment of writing, the authors provided some insights into how the COVID-19 pandemic affected the global capacity of integrators and other cargo airlines. Their results suggest that full-cargo airlines and, much more dramatically, combination airlines were impacted by the pandemic. On the other hand, apart from fluctuations in offered capacity due to travel bans that were quickly recovered thanks to the resilience of their networks, integrators seem to have escaped the early months of the pandemic unscathed.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 22 Sep 2020 14:29:23 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1729403</guid>
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      <title>Huge UPS hub is big on freight</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1318079</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The United Parcel Service (UPS) operates the Worldport complex, a major hub next to the Louisville International Airport. Worldport generates a huge amount of freight each day, which is sorted using a highly-efficient automated system and sent on to final destinations. Most packages are collected during the day and sorted at smaller hubs around the world before being air-freighted to Worldport, where they arrive around midnight. In addition to air freight, the complex distributes rail freight through a nearby intermodal terminal. Recent expansions to the complex have improved its capacity, and officials are looking toward further development.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 27 Aug 2014 10:50:14 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1318079</guid>
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      <title>A translog cost function of the integrated air freight business: The case of FedEx and UPS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1306993</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper analyzes the cost structure of the integrated air freight business by means of a translog cost function. This allows to extend knowledge on the supply side and to examine if strategies of integrators are consistent with cost structure. The cost function is based on quarterly time-series data from 1990 to 2010 for FedEx and UPS. A total and a variable model are estimated. In addition, a static as well as a dynamic approach is followed. The authors find that integrators exhibit strong scale and density economies in the short and the long term. This result is in line with the aggressive expansion and cooperation strategies pursued by integrators. The authors' results indicate that the concentration in the integrated air freight industry will continue: a concern for industry actors and regulatory agencies.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 May 2014 11:42:03 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1306993</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Measured Laboratory and In-Use Fuel Economy Observed over Targeted Drive Cycles for Comparable Hybrid and Conventional Package Delivery Vehicles</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1246289</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The objective of this research project is to compare the in-use and laboratory-derived fuel economy of a medium-duty hybrid electric drivetrain with “engine off at idle” capability to a conventional drivetrain in a typical commercial package delivery application. Vehicles in this study included eleven model year 2010 Freightliner P100H hybrids that were placed in service during the first half of 2010 at a United Parcel Service (UPS) facility in Minneapolis, Minnesota. These hybrid vehicles were evaluated for 18 months against eleven model year 2010 Freightliner P100D diesels that were placed in service at the same facility a couple months after the hybrids were placed into service. Both vehicle study groups use the same model year 2009 Cummins ISB 200 HP engine. The vehicles of interest were chosen by comparing the average daily mileage of the hybrid group to that of a similar size and usage diesel group. The driving characteristics of the two study groups were examined in detail by collecting and analyzing two periods of global positioning system (GPS) and controller area network (CAN) bus data. Because of significantly different driving patterns, the results of this drive cycle study indicated a need to have the two investigated groups switch route assignments mid-study and UPS accommodated with the request. The in-use fuel economy was evaluated using UPS's fueling and mileage records, periodic electronic control module image downloads, and J1939 CAN bus recordings during the two periods of duty cycle study. The drive cycle analysis was used to select three standardized laboratory drive cycles that would encompass the range of real world in-use data. The NYC Composite cycle, the HTUF Class 4 cycle, and the CARB HHDDT cycle were tested at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory's (NREL) Renewable Fuels and Lubricants Laboratory (ReFUEL). The results of the tests showed that the hybrid vehicle demonstrated 39%, 45%, and 21% improvement in ton-mi./gal fuel economy on these test cycles, respectively. The analysis of the in-use fuel economy ranged from 13% to 29% hybrid advantage depending on the measurement method used and the associated delivery route assignment switch analysis showed 13% to 26% hybrid advantage on the less kinetically intense original diesel route assignments and 20% to 33% hybrid advantage on the more kinetically intense original hybrid route assignments.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 21 Mar 2013 09:25:07 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1246289</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>A spatial analysis of FedEx and UPS: hubs, spokes, and network structure</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1216141</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Despite their importance to the US economy and their rapidly increasing internationalization, relatively little has been published on the geography of Federal Express and United Parcel Service. This article assesses the evolution of the two firms' airline networks. Their hubs in the US and abroad are analyzed with attention given to location factors such as market centrality and intermediacy, supporting ground transportation networks, and competing and complementary airline networks. Their overall networks are compared with each other and with the networks of American Airlines and Southwest Airlines using several graph theory measures. FedEx and UPS are found to operate networks with a very high concentration of activity at their principal hubs (Memphis and Louisville, respectively), despite the proliferation of hubs and spokes in recent years. Finally, the future outlook for the two package express firms is examined. Key influences on their future spatial elaboration include aircraft technology and the uneven landscape of airline industry liberalization.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 31 Oct 2012 17:04:44 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1216141</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Thirty-Six Month Evaluation of UPS Diesel Hybrid-Electric Delivery Vans</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1213694</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This report focuses on a parallel hybrid-electric diesel delivery van propulsion system currently being operated by United Parcel Service (UPS). The hybrid propulsion system is an alternative to the standard diesel system and allows for increased fuel economy, which ultimately reduces petroleum use. This 36-month evaluation used six P70H hybrids and six P70D standard diesels that are located in two UPS facilities in the Phoenix, Arizona area. Dispatch and maintenance practices are the same at both facilities. Global Positioning System logging, fueling, and maintenance records are used to evaluate the performance of these hybrid step delivery vans. The hybrids had an average monthly mileage rate that was 18% less than that of the diesel vans. The hybrids were consistently driven a fewer number of miles throughout the evaluation period, but they also experienced extended downtime late in the first year as a result of an accident and Eaton calibration issues. The hybrids spent more time idling and operating at slower speeds than the diesels did, and the diesels spent slightly more time operating at greater speeds; this accounted for much of the hybrids’ fewer monthly miles. Other data in this report includes: fuel economy, maintenance costs, fuel costs, operating costs, and reliability.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 14 Sep 2012 11:14:42 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1213694</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>UPS turns 100, eyes growth</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/857836</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Subtitle: The package service is looking beyond the United States, offering delivery to worldwide destinations as the global economy expands.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 16 Jun 2008 13:22:46 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/857836</guid>
    </item>
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      <title>UPS, Teamsters still voting</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/846083</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Subtitle: Supplementals at issue as some locals balk, union says pact's certification still on track.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 28 Jan 2008 11:20:14 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/846083</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Teamsters continue talks with TMI; finalize UPS pact</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/845918</link>
      <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 28 Jan 2008 11:03:38 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/845918</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Delivering the goods</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/845884</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Subtitle: New labor landscape forms as Teamster approve UPS pact.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 28 Jan 2008 11:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/845884</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>UPS follows FedEx</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/845809</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Subtitle: Express carrier will raise air, international rates 6.9 percent, boost ground rates 4.9 percent.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 28 Jan 2008 10:52:12 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/845809</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>UPS to raise rates 4.9% on air, ground shipments</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/845756</link>
      <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 28 Jan 2008 10:46:53 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/845756</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>ADS-B on board</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/845672</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Subtitle: UPS Airlines takes aim at runway incursions and unstabilized approaches.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 28 Jan 2008 10:38:03 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/845672</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>International growth boosts UPS' 3Q profit</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/845341</link>
      <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 28 Jan 2008 10:01:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/845341</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Teamsters debate contract</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/845246</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Subtitle: Dissident union groups say proposed UPS parcel contract leaves part-time workers out in the cold.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 28 Jan 2008 09:50:19 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/845246</guid>
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