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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
    <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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      <title>A novel hybrid algorithm for damage detection in bridge foundations under complex underwater environments using ROV capture pictures</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2657161</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Underwater damage detection in bridge foundations is challenged by light attenuation, scattering, and noise. This study proposes an improved DeepLabV3 + method integrating optimized image enhancement and lightweight segmentation. Key innovations include: (1) A multi-stage enhancement strategy (Adaptive color enhancement-contrast limited adaptive histogram equalization（ACE-CLAHE）fusion, sharpness-weighted blending, adaptive filtering to restore colors, boost contrast, and highlight defects; (2) A MobileNetV4-based model with Dense Atrous Spatial Pyramid Pooling + Strip Pooling (DenseASPP+SP) modules and enhanced multi-scale attention(EMA)-convolutional block attention module attention(CBAM), balancing accuracy and efficiency. The method was evaluated in nine simulated aquatic environments, incorporating different turbidity agents (sediment, blue/red dye) and varying turbidity levels (low, medium, high). The experimental results show that the method achieves 89.69 % mIoU and 94.90 % mPA, surpassing the conventional DeepLabV3 + by 2.59 % and 1.82 %, respectively. In terms of lightweight design, compared to the original DeepLabV3 + model with Xception backbone, the proposed model reduces the parameter count by 12.30 % and the FLOPs by 87.70 %. Field tests at China’s South Dongting Bridge demonstrate robust performance, with 87.20 % IoU for cracks and 86.40 % for exposed rebar, outperforming manual inspections. This hybrid approach addresses critical limitations in underwater structural health monitoring through computational efficiency and reliable defect recognition.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 21 Apr 2026 14:30:15 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2657161</guid>
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      <title>Robustness verification of active 3D marker in turbid underwater environment and docking experiment in real sea</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1739311</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Aiming at developing underwater battery recharging system, the authors have been researching on automatic docking of an underwater robot using dual-eyes-based visual servoing and 3D marker without emission of light (passive 3D marker). In their previous researches, the authors conducted docking experiments in sea area, having verified the effectiveness in the day time in an environment with less turbid water condition. Given the situation that the docking aims for battery recharging in deep sea bottom, pitch-dark and turbid environment should be considered as inevitable condition. Since lighting passive 3D marker from vehicle in turbid water environment results in the images taken by video cameras set on the vehicle being looked wholly white, some new idea seems to be required. This proposal to overcome this difficulty is to introduce a lighting 3D marker (active 3D marker) that has LEDs inside. In this paper, recognition performances using active and passive 3D marker are compared, having confirmed that the new active marker with no-lighting from a vehicle could be recognizable in dark and turbid environment than the passive marker lighted from the vehicle. This has contributed to the actual sea docking in pitch-dark real sea environment.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 28 Sep 2020 09:39:45 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1739311</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>An underwater lighting and turbidity image repository for analysing the performance of image-based non-destructive techniques</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1486850</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Image processing-based methods, capable of detecting and quantifying cracks, surface defects or recovering 3D shape information are increasingly being recognised as a valuable tool for inspecting underwater structures. It is of great practical importance for inspectors to know the effectiveness of such techniques when applied in conditions. This paper considers an underwater environment characterised by poor visibility chiefly governed by the lighting and turbidity levels, along with a range of geometry and damage conditions of calibrated specimens. The paper addresses the relationship between underwater visibility and the performance of image-based methods through the development and calibration of a first open-source underwater lighting and turbidity image repository (ULTIR). ULTIR contains a large collection of images of submerged specimens that have been photographed under controlled lighting and turbidity levels featuring various forms of geometry and damage. ULTIR aims to facilitate inspectors when rationalising the use of image processing methods as part of an underwater inspection campaign and to enable researchers to efficiently evaluate the performance of image-based methods under realistic operating conditions. Stakeholders in underwater infrastructure can benefit through this first large, standardised, well-annotated, and freely available database of images and associated metadata.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 15 Nov 2017 11:34:11 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1486850</guid>
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      <title>Underwater Color Image Enhancement Using Combining Schemes</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1317664</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Underwater color image processing has received considerable attention in the last few decades for underwater image-based observation. In this article, a novel underwater image enhancement approach using combining schemes is presented. This study aims to improve color correction under nonuniform illumination conditions. The objective of this approach is threefold. First, to correct nonuniform illumination and enhance contrast in the image, homomorphic filtering is used. Second, the color contrast of an image is equalized by a contrast stretching algorithm in red, green and blue (RGB) color space. Finally, the noise amplified after the previous two steps is suppressed by using wavelet domain denoising based on threshold processing. The comparison of experimental results shows that the proposed approach of underwater image enhancement can correct the color imbalance and is especially suitable for processing underwater color images that have nonuniform lighting.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 31 Jul 2014 09:04:26 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1317664</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Long-term methods for high-definition image maps of benthic surveys</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1286599</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Coral reef health assessment has relied on benthic photographic surveys as an essential measurement tool for decades. The emergence of gigapixel image (1 billion pixels) stitching technologies makes possible the creation of high-definition benthic image map surveys (HDBIMS). These image maps provide the traditional overall percentage coverage data. In addition, they allow zoom capabilities in such detail that scientists can, for example, count the polyps on a coral head. While the image maps are easily viewed over the Internet, they are challenging to produce. Numerous previous studies have contributed to the advancement of high-definition benthic survey methods. This ongoing HDBIMS study is focused on production methods that (1) produce the best image quality for the lowest cost, (2) provide accurate and repeatable results at any depth over time, and (3) utilize off-the-shelf (OTS) stitching software that allows accurate results that can be reviewed in the field. This structured approach to image acquisition, integrated with the OTS grid-oriented stitching software, produces highly accurate benthic image maps.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 27 Jan 2014 10:45:49 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1286599</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Extended-Range Undersea Laser Imaging: Current Research Status and a Glimpse at Future Technologies</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1278520</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Recent advancements in obtaining visibility of undersea objects at extended ranges in coastal and oceanic waters are reviewed for the years 2009 to present. The paper focuses on the latest techniques that are utilized to reduce the undesirable effects of scattering, mainly due to suspended particulate within the imaging volume, leading to the loss of contrast and blurring characteristic of undersea optical images produced over long ranges. Several recent sets of experimental results obtained using both benchtop laboratory development systems as well as field-deployable prototypes of new system concepts are presented, with observed performance attributes being discussed. Simulation studies that make use of accurate radiative transfer physical models to enable design and operation of new system concepts within a turbid water environment are also presented. Finally, this paper includes a description and results from an extended-range laser system that has reached a level of packaging and automation necessary to be available as a commercial product.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 03 Dec 2013 09:11:36 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1278520</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Photo Mosaics in Shallow Water Environments: Challenges and Results</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/757134</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo mosaics of underwater sites are useful for interpreting sites and increasing the level of detail for areas too large for conventional photography.  While this tool has been used for years at deep-water sites using camera platforms, such traditional devices are difficult to use in areas that are too shallow or too rough to maintain a consistent distance to the site.  In addition, some sites, notably large shipwrecks, cannot be photographed at a well-maintained distance given the time constraints of many projects.  Finding alternative methods to collect data and create photo mosaics is necessary.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 28 Jun 2005 09:50:29 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/757134</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>PUBLIC TRANSPORT PRIORITY MEASURES IN HONG KONG</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/269615</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The territory of Hong Kong has some of the most densely developed urban areas in the world.  As a result serious congestion exists in many areas, often extending well beyond normal peak hours.  Nearly 90 percent of the population is dependent on public transport.  Early in 1981 the Hong Kong Public Works Department initiated a project for the investigation, planning, design and implementation of public transport priority schemes.  About fifty problems were consolidated into thirty one schemes.  Two factors which gave particular difficulty in scheme design were a) street traders and b) non-franchised buses (mainly minibuses). During the course of the project, extended to 21 months, nineteen individual schemes were implemented. After-studies of individual schemes showed substantial improvements in journey speeds.  The regularity of bus services was improved.  Evaluation of benefits to bus passengers and other road users indicated a first year return of about 400 percent.  For the covering abstract of the seminar see TRIS 450556.  (TRRL)]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 27 Aug 2004 21:56:24 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/269615</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>UNDERWATER WORKS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/658942</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The pace of controlled change and development continues to proceed rapidly in the hydrographic sector of the maritime industry. The sector is updating and improving existing equipment and products as well as producing new innovative high-tech hardware and software. Prominent among these innovations is the technology that allows for efficient and accurate mapping of underwater terrain to help eliminate groundings, establish more precise water depth, and organize dredging. This article discusses the latest international standards relating to underwater mapping technology and cites some specific examples of systems that are currently being tested and used in sea trials in various regions worldwide.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 09 Aug 2000 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/658942</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>THE NEW YORK MARITIME PHOTOGRAPHERS.</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/581088</link>
      <description><![CDATA[No abstract provided.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 28 Sep 1998 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/581088</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>A STUDY ON A METHOD FOR OBTAINING CONTROL INFORMATION FROM VISUAL INFORMATION (SECOND REPORT)</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/435748</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In the previous study, basic methods to estimate motion or attitude of the vehicle (camera), i.e. ego motion, from video image data obtained continuously by a video recorder were investigated, and several alternative methods to estimate the vehicle motion were evaluated by sample pictures. From the study, the possibility of the ego motion estimation at the sea floor, where few landmarks exist and images are blurred, is assured for the case where a human operator can recognise the motion visually, using full information and selecting appropriate estimating points. In this study, a more effective iterative estimating algorithm based on the Extended Kalman Filter is studied, and the availability of the method is evaluated by applying it to continuous video image data obtained from a camera moving in a two dimensional horizontal plane. By choosing appropriate filtering parameters, it is possible to get the accurate estimation within 1/3 of computing time needed for the previous methods.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 14 Aug 1995 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/435748</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>PHOTOGRAPHIC FOULING DOCUMENTATION FOR UNDERWATER CLEANING INVESTIGATIONS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/393248</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This report presents photographic documentation on the underwater condition of a ship's hull before and after removal of fouling. A survey plan is devised based on the docking plan of the five FF 1052 class ships under study. This plan assists the diver in establishing his position underwater relative to recognizable features of the hull and appendages.  Color photographs are used to provide a record of observations. Fouling of the ship is described as a process involving a sequence of ten fouling patterns. Each photograph is evaluated on the basis of these ten fouling patterns. A fouling pattern rating scale is used as a preliminary scheme for graphically presenting the information over a time frame. This graph constitutes the format for a correlation with speed/power curves that are computed in a separate report. Tentative findings pending completion of this study are that underwater cleaning did not damage the antifouling/anticorrosion paint system, accelerated algae fouling after underwater cleaning was not evident, and fouling in the Pacific is more severe than in the Atlantic and, therefore, requires different cleaning schedules.  (Author)]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 21 Jul 1994 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/393248</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>IMPROVED METHODS FOR SHIPBOARD EVALUATION OF ANTIFOULING PAINTS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/394984</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Improved methods have been developed for the shipboard evaluation of antifouling paints capable of extended service exceeding five years. Underwater photographic documentation enables the close-up study of antifouling paints while the ship remains in service. Test panels secured to the outboard side of the bilge keel permit the testing of a large number of candidate antifouling paints under actual service conditions.  Underwater measurements of roughness have provided revealing histograms that permit the comparative evaluation of ablative antifouling paints.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 21 Jul 1994 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/394984</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>SCIENCE--ENGINEERING--ADVENTURE</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/395053</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The five volumes of these proceedings are organized under the following session topics: underwater photography and sensing; marine recreation; diving; CTACTS (Charleston Tactical Aircrew Combat Training System); offshore and coastal structures; underwater welding, burning and cutting; advances in ocean mapping; wave energy; ocean thermal energy conversion; moorings; cables and connectors; remote sensing and satellites; marine minerals; acoustics analysis; database management; modeling and simulation; ocean current management; data acquisition; instrumentation; artificial reefs and fisheries; U.S. status and trends; education and technology transfer; coastal zone management; water quality; national monitoring strategies; indicator parameters/organisms; encountered data analysis; coastal and estuarine degradation; organotins; toxicity studies; environmental monitoring and modeling; advances in oceanography; applied oceanography; unmanned vehicles; ROV's (Remotely Operated Vehicles); manned vehicles; and oceanographic ships. For selected individual papers, see AN 2811-A1 to 2811-A19.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 21 Jul 1994 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/395053</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>LASER-AIDED QUANTITATIVE SAMPLING OF THE SEA BED</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/401014</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Underwater photographic surveys are often used for obtaining data applicable to long-term environmental studies. Difficulties arise, however, from interpretation of photographic data taken at differing camera ranges and angles with respect to the subject. A recently developed experimental system that uses structured illumination from helium-neon lasers has proven useful in the reduction of these camera positioning problems. The system design is discussed, and its response to positional changes under ideal conditions is evaluated. Operational advantages of the system are described, and plans for future implementation of structured illumination systems are presented.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 21 Jul 1994 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/401014</guid>
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