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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
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    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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      <title>Coexisting on the move: Mobility conflicts and urban injustice in the peripheries of Greater Tunis</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2652398</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Rapid urban expansion across the Global South has reshaped mobility, land use, and spatial accessibility. In many metropolitan regions, this growth has occurred through unregulated development, infrastructural fragmentation, and persistent territorial inequalities, affecting service quality and residents’ ability to move safely. As a result, everyday mobility often becomes negotiated and conflictual, marked by exclusion, vulnerability, and unequal access to road space. In this sense, mobility becomes a key indicator of spatial justice, as unequal access to safe, affordable, and reliable transport infrastructure reflects broader disparities in the distribution of urban opportunities. Rather than treating mobility inequalities as an isolated concept, this study interprets them as one of the concrete manifestations of spatial injustice, highlighting how the ability to move freely across space is unevenly distributed according to gender, income, location, and physical ability. Therefore, studying mobility in rapidly transforming Southern cities is not only a question of infrastructure provision but also of fairness, accessibility, and recognition in the use of public space. This perspective also underscores the importance of incorporating user participation into mobility planning, since questions of recognition and visibility cannot be understood without engaging with residents’ lived experiences of movement.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 26 Mar 2026 16:59:30 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2652398</guid>
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      <title>Engaging citizens from low-income communities in transport planning: experiences from peer research studies conducted in three African cities</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2628426</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper draws on experience from a series of transport-focused studies built round peer research with community members resident in low-income neighbourhoods at the periphery of three major cities: Abuja, Cape Town and Tunis. These were conducted firstly with young women aged 18–35 in all three cities over a four-year period (2019–2022, i.e. spanning the pandemic), followed by a recently completed pilot with young men in the same age group (but in this case restricted to Cape Town). The paper reflects firstly on the peer research methodology employed (including training procedures, ethical issues and context specific challenges/barriers) and the significant field outputs achieved by the groups concerned through their in-depth interviews, participant observation and mobility diaries. It then moves on to consider the engagement of the community peer researchers with city transport professionals and practitioners at our project stakeholder consultative group meetings and their potential for promoting the design of more inclusive, accessible and sustainable transport systems. While peer researchers' direct field evidence offers rare insights into the transport and mobility challenges that many marginalised residents of these low-income neighbourhoods experience in the everyday – perspectives that could be crucial to effective user engagement around transport issues in an Urban Living Lab - the actual patterns and potentialities of engagement within each city that might promote a more socially just travel environment are strongly shaped by a range of locally specific factors. These extend from resource and policy contexts set within distinctive local urban geographies, to the personalities and positionality of all actors involved.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 02 Dec 2025 09:53:43 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2628426</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Dynamic Pricing and Route Guidance: A Multi-Agent System for Effective Parking and Traffic Management</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2352374</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In a city center that is usually flooded with traffic, finding a parking space is a challenge for most commuters. Searching for parking generates additional urban traffic, increases energy consumption and vehicle emissions, and wastes time. This study examines how parking systems can be used as an effective tool for reducing traffic congestion. It proposes a new, smart approach to parking using real-time dynamic pricing and route guidance in a multi-agent system to better align supply and demand, thereby reducing both congestion and the amount of time spend by drivers searching for parking. To examine the effects of dynamic parking pricing on road traffic, we conducted a multi-agent open-source framework to simulate spatiotemporal distributions of daily individual activity. By extending MATSim, we were able to model parking usage more realistically. We developed several micro-simulation scenarios to evaluate strategy performance for both on-street and off-street parking in the city center of Tunis, Tunisia. The results show that dynamic pricing policies can be used to plan and manage parking areas more efficiently, minimizing the dispersion of parking occupancy lots. Variations in parking prices were shown to increase parking lot vacancies and reduce traffic congestion. Moreover, the system can also generate increased revenue for government and private-sector parking authorities while improving driver satisfaction. Finally, the parking dynamic pricing strategy promises a convenient mobility experience, while increasing efficiency and reducing the negative externalities of urban transportation.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 19 Mar 2024 15:18:33 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2352374</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>The Role of Mediterranean Cities and Regions in Building Urban Health Policies, in Particular Through Sustainable Urban Mobility Measures</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2160683</link>
      <description><![CDATA[With fast urbanization rates and growing multifaceted pressure on cities, urban health has become a paramount issue to be addressed at the institutional level. As such, the Mediterranean region is no exception, facing additional challenges related to its peculiar geographic and historical nature. The urban mobility sector plays a key role in determining the degree of people’s health in cities. Issues like traffic congestion, air and noise pollution, road safety and land consumption have in fact a direct impact on the creation of healthy urban environments, as well as the likelihood of citizens to develop diseases, high levels of stress and unhealthy lifestyles. Rabat and Tunis represent two examples of how Southern Mediterranean capital cities are trying to address these issues, promoting urban health by means of sustainable mobility measures. Both cities are currently implementing positive concrete actions in the framework of wider strategic planning, that are expected to improve the quality of people living in the cities by enhancing the mobility and transport sector. As key recommendations drawn by the two case studies and other European best practices, such measures shall be integrated into overall urban health strategies, in order to monitor their implementation and directly link their success or needed improvement to the achievement of clearly measurable targets. In this sense, local and regional authorities should deploy adequate resources to monitoring the impact of their policies, while promoting a participatory approach aimed at raising awareness among citizens, as well as at deeply understanding the needs of the communities impacted by their policies. To promote the translation of plans into action, it is key to ensure stable financial and political commitment, as well as a clear identification of responsibility within the implementing institutions.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 22 Jun 2023 09:49:12 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2160683</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Women's mobility and transport in the peripheries of three African cities: Reflecting on early impacts of COVID-19</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1857170</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper reflects on the mobility experiences of women in African cities in COVID-19, based on research conducted both prior to and following entry into the COVID-19 ‘moment’. It draws on material collected during an ongoing action research study aimed at addressing the everyday transport and mobility challenges faced by young women living in poor peripheral communities of three African cities – Abuja, Cape Town and Tunis. The project has the specific objective of supporting young women’s improved access to employment opportunities through trialling various mobility/transport-related skills interventions (based on prior in-depth analysis of mobility constraints). With the onset of COVID-19 some readjustments to the research focus and planned interventions became necessary. The research teams, together with an NGO partner, are now working to chart how young women's everyday experiences of mobility and transport - both as transport users and as transport sector workers - are changing as processes of lockdown and their relaxation evolve. The paper covers the period from early 2019 through to March 2021, and offers reflections regarding ‘lived experiences’ of mobility practice pre-pandemic, during the pandemic, and the potential longer-term mobility-related impacts for women resident in low-income neighbourhoods in a post-COVID-19 era. This leads to consideration of key policy lessons. There is potential for prioritisation of Non-Motorised Transport interventions towards a green restart that would benefit women (for instance through promoting women’s cycling), and for growing women’s participation as transport operators, even perhaps the usage of drones to aid women’s safer pedestrian travel. But such interventions will require far greater representation of women in COVID-19 and wider transport decision-making entities than has hitherto been the case.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 22 Oct 2021 09:02:33 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1857170</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Determining Optimal Deployment of Electric Vehicles Charging Stations: Case of Tunis City, Tunisia</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1629871</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Due to their reduced fossil fuel consumption and transportation-related emissions, Electric Vehicles (EV) are increasingly emerging. Nevertheless, one of the most important decisions for EV adoption is the planning of EV charging infrastructure. In this work, the authors address the real case of the centre of Tunis City, Tunisia, where potential charging stations could be located in parking and gas stations. The objective is to place and size EV charging stations in such a way that EV drivers can have access to chargers, within an acceptable driving range, while real world life constraints are respected. The authors also consider investment costs, as well as EV users’ convenience. Toward this end, five Integer Linear Programs based on weighted set covering models are proposed and solved to optimality. Computational experimentation provides optimal infrastructure schemes that public makers could adopt within the emerging environmental policy.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 27 Sep 2019 17:06:06 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1629871</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Social Acceptance of Alternative Mobility Systems in Tunis</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1447395</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The Tunisian capital Tunis faces major traffic challenges. Traffic jams and pollution affect the environment, mobility, life quality and health of its inhabitants negatively. As a developing country, Tunisia is expected to grow economically in the next decades. Conventionally, economic growth is accompanied by an increase in pollution. This article aims at suggesting mobility solutions that contribute to less pollution to circumvent the “growth/pollution” effect, and to improve people's mobility. The authors suggest an inter-suburb E-Minibus system. To evaluate the chances of successful implementation of this solution, social acceptance of innovative forms of mobility and the E-Minibus system are analysed.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 28 Mar 2017 17:09:13 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1447395</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Outdoor Thermal Comfort: Impact of the Geometry of an Urban Street Canyon in a Mediterranean Subtropical Climate – Case Study Tunis, Tunisia</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1396003</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper discusses the impact of the geometry of an urban street canyon on outdoor thermal comfort. The study focuses on the Mediterranean subtropical climate of Tunis, Tunisia. The investigation was carried out by using the ENVI-met model, and run for a typical summer day in Tunis. The authors compared three fabrics whose streets have various building height/street width (H/W) ratios and different orientations. The assessment of the outdoor thermal comfort was based on the Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI). The results showed that the deepest streets are the most comfortable. This research demonstrated the importance of the prospect of the street and its orientation in the creation of a comfortable environment.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 23 Feb 2016 15:27:04 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1396003</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Methodology to Evaluate Urban Interchanges in Developing Countries</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1091744</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Transportation projects that are implemented to boost the economy and regional development of developing countries are very expensive and require funds that are extremely scarce. Consequently, a thorough technical investigation is needed before launching these types of projects as opposed to the current state-of-practice that is influenced by personal interests or political desires. Sophisticated techniques including travel demand forecasting, microscopic traffic simulation, and evaluation of alternatives are needed to assure that a selected project is optimal. This paper presents a methodology to evaluate urban interchanges in developing countries which are built to replace saturated signalized intersections. The procedure consists of seven steps, namely the situation definition, the problem definition, the search for solutions, the analysis of performance, the evaluation of alternatives and project selection, the specification and construction, and the asset monitoring. The procedure was tested on a case study where four interchange systems were proposed to replace a signalized intersection. All alternatives were modeled using the INTEGRATION software in order to predict their performance in terms of travel time, fuel consumption, safety, and environmental impacts. Once the results of the microscopic traffic simulations were obtained, the analytic hierarchy process and ELECTRE procedure were used to select the best alternative among the four retained ones. The procedure was demonstrated to be easily implementable and cost-effective.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 23 Jun 2011 09:07:56 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1091744</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Projet d'un réseau intégré de transports collectifs dans la ville de Tunis</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/900150</link>
      <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 15 Sep 2009 15:04:36 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/900150</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Some Lessons from the LRT in Tunis and the Transferability of Experience</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/844400</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Considering the debate about the technological options to get a modern mass transport supply in developing cities the experience of Tunis is very interesting to analyse and appraise as this city is operating a LRT network since 1985. This paper presents the elements of success of this experience (satisfying level of patronage, moderate cost of investment, coverage of operating cost by receipts, accessibility of the central area…) but also its limits coming from the limited capacity at the city scale and the inability to stop the extension of the car use in the city. That means this project has to be completed by another one, more complex and costly which would consist of a railway regional network, which is now studied in detail. A short comparison is made with other cities in the Maghreb (Algiers, Casablanca) experimenting also the design of metro projects which were more ambitious but with less success. Among the lessons thrown from this experience one insists on the importance of studies which have accompanied the design and the implementation of the project.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 30 Jan 2008 11:53:36 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/844400</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Some Lessons from the LRT in Tunis and the Transferability of Experience</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/839950</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Considering the debate about the technological options to get a modern mass transport supply in developing cities the experience of Tunis is very interesting to analyse and to appraise as this city is operating a light rail transit (LRT) network since 1985. This paper presents the elements of success of this experience (satisfying level of ridership, moderate cost of investment, coverage of operating cost by receipts, accessibility of the central area, etc.) but also its limits coming from the limited capacity at the city scale and the inability to stop the extension of the car use in the city. That means this project has to be completed by another one, more complex and costly which would consist of a railway regional network, which is now studied in detail. A short comparison is made with other cities in Maghreb (Algiers, Casablanca) experimenting also the design of metro projects which were more ambitious but with less success as they could not yet be implemented. Among the lessons thrown from this experience one insists on the importance of studies which have accompanied the design and the implementation of the project.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 15 Nov 2007 10:33:02 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/839950</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Express Metro and Light Rail Will Support Capital's Growth</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/806220</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This article describes plans for an express rail network serving the greater Tunis area. It would consist of 85 km of high-capacity track, to be completed over the next 15 years. As one of the fastest growing cities in the Maghreb region, Tunis has a population that now exceeds 2 million, and it is expected to grow to nearly 3 million by 2021. Greater Tunis’ built-up area has doubled in the last 20 years with further expansion by means of satellite suburbs. The train system is intended to serve this growth. Financing from the European Investment Bank has allowed a major rehabilitation program of the 34-km network of light rail. Other upgrades are planned for the meter-gauge line running southeast from the capital along a 23-km route. It is one of the busier commuter lines, with 126 trains carrying about 80,000 passengers a day during the week. A five-line network is planned to divert longer-distance traffic from light rail over 84 km of rail and 90 km of bus routes that will serve interchanges at key locations.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 30 Apr 2007 08:07:01 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/806220</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>AFRICAN CRASHES POINT TO SAFETY DEFICIENCIES</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/594576</link>
      <description><![CDATA[No abstract provided.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 27 Aug 2002 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/594576</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>PRESENCE OF TUNIS TRANSIT IN THE CITY CENTER.</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/567565</link>
      <description><![CDATA[No abstract provided.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 09 Jul 1998 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/567565</guid>
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