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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
    <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <item>
      <title>ECONOMIC AND OPERATIONAL EVALUATION OF INTEGRATED TUG-BARGE SYSTEMS: COMPUTER PROGRAM DOCUMENTATION AND USER INSTRUCTIONS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/77285</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The intent of this computer program is to provide the user with a preliminary design tool to analyze and compare costs and economic benefits of ship and integrated tug-barge systems for transportation of (1) containers, (2) dry bulk, (3) neo-bulk, and (4) crude oil.  The program is designed to be highly user-oriented, with extensive interactive input sessions which give the user control over most design parameters that have an impact on the result.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 13 Jan 2004 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/77285</guid>
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      <title>SHIPHANDLING WITH TUGS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/393359</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Contents include chapters on the following: piloting; structural considerations; propulsion and steering; basic tug handling; communication between ship and tug; using tugs in a current; handling dead ships; salvage and emergency situations; integrated tug-barges; tugs and anchors; and using tugs in exposed waters.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sat, 21 Jul 2001 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/393359</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>BARGE CARRIER SYSTEMS: INVENTORY AND PROSPECTS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/76607</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This small book examines the use of Barge Carrier Systems in marine transport and also identifies possible areas of expansion.  The idea of carrying barges on an oceangoing ship became a reality as a way of moving goods more efficiently and economically.  On the other hand, the Container or RO/RO Ship is not a solution to what many accept as the fundamental problem--the slow unloading of the ship in port.  Following a discussion on technical characteristics of the various barge-carrying systems, Barge Carrier trade routes, comparative costing of systems, and the potential expansion of the barge-carrying system, the author concludes with some general advantages.  They are as follows: a) The use of Barge Carriers could be an important factor in reducing congestion in ports. b) Cargo handling from the barges can be undertaken at a wide variety of shallow draft docks and riverside facilities.  c) The most salient aspect of the barge is the versatility that derives from its ability to carry virtually any type of cargo--in this sense, the barge is in effect the ultimate form of unitization. d) The Barge Carrier provides a most logical solution to the transport problem in an energy conservation context--less Btu per ton-mile than railways, airways, or roads.  An extensive Bibliography containing 90 References on barge-carrying systems is appended.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 03 Dec 2000 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/76607</guid>
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      <title>EVOLUTION AND STATE OF THE ART OF THE LOG BARGE</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/456683</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The movement of tows, or cargoes, of logs through the coastal waters of British Columbia has progressed from the towing of immense floating "rafts" of wired-together logs in calm protected waters to sophisticated self-unloading/self-dumping barges capable of navigating in less-calm conditions without risk of destruction.  The evolution of these barges is described along with the ingenious method of quick offloading, or dumping, of cargo, and its attendant risks.  The principal particulars of some of the more successful, modern vessels, including tug-and-barge units, are given, as well as a brief overview of the state of the industry at large.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 27 Mar 1996 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/456683</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>OPTIMISATION OF PUSH-TOW SIZES</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/432764</link>
      <description><![CDATA[No abstract provided.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 14 Aug 1995 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/432764</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>TUG WORLD ANNUAL REVIEW</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/436921</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Details, including principal particulars of a large number of workboats, harbour tugs, coastal tugs, seagoing tugs, seagoing tugs, anchor handlers, salvage vessels and tug barge systems.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 14 Aug 1995 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/436921</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>SERVUS - 208-TEU INLAND WATERWAY CONTAINER CARRIER JOINS THE 'DE KORTE' FLEET</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/436928</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The SERVUS was built at the Slob Shipyard, Papendrecht, and completed by Baaijens at Raamsdonkveer for the De Korte family. The vessel's bow has been constructed for push towing. The vessel has been designed to carry containers in four tiers ranging from the standard 20 foot and 40 foot containers (TEU and FEU) to the new 45 foot units. General-arrangement drawings are given. Principal particulars are: Propulsion     2 x Deutz SBV GM length overall 110.00 m breadth moulded     11.40 m depth     3.80 m tonnage, deadweight 2,625 t container capacity  208 TEU]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 14 Aug 1995 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/436928</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>SZ-3 GYRORATE INDICATOR AND YAWMETER</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/437143</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The paper introduces the main performance indices and operating principle of the SZ-3 gyrorate indicator as well as the necessity of its application on board a large inland waterways pusher. The composition and principle of a yawmeter developed on the basis of SZ-3 gyrorate indicator are also presented.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 14 Aug 1995 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/437143</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>TUG BARGE SYSTEMS INTO THE 1990'S</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/438884</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Tug barge systems as a transportation concept entered the 1970's with great promise. However, over the last 20 years there has only been desultory developments of such units. The 1990's will see significant changes in the marine transportation industry that will create new opportunities for TBU's. This paper examines the economic and operational factors in the marine transportation industry that influence the selection of TBU's versus conventional manned and powered marine equipment. Examples are drawn from Canadian, U.S. and European environments to demonstrate new opportunities. A review of connection systems and their application is also given.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 14 Aug 1995 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/438884</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>TUG AND BARGE: PUSH OR PULL? THAT IS THE QUESTION</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/438897</link>
      <description><![CDATA[When a barge is towed by a tug, large yaw motions may occur due to course instability of the barge on tow. To reduce the width of path, skegs are fitted to the aft end of the barge; in fact these skegs generate drag to the stern and hence reduce the barge instability. Together with the drag of the towline, the pull required from the tug becomes appreciably larger than the hull resistance of the barge on a straight course. When a barge is pushed by a tug, the yaw motions of the barge are easily controlled by the rudder action in the propeller slipstream of the tug. Besides the propulsor acting in the combined wake of the tug and barge shows a far better total efficiency than behind the tug with the barge on tow. Based on the results of model tests for tugs and barges, a study has been made on the calm water performance of tug and barge systems. The consequences of pushing or pulling the barge on the required power of the tug are described in this paper.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 14 Aug 1995 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/438897</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>TUG/BARGE SYSTEMS - AN ECONOMICAL ALTERNATIVE FOR THE SHORT-SEA</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/440868</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Push tug/barge systems have been in operation for many years on inland waterways, however, it was not until the early 1970's that the sea-going tug/barge systems came into operation on a large scale.  The most important advantage of the system is the ability to separate the propulsion from the cargo compartment and big savings can be made through 'drop and swap' operations, where the circumstances allow this method.  The basic idea of such an operation is to keep the most expensive port, which is the tug and crew, fully utilised.  The tug is constantly moving barges between the ports, while in each port a barge is being loaded or discharged.  The development and features of the tug/barge system is described and the benefits discussed.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 14 Aug 1995 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/440868</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>A DRAFT STANDARD FOR TOWING TANK BARGES CARRYING OIL OR HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES IN BULK IN THE NORTHEASTERN UNITED STATES</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/445418</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper delineates the rationale underlying the technical and economic choices made for an engineered standard for towing equipment.  The standard addresses a system for towing potentially high liability cargoes where towing is a well-established and major part of the marine transportation industry.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 14 Aug 1995 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/445418</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>A REGULAR SERVICE ON THE "PO" RIVER - A TREND FOR NEW PUSHER TUGS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/445422</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A tug/barge system has been designed for the transport of liquefied petroleum gas on the River Po in Italy between Cremona and the Adriatic.  The paper explains the reasoning behind the decision to set up the system and details the design of the tugs and barges.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 14 Aug 1995 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/445422</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>INTEGRATED TUG-BARGE SYSTEMS FOR SHORT SEA SHIPPING IN EUROPE</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/446584</link>
      <description><![CDATA[No abstract provided.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 14 Aug 1995 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/446584</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>MEASUREMENT OF WAVE DRIFT FORCES ACTING ON TUG AND BARGE AT ZERO FROUDE NUMBER</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/447039</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The estimation of wave drift forces and moment is important for the manoeuvring simulation in waves of a towing system consisting of tug, towing rope and barge.  The wave drift forces and moment acting on the weakly restrained models of a tug and a barge were measured in oblique regular waves at zero Froude number and all six components of ship motion were also measured.  The drift moment as well as the drift forces showed good agreement with the calculation by Maruo-Newman's theory and it was confirmed that the drift forces and moment were significantly affected by ship motions for the wide range of wave length including very short wave length.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 14 Aug 1995 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/447039</guid>
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