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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
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    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
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      <title>TURNING THE TUG-TOWED SHIPS SYSTEM DUE TO THE STEERING OF THE LAST TOWED SHIP AND THE NEW COURSE KEEPING TEST</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/159168</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The authors have discussed course stability of tug-towed ships system in various issues of the above Journal (No. 42, 43, 44, 46 and 50,) and the turning ability of such a system is also treated in the Journal of The Society of Naval Architects of Japan No. 137 and 138. For the turning of a tug-towed ships system, with the steering of tugboat only, it only exists under the condition which the towing ropes' length is less than the critical towing ropes' length and the system falls into irregular motion when the towing ropes' length is longer than QcmrL.  In this paper, turning of this system will be discussed not only due to the steering of tugboat, but also with steering of the last towed ship, also the new orientation test of this system is treated as the steering function of tugboat without any towing constraint.  From the calculation results, we obtained the following conclusions: (1) Turning due to the steering of last towed ship also exists when the towing ropes' length is over the critical towing ropes' length Qcmr,L, and the magnitude of it depends on the rudder angle of last towed ship.  (2) If the rudder angle of last towed ship is great enough, the system falls into the irregular motion again.  (3) For the new orientation test of the tug-towed ships system a stable region of course stability is required.  (4) If the steering times for a ship are applied to the tugboat of the tug-towed ships system, desired heading angle for the new course changes together with the increment of the towing ropes' length, desired heading angle decreases as the length of towing rope increases.  (5) Preselected heading angle can be provided by the steering times.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 19 Nov 1980 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>THE EFFECT OF A NOZZLE ON STEERING CHARACTERISTICS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/5189</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A method is presented for predicting how the steering characteristics of a ship are affected by fitting a fixed nozzle.  The presence of a nozzle upstream appears to have a significant effect on the rudder forces.  Full-scale manoeuvring trials carried out with two twin-screw tugs, one with open propellers and the other equipped with nozzles, confirm the predicted trends.  It is concluded that propeller, nozzle and rudder should be designed in an integrated way to ensure that an optimum solution is obtained with regard to both propulsive and steering qualities.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 27 Sep 1973 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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