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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
    <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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      <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
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    <item>
      <title>Environmental Noise in Europe 2025: Summary for Policymakers</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2686619</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Millions of people across Europe are exposed to harmful noise levels from transport sources, making noise one of the leading environmental health risks in Europe. Noise pollution has serious health consequences, particularly contributing to cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, among a wide range of other conditions. Furthermore, noise pollution also harms terrestrial and marine ecosystems. The Environmental noise in Europe — 2025 report presents the latest data and analysis on noise pollution and its effects on human health and the environment across Europe. Now in its third edition, the report draws on information submitted by European Union (EU) Member States and other EEA countries under the 2022 reporting round of the Environmental Noise Directive (END). It focuses specifically on transport-related noise from road, railway and aircraft traffic. The report was prepared in partnership with the EEA's European Topic Centre on Human Health and the Environment.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 13 Jul 2026 13:51:35 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2686619</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Does noise pollution influence modal choices? A random forest application</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2582283</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This work investigates the relationship between noise pollution and modal choices exploring and comparing two different urban contexts: Greater London and Brisbane. To achieve this, data on commuting flows by mode of transport and estimated noise pollution have been obtained and combined with measures to characterise the built environment which demonstrated to have an influence on modal choices. Random forest models have shown very good performances in solving classification problems to predict transport modes and allow the exploration of non-linear relationships between the predicted classes and explanatory variables. Two random forest models have been tuned, trained and tested to investigate the association between modal choices and contextual variables, including noise pollution, in Greater London and Brisbane. Results have shown that noise levels play a role in predicting modal choices in Greater London, while the characteristics of the built environment are more relevant when predicting modal choices in Brisbane. Furthermore, the authors find that walking and cycling, despite being both active travel modes, are influenced by very different factors, with cycling displaying patterns more similar to those characterising driving. Evidence showing the varying relationships between walking and cycling with contextual variables, e.g. noise levels, building and street density, presence of amenities can inform more targeted policies to encourage active travel.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 22 Aug 2025 17:24:07 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2582283</guid>
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      <title>Development and validation of a new asphalt mixture to reduce tyre-road contact noise in interurban areas</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2451752</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Road transport is one of the most important sources of noise emissions having a serious impact on human health. Thus, the objective of this study is to develop an innovative asphalt mixture that decreases noise from tyre and pavement interaction on highways with average speeds of about 80 km/h. To achieve this, a series of mechanical and functional tests were conducted both in the laboratory and at the Gustave Eiffel University Accelerated Pavement Testing (APT) facility. The new experimental mixture achieves a balance between high void content and low macro-texture (wavelengths of 5–50 mm), which improves noise reduction while maintaining good mechanical performance. This is achieved thanks to its two-layer structure, with a top layer of reduced maximum aggregate size (4 mm) and a thickness suitable for optimum sound absorption. Various mechanical tests, including the particle loss test and the water sensitivity test, along with functional evaluations focusing on texture, flow resistivity and sound absorption properties, were performed. Measurements on the APT were taken at three different stages of the pavement service lifetime during the testing phase. The outcome was the production of an asphalt mixture that reduced noise up to 6.8 dB in comparison to an asphalt concrete road.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 27 Nov 2024 13:42:29 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2451752</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Experimental study on flexural behavior of new type of prestressed reactive powder concrete sound barrier for high-speed rail</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1909590</link>
      <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 07 Feb 2022 14:17:53 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1909590</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>New vehicle noise emission for French traffic noise prediction</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1681732</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Traffic noise prediction models in France are based on vehicle noise emission values defined by the French Guide du Bruit des Transports Terrestres (Noise Guide for Ground Transport - Noise levels prediction). These emission values are suited for models addressing the noise assessments of road infrastructures and the dimensioning of acoustic protections, needing traffic noise estimations in terms of AAeq over a long period of time (an hour or more). The values, obtained from measurements collected in the 70s, are updated in the publication of a new guide (Methodological Guide, Vehicle noise emissions, to be published), which addresses the road surface influence on tyre/road noise. The emission values are now expressed through the contributions of a power unit component, function of traffic speed, traffic flow type and road declivity, and of a rolling noise component, function of traffic speed and road pavement. The paper outlines the procedures followed to determine the components, gives their numerical values, and illustrates some vehicle noise emissions.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 28 Jan 2020 16:17:49 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1681732</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Redovisning av regeringsuppdrag kring trafikens samhällsekonomiska kostnader : SAMKOST 3</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1660887</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Starting in 2013, VTI has been tasked with three government missions to improve knowledge about the traffic's socioeconomic costs. SAMKOST 3 has covered all modes of transport, but focus has been on maritime transport and aviation. The main purpose of the analysis is to improve the knowledge about the external costs of the traffic i.e. costs of accidents, congestion, noise, air pollution and climate impact. This final report summarizes the results of the sub-reports that have been prepared to meet the purpose. An important part of the analysis has been an in-depth discussion of the role of Sweden’s carbon dioxide tax on fuels to limit emissions.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 23 Oct 2019 11:21:43 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1660887</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Adverse Impact of Nocturnal Transportation Noise on Glucose Regulation in Healthy Young Adults: Effect of Different Noise Scenarios</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1605827</link>
      <description><![CDATA[BACKGROUND: Epidemiological evidence indicates an association between transportation noise exposure and a higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes. Sleep disturbances are thought to be one of the mechanisms as it is well established that a few nights of short or poor sleep impair glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in healthy good sleepers. OBJECTIVES: The present study aimed to determine the extent to which exposure to nocturnal transportation noise affects glucose metabolism, and whether it is related to noise-induced sleep alterations. METHODS: Twenty-one young healthy volunteers (nine women) participated in a six-day laboratory study starting with a noise-free baseline night, then four nights sleeping with randomly-presented transportation noise scenarios (three road and one railway noise scenario) with identical average sound level of 45dB but differing in eventfulness and ending with a noise-free recovery night. Sleep was measured by polysomnography. Glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity were measured after the baseline, the last noise night and the recovery nights with an oral glucose tolerance test using Matsuda and Stumvoll insulin sensitivity indexes. Eleven participants were assigned a less eventful noise scenario during the last noise night (LE-group), while the other ten had a more eventful noise scenario (ME-group). Baseline metabolic and sleep variables between the two intervention groups were compared using a non-parametric Mann-Whitney U test while mixed models were used for repeated measure analysis. RESULTS: All participants had increased glucoseAUC (mean+/-SE, 14+/-2%, p<0.0001) and insulinAUC (55+/-10%, p<0.0001) after the last noise night compared to the baseline night. 2h-glucose level tended to increase only in the ME-group between baseline (5.1+/-0.22mmol.L-1) and the last noise night (6.1+/-0.39mmol.L-1, condition: p=0.001, interaction: p=0.08). Insulin sensitivity assessed with Matsuda and Stumvoll indexes respectively decreased by 7+/-8% (p=0.001) and 9+/-2% (p<0.0001) after four nights with transportation noise. Only participants in the LE-group showed beneficial effects of the noise-free recovery night on glucose regulation (relative change to baseline: glucoseAUC: 1+/-2%, p=1.0 for LE-group and 18+/-4%, p<0.0001 for ME-group; Stumvoll index: 3.2+/-2.6%, p=1.0 for LE-group and 11+/-2.5%, p=0.002 for ME-group). Sleep was mildly impaired with increased sleep latency of 8+/-2min (<0.0001) and more cortical arousals per hour of sleep (1.8+/-0.6arousals/h, p=0.01) during the last noise night compared to baseline. No significant associations between sleep measures and glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity were found. CONCLUSION: In line with epidemiological findings, sleeping four nights with transportation noise impaired glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity. Based on the presented sound exposure, the eventfulness of the noise scenarios seems to play an important role for noise-induced alterations in glucose regulation. However, the authors could not confirm their hypothesis that transportation noise impairs glucose regulation via deterioration in sleep quality and quantity. Therefore, other factors, such as stress-related pathways, may need to be considered as potential triggers for noise-evoked glucose intolerance in future research.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 22 Jul 2019 10:32:25 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1605827</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Transport Barriers and Its Health Implications in Asunción</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1635422</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Asunción is the capital of Paraguay, a landlock country in South America. The level of urbanization in the city is increasing at a fast rate without proper planning. Local transport problem-symptoms can be related to health issues in the city, yet there are no official studies. This is a pioneering work describing transport-and-health-links in Asunción city. Transport-and-health-links in Asunción in relation to the international context are investigated. Local transport problem-symptoms affecting health are identified and discussed based on impact on physical activity, space usage, air pollution, and noise pollution. A comprehensive framework for future empirical research and planning is proposed, and policies and recommendations are given. Asunción city and peripheral areas have high rates of private vehicle usage – triggered by fast-growing urban sprawl and city population – as well as low levels of public transport service. Virtually no collaboration between transport and health authorities/planners has been identified. Infrastructure has greatly favored usage of private vehicles, and the rate of obesity is increasing in the country and over 30% of the population have very high levels of physical inactivity. Barriers that hold back progress in transport (and could positively affect health) are identified. For the way forward, key considerations to improve polarized perceptions of users regarding private vehicle usage and lack of awareness regarding benefits and externalities of different modes of transport are indicated. In addition, suggestion of young adults on alternative usage of spaces to enhance active mobility are mentioned.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 22 Jul 2019 07:58:48 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1635422</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>The value of travel time, noise pollution, recreation and biodiversity: A social choice valuation perspective</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1630719</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Environmental effects of transport projects have a weak position in Cost-Benefit Analysis (CBA) which might be rooted in the valuation approach adopted in the dominant style of CBA. This conventional valuation approach has been criticized for not valuing positive and negative impacts of transport projects in relation to each other and for not valuing such impacts in a public context, but in the context of private decisions. These critiques might be circumvented through valuing transport projects in a social choice context in which overall burdens and benefits of proposed transport projects are considered together in a public context. The authors investigate the extent to which a social choice valuation approach produces different outcomes than a conventional valuation approach. The authors conducted four social choice valuation experiments in which respondents were asked to choose between alternatives for a new road, trading off travel time and three environmental impacts (noise, recreation and biodiversity). The authors'  findings suggest that, under social choice valuation, individuals assign substantially more value to environmental impacts than travel time as compared to conventional valuation studies. Moreover, in a social choice setting, respondents assigned monetary values to impacts that are not (or only qualitatively) considered in conventional CBAs of transport projects.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 27 Jun 2019 13:59:25 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1630719</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Bureau of Transportation Statistics National Transportation Noise Mapping Tool</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1515799</link>
      <description><![CDATA[By most forecasts, the U.S. population is projected to grow by over 100 million by 2050. As demand for transportation increases, transportation-related noise will also change. The Bureau of Transportation Statistics (BTS) has started a national, multi-modal transportation noise mapping initiative to facilitate the tracking of trends in transportation-related noise as changes occur at an unprecedented rate. This document describes the methodology and assumptions included in the National Transportation Noise Mapping Tool (NTNMT) which produces noise inventory layers for aviation and roadway transportation sources. Future versions of the tool are envisioned to include additional transportation noise sources (e.g. rail, maritime).]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 25 Jun 2018 13:49:46 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1515799</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Urban Noise Analysis Using Multinomial Logistic Regression</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1400012</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The research uses a database of urban noise data collected continually from April 2013 to March 2014 at 10 sites in Dublin, Ireland. The first objective of the paper is to investigate if the morning daily noise level peak is related to transport characteristics of households, such as car ownership levels, the mode by which people travel to work, and morning work trip departure time. Data from the 2011 Irish census is used to provide the information on households and this is tested against noise measurement levels. The second objective is to examine the relative importance of the spatial and temporal variables of location, month of the year, weekday, and hour of the day in predicting urban noise levels using a multinomial logistic regression model. The results show that the transport household characteristics examined do not appear to influence noise levels. The outcome from the regression model demonstrates that location is the most important variable followed in order by hour of the day, month of the year, and weekday in predicting urban noise levels.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 01 Mar 2016 09:19:46 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1400012</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>A generalized approach for measuring the marginal social costs of road transport in Europe</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1396528</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Social marginal cost pricing requires bottom-up calculations of social marginal costs for all circumstances. Because this is not practicable for policymaking, the authors suggest an approach to generalize available cost estimates and present results from this for two case studies. The authors conclude that in the peak period congestion costs are the most important externality of road use, and that accidents, wear and tear, and noise costs all appear to be more important than global warming. This suggests that the policy priority should be measures to tackle the other elements of transport externalities alongside global warming costs.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 29 Feb 2016 16:57:03 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1396528</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Experimental research on noise emanating from concrete box-girder bridges on intercity railway lines</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1339893</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Simply supported pre-stressed concrete box-girder bridges are the most common bridge type found on high-speed railway and urban rail transit lines in China. A field experiment has been conducted on the Pixian Viaduct of the Chengdu–Dujiangyan Intercity Railway, where two kinds of simply supported pre-stressed concrete box-girder bridges with a standard span of 32 m are used, one single track and the other double track. Characteristics of the noise underneath the box-girder, far from the bridge, and near the bridge gap were measured and analyzed in the time and frequency domains during high-speed train passage, as was the vibration of the box-girder’s bottom plate. The variations of noise with distance and train speed at locations 1.5 and 9 m above ground level were measured and fitted using mathematical formulae. A simplified formula to predict near-field bridge-borne noise was proposed and verified. The peak bridge-borne noise frequency and its tonal characteristic at 50 and 63 Hz for the double-track and single-track box-girders, respectively, were interpreted in terms of bridge vibration and sound radiation efficiency, respectively. The vibration/noise transfer function and coherence were evaluated, showing that vibration resonance is more significant than acoustic coincidence and that the former is more important in terms of noise reduction.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 29 Jan 2015 09:20:34 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1339893</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Supplemental Guidance on the Application of FHWA’s Traffic Noise Model (TNM)</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1326369</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Beginning in the 1970s, the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) developed and improved a series of computerized noise prediction models to aid states in complying with FHWA’s noise policies and regulations.  FHWA’s Transportation Noise Model is a computer program used for predicting noise levels and therefore impacts in the vicinity of highways, and it uses advances in personal computer hardware and software to improve upon the accuracy and ease of modeling highway noise, including the design of effective, cost-efficient highway noise barriers. FHWA has provided substantial guidance for the routine application of TNM but scenarios exist for which there is no technical guidance. Out of necessity and without technical guidance, TNM users have independently developed techniques to assemble and input data into the TNM to analyze these scenarios. Typically these techniques have not been validated with field measurements, and the accuracy of their results is unknown.  In this project, best practices and supplemental existing guidance were identified on applying TNM to accurately, consistently, and efficiently model structure-reflected noise; bridge expansion joints; signalized interchanges; intersections; area sources (e.g., weigh stations, park and ride lots, toll facilities, and service plazas);  median barriers; and roundabouts. This research determined the sensitivity and accuracy of methods to model multilane highways, rows of buildings, topography,  ground zones, and tree zones, and identified best practices for input parameters. The research also synthesized the state of practice for analyzing the effects of wind direction and temperature inversion on sound propagation. The report is organized by scenario, and experienced transportation analysts, modelers, and designers should find this guidance immediately useful in using TNM to model noise impacts under these scenarios.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 08 Oct 2014 11:08:27 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1326369</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Locomotive noise synopsis</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1301024</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Since the 1980s the issue of noise generated by the rail industry has gained increasing attention. The various train operators, in response to environmental pressures, have gradually introduced noise level restrictions to the rolling stock that they have purchased and have even retrofitted some rolling stock with noise abatement equipment. Locomotives have been identified for particular attention due to the large noise differential that exists between the locomotive and freight wagons/passenger cars. By nominating separate noise controls for locomotives, more realistic noise limits can be established and, at the same time, still maintain control of wagon and passenger car noise levels. The purpose of this paper is to outline some of the issues surrounding the noise control of locomotives. The first part of the paper contains a review of the terms used in the study of noise and the background to setting noise level limitations and the second part of the paper describes the locomotive noise modelling process generally adopted by the industry.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 04 Mar 2014 20:14:59 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1301024</guid>
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