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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
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    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <item>
      <title>Bilevel Optimization and Heuristic Algorithms for Integrating Latent Demand into the Design of Large-Scale Transit Systems</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2709158</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Capturing latent demand has a pivotal role in designing transit services, as omitting these riders can lead to poor quality of service and/or additional costs. This paper explores this topic in the design of transit networks by considering the perspectives of both the transit agencies and riders. The paper presents a generic bilevel optimization model—namely, the Transit Networks Design with Adoptions (TN-DA)—that considers the network design decisions in the leader problem and routing of the riders in the follower problem under the given network design, while allowing a black-box choice function for representing the adoption behavior of latent demand. The paper then identifies structural properties of the optimal solution of the TN-DA problem, which are desirable for transit agencies for capturing adoption behavior of the riders. The paper further provides guideline metrics for the transit agencies based on these desired adoption properties. Because of the computational complexity of this bilevel problem, the paper proposes five efficient heuristic algorithms to solve large-scale instances, which leverage an iterative procedure by solving a simpler version of the TN-DA problem and integrating the evaluation of rider choices. These algorithms either satisfy the desired properties of the optimal solution or provide fast approximations. The paper presents extensive large-scale case studies on two different transit systems by utilizing real data sets: (i) On-demand Multimodal Transit Systems (ODMTS) and (ii) Scooters-Connected Transit Systems (SCTS). The results demonstrate that under time limits, the heuristic algorithms can find high-quality solutions satisfying key adoption properties of the optimal solutions much faster than the exact approaches over various large-scale instances of ODMTS and SCTS.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 31 Aug 2026 10:31:31 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2709158</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Applying STAMP to aviation state safety oversight: An integration framework</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2726752</link>
      <description><![CDATA[State Safety Oversight (SSO) is a fundamental process in aviation, through which Civil Aviation Authorities (CAAs) collect and evaluate safety data to assess state-level safety performance. To support these activities, CAAs are required to implement a State Safety Program and a National Aviation Safety Plan. However, the effective implementation of these frameworks depends on the availability of credible inputs for monitoring and managing safety. Current safety performance monitoring practices rely predominantly on quantitative analyses, which are often constrained by data scarcity and implicit assumptions that past trends reliably predict future system behavior. Advances in safety, however, provide opportunities to complement these approaches with qualitative analyses capable of addressing the complexity of modern aviation systems. This paper proposes the use of a systemic approach to safety (specifically Systems-Theoretic Accident Model and Processes) to expand qualitative analysis at the state level. An integration framework consisting of several procedures covering key state-level functions is proposed, supporting the implementation of the systemic approach within SSO to provide a more accurate representation of state safety performance and new ways of managing it. The framework was developed using a qualitative research approach combining a review of current SSO practices and regulatory requirements with expert input from two Central European CAAs. The proposed procedures were demonstrated on representative case studies based on existing System-Theoretic Process Analyses and further assessed through qualitative expert feedback.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 21 Jul 2026 09:49:50 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2726752</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Highway Occurrence Investigation in Taiwan</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2671487</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Taiwan is one of the first Asian countries to join the International Transportation Safety Association (ITSA) and is also one of the few countries to establish an independent investigation authority with a comprehensive scope of different transportation models, including aviation, maritime, railways, and highways. Initially, the Aviation Safety Council (ASC) was established in Taiwan in 1998 and played a vital role in aviation occurrence investigation. The ASC has reorganized into the Taiwan Transportation Safety Board (TTSB), separated from the Ministry of Transportation and Communications and under the administration of Executive Yuan, in 2019. Since then, the Highway Occurrence Investigation Division of TTSB has investigated 13 highway occurrences, 10 of which have been completed. It also issued 132 highway safety recommendations. Most of the cases can be classified into different categories, and the diversity of collision patterns and safety recommendations are crucial references for the authorities concerned. The TTSB has urged the Taiwanese government and the public to put more emphasis on certain Transportation Safety Issues through not only occurrence investigation but also the Safety Issues of Concern and the Interim Safety Bulletin. Currently, only a few countries have relevant investigation experiences of electric vehicles and autonomous vehicles. Taiwan is also establishing its investigation skills for alternative fuel safety and automated safety technologies to improve transportation safety.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 30 Jun 2026 16:05:36 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2671487</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Efficient Mobility for Rural Communities</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2683240</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Rural communities face unique transportation challenges due to low population density, dispersed destinations, and limited resources. Efficient mobility requires strategies that both optimize existing transit systems and embrace innovative service models. This project integrates two lines of research that can support efficient mobility and access to active modes and destinations in rural areas. The first focuses on right-sizing rural transit fleets and the second, on analyzing modal shifts from shared-use mobility services.  

On the vehicle procurement side, rural agencies must balance capital and operating costs, service quality, and reliability while meeting the capacity needs of their riders. When procuring vehicles, rural transit operators choose between transit buses, cutaways, vans, and minivans of various sizes. Each has its own advantages and disadvantages regarding capital costs, operating costs, performance, service quality, and ability to meet the needs of their users. This study builds upon previous research to develop spreadsheet-based user tools that can help rural agencies and state departments of transportation (DOTs) make these decisions. This research improves upon the decision tools developed in a previous study by incorporating new models for the capacity needs of rural transit. Previous decision tools provide guidance on the types and sizes of vehicles to procure but they lack the ability to estimate capacity needs for individual agencies. This study develops a vehicle procurement decision model that incorporates a more sophisticated capacity needs analysis. The result will be a tool that estimates capacity needs of an agency and provides guidance on the number, types, and sizes of vehicles that can best meet that capacity need while improving efficiency and meeting the unique needs of the transit agency.  

A second tool to be developed by the study is an optimization tool. The study will improve upon a previously developed optimization model by incorporating more detailed estimates for lifecycle costs of different types and sizes of vehicles. The study will consider transit buses, cutaways, vans, and minivans of different sizes and seating capacities and include more detailed analysis of the operating costs for each vehicle type and the overall lifecycle costs. This will be incorporated into an optimization model that will minimize total costs, including capital and operating costs, for an agency while meeting capacity needs and service requirements and considering the impact of the fleet configuration on service quality.  

At the same time, emerging technology-enabled shared-use services—such as ridesourcing, microtransit, bikesharing, and carsharing—are transforming mobility in rural areas. By analyzing National Household Travel Survey data and documenting real-world deployments, the study will evaluate adoption patterns, service models, and performance outcomes of rural shared-use systems. This analysis will identify factors contributing to the success or failure of shared-use mobility initiatives and provide actionable strategies for rural agencies and policymakers . ]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 24 Mar 2026 14:22:18 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2683240</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Data to Deployment: A Toolkit for Evaluating Microtransit Service in Rural Communities.</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2672989</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This project develops a deployable, data-driven toolkit to help rural transit agencies evaluate and plan microtransit and other flexible service models. Current accessibility tools are designed or evaluated primarily for urban contexts, leaving rural regions without suitable methods to quantify access gaps, simulate service alternatives, or identify suppressed travel demand. Using case studies in Rockingham County (NC), Hall County (GA), and Baldwin County (AL), the project integrates parcel-level geospatial analysis, community surveys, fleet-based wait-time modeling, and open-source tools (such as r5py and fleetpy) into a unified computational pipeline. Agencies will be able to simulate tiered service models such as fixed-route, flexible microtransit, and configurations incorporating near-market autonomous shuttles, and test trade-offs in service coverage, wait times, and costs. Deliverables include an open-source evaluation pipeline, a latent demand identification framework, county-level simulation reports, and an interactive dashboard. The project emphasizes usability and direct deployment, supporting local transit providers with evidence-based insights tailored to their region.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 23 Feb 2026 14:05:02 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2672989</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Putting Thredbo recommendations into practice: Case studies from the Singapore Land Transport Authority</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2560009</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Employing the Strategic-Tactical-Operational framework popularly used by the Thredbo research community, this paper describes how the latest workshop recommendations crystallised at the Thredbo 18 conference in Cape Town in 2024 are being put in practice by the Land Transport Authority, Singapore. Through the use of three case studies, namely the Bus Contracting Model, the New Rail Financing Framework, and Friendly Streets, the value of the Thredbo Conference Series for Authorities and Regulators around the world is amply demonstrated.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 01 Oct 2025 11:36:31 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2560009</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Public transit in transition: The “new normal” or a return to normal?</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2583563</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The Covid-19 pandemic led to precipitous reductions in transit ridership. As the pandemic has subsided, transit use has remained well below pre-pandemic levels. Understanding how to attract riders to transit is critical to sustain transit viability in the long term. In the first part of this paper, the authors evaluate who had returned to transit in Fall 2022, factors affecting the decision to use transit, and intentions for future transit use using a panel survey collected in two Canadian cities as the pandemic was waning. Most transit riders indicated that the pandemic no longer affected their daily lives but that its effects were here to stay. While many transit riders had fully returned to transit, about half intended to use transit less frequently than they did before the pandemic and about 10 % did not intend to return at all. Pandemic-era factors such as telecommuting and increased vehicle access contributed to declining ridership. At the same time, high quality transit service continued to be an important determinant of the choice to use transit regardless of when transit riders returned or whether they planned to return. The findings of the Canadian survey echo results from prior research conducted in Canada and elsewhere, raising questions about transit agency efforts to reverse declining ridership and the potential for long-lasting changes to Canadian public transit systems. In the second part of this study, they track Canadian transit providers' efforts to sustain the viability of transit systems during and after the pandemic using trends in transit service, use, costs, and revenue. In Canada a large influx of federal funds initially buffered the financial impacts of the pandemic. Trends suggest that this has allowed transit providers to maintain or minimally reduce transit service to try to reverse ridership declines. Transit agencies experienced a gradual but partial recovery of ridership, differing from growing ridership observed from 2011 to 2019. Additionally, as federal funds declined some reported facing funding gaps. Persistent reductions in ridership, fare recovery, and operational efficiencies highlight ongoing challenges to transit agencies. Taken together, their analysis highlights the potential for long-lasting change in transit ridership and transit service provision models in Canada. In light of the critical mobility that transit systems provide for those who rely on it, transit agencies and policy makers may seek to return to normal by securing sustained funding and rebuilding ridership through service improvements and service updates that meet the needs of today's riders and coordinated land use planning. For some agencies, the altered transit landscape may prompt consideration of new operational models, including vehicle right-sizing and innovative shared mobility models. The best path forward depends on each region's context and objectives.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 30 Sep 2025 09:33:31 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2583563</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Transit Recovery in the Aftermath of Severe Weather Events: Current State of Practice</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2582402</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Severe weather events impact transit agency operations, equipment, and infrastructure. In recent decades, billions of dollars of transit assets have been destroyed by climate-related disasters. This has resulted in millions of passengers being deprived of reliable transit service. TCRP Web-Only Document 70: Improving the Resilience of Transit Systems Threatened by Natural Disasters, Volume 1: A Guide (2017) offered practices for transit systems of all sizes to absorb the impacts of disaster, recover quickly, and return rapidly to providing the services that customers rely on to meet their travel needs. While transit agencies have policies to address disruptive events and severe weather, many remain without formal emergency plans. This synthesis documents the current state of practice around transit recovery plans. The synthesis identifies how often transit agencies have recovery plans, what is included in recovery plans, the timing of recovery, measurements of recovery success, and how agencies finance recovery. This report begins with a literature review synthesizing interdependencies of recovery, guidelines and resources for recovery, the recovery plans, and financing recovery. Then, a survey is discussed that was administered to 24 bus-only agencies to develop a better understanding of recovery plans at bus transportation agencies. In-depth case examples are then presented of five of the agencies to provide an overview of the agency recovery plan, typical recovery time, recovery approaches, local/community coordination, and any funding received for recovery. Lessons the agencies learned from their recovery experiences are then discussed. The report concludes with identifying recovery planning benefits, contents, community, funding, and resilience and then identifying eight areas for future research.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 31 Jul 2025 15:26:17 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2582402</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Synthesis of Information Related to Transit Practices. Topic SA-66. Measuring and Mitigating Risk in Transit Automation Testing and Implementation</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2576272</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Public transit agencies are increasingly deploying automation and artificial intelligence (AI) across customer-facing services, operations and management functions, and safety systems, with varying levels of technological sophistication. These technologies shift traditional human responsibilities to including monitoring, decision-making, and control, to systems operating within defined safety and operational boundaries. However, agency approaches to evaluating and mitigating risk vary widely, particularly in areas such as false positives and negatives, regulatory compliance, system validation and testing, and stakeholder coordination, creating challenges for consistent and safe implementation across the industry.

The Transit Cooperative Research Program (TCRP) has begun examining automation and AI adoption through several efforts, including TCRP J-11/Task 27 on low-speed automated vehicles and TCRP Research Report 232 on workforce impacts, with additional studies underway. Despite this growing body of work, no research currently provides a comprehensive roadmap to guide transit agencies through procurement, testing, validation, deployment, and ongoing management of these systems. As agencies move from pilot projects to broader implementation, this gap represents a critical need within current TCRP research.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this synthesis is to document current practices used by public transit agencies to evaluate and mitigate safety and operational risks associated with automation and artificial intelligence (AI). This includes approaches to risk profiling, testing and validation, and balancing innovation with regulatory and safety requirements. The primary audience for this synthesis is public transit agency staff responsible for the planning, procurement, implementation, and oversight of automation and AI systems, as well as technology vendors.

]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 16 Jul 2025 13:59:02 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2576272</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Synthesis of Information Related to Transit Practices. Topic SB-47. Innovative Partnerships for Enhancing Rural Public Transportation</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2576270</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Defined as recipients of FTA 5311 funding, rural and tribal transit agencies face unique challenges in providing suitable and effective public transportation services to their customers. Limited funding, low population densities, and long travel distances contribute to difficulties in maintaining traditional transit models. To address these challenges, many rural transit agencies have developed innovative partnerships with various stakeholders, including local governments, non-profit organizations, healthcare providers, private companies, and ride-sharing services. These partnerships leverage shared resources, integrate services, and enhance mobility options for residents in these areas. As innovative collaborations become more common, standardized approaches to forming, managing, and sustaining these partnerships would provide valuable guidance for rural transit agencies.

OBJECTIVE: 

This synthesis will document how these public transit agencies:

    Initiate and sustain partnerships to improve service and cost efficiency,
    Expand service coverage, and
    Enhance mobility options.

It will identify different types of formal and informal partnerships, funding mechanisms, service integration strategies, and operational challenges associated with these collaboration efforts and identify key strategies and lessons learned from public transit agencies across the country. The synthesis will also highlight case examples that illustrate effective partnerships and their impact on public transit efficiency and sustainability in the rural service environment.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 16 Jul 2025 14:23:28 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2576270</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Synthesis of Information Related to Transit Practices. Topic SB-48. Wayfinding Strategies for Improved Access to Transit Centers</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2576267</link>
      <description><![CDATA[As transit agencies seek to improve access and navigation across their systems, effective wayfinding has emerged as a critical factor in enhancing multimodal connectivity. Many agencies are implementing signage, digital tools, and real-time information systems to better guide riders on how to navigate to and from transit centers. However, these strategies (both visual controls and physical controls such as roadway and site design) vary widely among agencies, with no universal standards governing how wayfinding should be designed or deployed.

Effective wayfinding enhances the transit experience by helping users—especially those navigating first- and last-mile connections by biking, walking, or using shared micromobility—easily identify routes, access points, and multimodal facilities. Clear signage and navigation tools improve transit usability, support increased ridership, and foster multimodal integration by guiding riders to amenities such as bike parking, micromobility stations, and pedestrian pathways. Wayfinding also improves accessibility for people with disabilities and others seeking more intuitive station access. With a wide range of current practices in place, there is an opportunity to document how transit agencies are implementing effective wayfinding strategies to support seamless multimodal connectivity.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this synthesis is to document current transit agency practices in developing and implementing wayfinding systems that support multimodal station access. This includes signage, maps, digital wayfinding tools, and real-time information for cyclists, pedestrians, and other micromobility users. The synthesis will highlight agency strategies, partnerships, challenges, and lessons learned to provide a broader understanding of current practices in this field.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 16 Jul 2025 15:08:44 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2576267</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Synthesis of Information Related to Transit Practices. Topic SA-65. Assessment of Transit Industry Understanding and Implementation of Safety Management System (SMS): Identifying Effective Strategies and Tools
</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2576266</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The Federal Transit Administration (FTA)'s adoption of the Public Transportation Agency Safety Plans (PTASP) regulation requires that federally funded transit agencies develop and implement a formal Safety Management System (SMS) framework to ensure an organization-wide approach to managing safety risk and assuring the effectiveness of a transit agency’s safety risk mitigation. SMS includes systematic procedures, practices, and policies for managing hazards and safety risks to improve the safety of public transportation in the United States.

Since its adoption, the transit industry’s understanding and application of SMS have evolved significantly, with varying levels of implementation across agencies. While some transit agencies have successfully integrated SMS principles into their safety practices, others face challenges in achieving full compliance and realizing the benefits of a proactive safety culture. Given this information, there is a need to assess how transit agencies interpret and apply SMS, identify common challenges, and document effective strategies, tools, and promotional activities that facilitate successful adoption and implementation.

Understanding how transit agencies are successfully adopting SMS is critical to help guide transit agencies to proactively address gaps in safety practices as well as enhance their safety culture before potential safety events occur. By identifying and documenting effective SMS implementation strategies, this research could enhance safety outcomes, foster a culture of continuous improvement, and strengthen public confidence in transit safety.

OBJECTIVE: This synthesis will examine successful SMS adoption through three-five case examples assessing the industry’s application of the four components of SMS: Safety policy; Safety risk management; Safety assurances; and Safety promotion.

This synthesis will document successful activities and tools that measure and enhance SMS effectiveness that can help transit agencies of varying size and in different modes strengthen their safety management capabilities as well as identifying any implementation challenges. This research aims to establish a preliminary foundation for improved safety management across transit agencies.

]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 16 Jul 2025 15:17:42 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2576266</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Revisit accessibility via governance of public-private collaboration: A case study in Hong Kong</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2564263</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The paradigm shift in urban development from government-dominated planning and construction to multiparty collaborative governance has underscored the importance of public-private sector relationships in enhancing accessibility. While existing scholarships have examined accessibility through the lens of land use and transportation arrangements, little attention has been paid to whether and how public-private collaboration governs accessibility outcomes. To date, three key gaps remain: (1) how the distinct behaviors of public and private sectors contribute to accessibility, (2) whether these behaviors constitute meaningful collaboration, and (3) how the intensity of collaboration influences accessibility outcomes. This study revisits accessibility through the framework of public-private collaborative governance, examining the roles of both sectors in shaping accessibility and assessing how their collaboration intensity affects outcomes. Using a longitudinal case study of metro-land use development in Hong Kong, the authors find that among different planning approaches for coordinating land use and transit infrastructure, the form and intensity of public-private collaboration play a significant role in accessibility enhancement. Key mechanisms for effective collaboration include: (1) aligning public and private interests in accessibility planning to ensure effective engagement, (2) integrating public planning authority with private capital and expertise to implement solutions, and (3) coordinating strategies to build trust and accelerate integrated land use-transportation development.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 27 Jun 2025 15:35:19 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2564263</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Sustaining Washington Metro: Meeting the Twin Challengers of Aging and Growing Pains</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2266609</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority (WMATA) bus, rail and paratransit ridership is growing at unprecedented levels. Ever increasing demand for transit services have placed a greater reliance on people and equipment reliability. Yet Metrobus and Metrorail are over 25 years old. This paper will discuss how WMATA is meeting the twin challenges of aging and growing pains to ensure mass transit sustainability in the Washington Metropolitan region. The WMATA goal is to provide reliable and comfortable service. Existing systems needs are addressed in an Infrastructure Renewal Program (TRP), an employee evaluation system based on WMATA's goals and a customer oriented initiatives program which includes keeping the public informed to what is going on in the metro system.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 28 Jan 2025 14:52:41 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2266609</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Measures of Transit Ambassador and Outreach Program Effectiveness</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2464328</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Nationally, public transit ridership has not completely recovered from the COVID-19 pandemic. In some communities, the viability and perceived safety of public transit are further challenged by rising public drug use and increasing levels of unsheltered homelessness. Additionally, many cities are contending with a housing affordability crisis and decreased public funding for social services as COVID-19 era funding ends. These intersecting socioeconomic factors have required public entities, including transit agencies, to respond to new societal and public safety issues, and coordinate or provide trauma-informed care that they have never provided before. 

The urgency and scale of the problem has led to the implementation of ambassador, mental health outreach, or crisis response programs that do not have universal measures of effectiveness or established outcomes. Although many transit agency approaches or programs are supported by the public and experience many qualitative successes, short-term and long-term viability of the programs depends on their ability to demonstrate effectiveness at reducing the impact of disorder and social problems on their system. 

Despite common goals, no two programs are identical. Each operates in a unique sociopolitical climate that influences its functions, abilities, funds, and outcomes. As funding is varied and sometimes not permanent, it is important to be able to measure programs’ outcomes, define success and effectiveness, and share strategies or programs that improve transit operations, public and transit workers safety, and ridership. This research will help transit agencies evaluate the impact of their current programs and design future initiatives with built-in performance metrics. It will also provide a framework for agencies in the early stages of program development.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this research is to develop guidelines and resources for transit agencies to evaluate the effectiveness of ambassador programs and mental health outreach or crisis response initiatives. ]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 26 Nov 2024 06:11:12 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2464328</guid>
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