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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
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    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <item>
      <title>A METHOD OF COLLECTING ECONOMIC STATISTICS OF SHIPPING</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/66717</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The article points out the general incompatibility of methods of classifying shipping data by the various private and public agencies.  More importantly, the published statistics are not in a form which facilitates economic analysis.  The author suggests using alternative methods which would permit a more suitable evaluation.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 23 Feb 2003 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/66717</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>THE U.S.-MEXICO CROSS-BORDER FREIGHT MARKET: PROSPECTS FOR MEXICAN TRUCKERS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/469309</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This article attempts to define some key characteristics of the U.S.-Mexico transportation market. The authors hope to contribute to the ongoing binational discussion by giving the various participants a better sense of the size of the market and the stakes involved in the negotiation. The article concentrates on the northbound flow of traffic because the data are more definitive and because the authors believe that Mexican carriers will use this traffic as a basis for entering the U.S. market. The authors also point out operational issues which will condition Mexican participation in the transborder transport market. It seems likely that U.S. shippers and receivers will want to consider using Mexican carriers because of their lower costs.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 31 Dec 1997 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/469309</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>TRADE BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES AND MEXICO</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/469822</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) which went into effect on January 1, 1994 established the largest free trade zone in the world, with a population of over 360 million people. Both U.S. and Mexican Customs agencies collect detailed information on each shipment which crosses the border for both import/export control and assessment of duties. However, traditionally this information has been considered confidential between the shipper and these government agencies and, as such, has not been released publicly or used in any public planning studies. Both agencies have released summaries of shipment data for overall trade statistics, but the level of aggregation in these summaries is not sufficient for detailed transportation studies. This paper discusses the trade pattern depicted in these data files, the quality of the data, as well as the limitation of the data for transportation planning.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 03 Feb 1997 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/469822</guid>
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      <title>CHANGING SHIP TYPE/SIZE PREFERENCES IN THE DRY BULK MARKET</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/165488</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The past growth of world dry bulk trade has generated a substantial and, at times, rapidly-increasing demand for all types and sizes of dry cargo ship.  However, there have been major changes in the distribution of shipping in these trades, with bulk carriers and OBOs rapidly displacing other ship types.  There has also been a transition in the market, with more and more cargo moving in medium (50-100,000 DWT) and large-size carriers (100,000 DWT+), and the purpose of the Study will be to pinpoint the reason for the changes which have occurred in ship type/size preferences. Practices in individual commodity trades, and on particular routes, will be identified in the Study, which will examine the constraints imposed by ports, and by those shipping or receiving cargoes of different kinds.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 21 May 1981 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/165488</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>CARIBBEAN OIL TRADES</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/165478</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The Caribbean area embraces almost all aspects of tanker trades, including as it does major crude oil exporters (Venezuela and Mexico), refiners (those in the Islands such as St. Croix, Puerto Rico and the Bahamas operating on imported crudes and those in the Netherlands Antilles operating on domestic and imported crudes), crude oil transhipment terminals (such as Bonaire, Bahamas, Curacao etc), massive refined products exporters and minor products importers.  Significant changes are taking place in the Caribbean oil trades resulting from such developments as the rise in Mexican oil exports and the advent of US deepwater terminals (such as LOOP).  The study analyses oil movements to and from the Caribbean; investigates terminal and refining facilities and developments in the area; and discusses the significance of the trade volumes and structural trends identified for the employment of the world tanker fleet.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 21 May 1981 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/165478</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>CHANGES IN "NEO-BULK" TRADE, TRANSPORT AND HANDLING</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/165477</link>
      <description><![CDATA["Neo-Bulks" are those cargoes-principally products of manufacturing-formerly shipped in the break-bulk mode but which, over the past 20 years or so, have developed to such a volume on particular routes that it has increasingly become the practice to ship them in full shipload lots in specialized, normally unscheduled vessels.  A variety of vessel types are, in fact, employed, in "Neo-Bulk" trades but the principal purpose of the Study will be to determine what effect changes in transport and handling have had on demand for bulk carriers.  Indeed, part of the fleet comprises bulk carriers specially designed to transport "Neo-Bulk" cargoes, of which the most numerous are those equipped to handle forest products.  Of the "Neo-Bulks", trade in forest products is by far the largest, as well as the most complex, comprising raw materials (logs, pulpwood, woodchips, etc) as well as manufactured items, among the most important of which are pulp and paper.  However, the Study will also look closely at developments in other trades, which include steel, non-ferrous metals, scrap, motor vehicles, cement, bulk chemicals, plastics, etc. to determine how shipping practices have changed, and whether the utilization of bulk carriers will increase, or diminish in future years.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 21 May 1981 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/165477</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>THE GROWTH OF THE CHEMICAL CARRIER FLEET</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/165489</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Chemical carriers-purpose-built for the transportation of liquid petrochemicals and non-petroleum bulk liquids, have enjoyed booming market conditions since mid-1978.  However, details of the chemical carrier fleet, its owners and trades are not easy to find.  The study is structured to provide essential data relating to this sector of shipping.  The fleet of chemical carriers, including small ships intended for short sea trading will be identified by ship type, age, size, flag, owner and operator.  This analysis will be followed by a discussion of the trades served by these ships, the main operators of chemical carrier tonnage and the market in which they compete.  Although the fleet of chemical carriers is relatively small in tonnage terms, the sophistication of these ships and the complexity of their trading patterns make this sector one of particular interest.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 21 May 1981 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/165489</guid>
    </item>
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      <title>LNG SHIPPING IN THE EIGHTIES</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/165485</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Two trends discernable today suggest that LNG could be one of the most dynamic sectors of the shipping market during the 1980s.  Firstly, the availability of crude oil is becoming increasingly limited and oil importers appear likely to turn to other marginal sources of primary energy, with supply availability being a more important consideration than cost.  Secondly, oil exporting countries are becoming increasingly reluctant to flare associated gas, implying that LNG availability could increase substantially. These factors could generate boom conditions for LNG shipping, but proponents of LNG have been predicting a dramatic upsurge in trade for some time past.  This upsurge has not yet materialised.  Rather than accepting that the boom is now upon us, it is necessary to compare and contrast the possible future demand for and the supply of LNG ships.  Study 82 will estimate the likely future demand for LNG carriers by means of a project-by-project, route-by-route analysis of planned and potential LNG projects.  The level of shipping demand likely to be generated by the indicated trades will then be contrasted to the existing and scheduled supply of LNG carriers to highlight possible market imbalances and to identify the date of market equilibrium under various demand assumptions. As well as serving as a reference document, this report will provide an independent assessment of the growth prospects for LNG shipping.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 21 May 1981 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/165485</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>CONTAINERSHIP DEMAND IN THE EIGHTIES</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/161781</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In the recent past a number of industry observers have forecast the near-term emergence of an overtonnage situation within the fully cellular, deep-sea containership fleet.  Without exception these general observations have been unsupported by any analysis of historcial containerised trade volume development and objective assessment of future trade growth prospects--essential prerequisites for any thorough-going comparison of potential future demand for and supply of containerships. The survey examines and analyses past and potential containerised trade development in-depth, comparing and contrasting the likely level of deep-sea containership demand generated with the existing and scheduled fully cellular fleet and identifying emergent market imbalances. As well as serving as an invaluable reference document, the survey constitutes the only assessment of future global containerised trade growth prospects presently available.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 12 Mar 1981 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/161781</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>TRADING PROSPECTS FOR CONTAINER/BULK CARRIERS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/159365</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The ambitious fleet expansion programmes currently being pursued by a number of established container/bulk carrier operators together with the continuing emergence of new combined bulk/container services from more recent market entrants would seemingly indicate that the market prospects for such vessels are indeed bright.  While a number of other factors clealy intrude, examination of comparative ship operating costs alone suggests that enhanced penetration of a variety of containerised trades by container/bulkers is a distinct possibility in the near term.  This survey appraises the status of container/bulk vessels, examining their advantages and disadvantages in operational deployment and assessing their past and potential future impact on seaborne trade with particular reference to competitive ship types and sizes.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 18 Feb 1981 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/159365</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>STATUS OF DEEP-SEA RO/RO SERVICES</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/159084</link>
      <description><![CDATA[SECTION 1 of the Study starts with a discussion of the introduction of the Ro/Ro concept to deep-sea trades, examining its early development and its role in solving port congestion.  In SECTION 2 the characteristics of the current Ro/Ro fleet are analysed, with information supplied on flag, age capacity and type, while in SECTION 3 the current status of Ro/Ro vessels in major trades is examined.  Within SECTION 4 the economics of Ro/Ro is examined particularly in relation to competing transport systems, this leads on finally to the future prospects of Ro/Ro which are discussed in SECTION 5.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 06 Feb 1981 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/159084</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>THE COMPETITIVE POSITION OF DOMESTIC SHIPPING IN THE U.S. TRANSPORTATION MARKET</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/156805</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This study examines the present state of U.S. domestic marine transportation and the changes that have taken place over the past 10 to 12 years. The work was requested by the staff of the Merchant Marine and Fisheries Committee, U.S. House of Representatives. It is part of an overall effort to (1) document recent changes in the domestic shipping industry; (2) determine the reasons for the changes; and (3) develop options for counteracting any adverse changes. Emphasis is placed largely on the coastwise and intercoastal ocean dry cargo trades.  It is primarily within those trades that adverse changes in domestic shipping have occurred and opportunities for an improved marine share of the total domestic transportation market are greatest.  The study examines broad trends shown by the cargo carriage data for the coastwise and intercoastal services; carriage among competing modes of transportation; and relative advantages and disadvantages among the modes.  This examination underscores the fundamental problems of the domestic shipping industry and points to general actions to improve the utilization of coastwise and intercoastal services and competing modes as well.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sat, 29 Nov 1980 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/156805</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>WORLD LNG TRADE: CURRENT STATUS AND PROSPECTS FOR GROWTH</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/160431</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper reviews the progress the international LNG industry has achieved to date.  Discussion is then concentrated on the prospects for growth in LNG supplies in the United States, Western Europe and Japan through to 1990.  Latest forecasts are compared with the forecasts made previously by the author for the LNG-3/4/5 Conferences. Estimates are given of possible ship requirements to service this trade, together with some comments on trends in the pricing of LNG.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 19 Nov 1980 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/160431</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>THE CHANGING WORLD OF DRY BULK</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/151661</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper is the introduction to the bound proceedings of the Lloyd's of London Press Conference on Commodities and Bulk Shipping in the 80's.  It provides an overview of the dry bulk carrier market, its present condition and the prospects for future long term growth.  The author, with the aid of numerous detailed graphs, examines supply and demand trends in the world dry bulk trades.  He divides the dry bulk fleet into three size groups: handy size (10-39,000 dwt), Panamax (40-79,000 dwt) and large size carriers (over 80,000 dwt), noting that the demand for each carrier size is directly linked to the changing nature of the bulk commodity trades.  The author also looks at how the world business cycle affects dry bulk carrier demand.  The paper concludes with a brief look at non-western dry bulk trade.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 08 Oct 1980 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/151661</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>THE ADJUSTMENT OF LPG CARRIERS TO THE MARKET</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/151670</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper analyses the present and future situation of the non-Japanese fleet by ship size and by technical characteristics, and the adjustment of LPG-carriers to the international trade in liquefied gases.  This paper attempts to cover the future development of technology of large LPG-ships.  Order from NSFI as No. 19461.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 08 Oct 1980 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/151670</guid>
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