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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
    <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
      <url>https://trid.trb.org/Images/PageHeader-wTitle.jpg</url>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
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    <item>
      <title>ORE. QUESTION C 167. THERMAL PHENOMENA OCCURRING DURING THE PASSAGE OF TRAINS IN TUNNELS: TESTS CARRIED OUT IN COSTA DEI ROSI TUNNEL</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/268027</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The present report describes the tests carried out by the SNCF during the series of general tests organised by FS on Direttissima.  The aim of this series of tests was to study the aerodynamic and thermal acoustic phenomena resulting from the running of high-speed trains in tunnels. This report only deals with the thermal aspect of the problem and analyses the heat exchanges between the train and tunnel, in this particular case taking into consideration radiation, convection and conduction.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 27 Aug 2004 21:32:06 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/268027</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>THE THERMAL REGIME OF THE PAVEMENT AND THE SUBGRADE AT THE VORMSUND TEST ROAD</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/133047</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The thermal regime, which governs the freezing and thawing processes in the pavement structure itself and the subgrades (which are frequently frost susceptible), was studied in the design and performance of a test road with flexible pavement on frost susceptible subgrades. Temperature observations and general information on the climate are briefly discussed.  The annual means of temperature, precipitation, and deviation from standard norms are tabulated.  The temperature in the pavement surfacing, the underlying pavement structure and the subgrade varies in a complex manner, mainly governed by air temperature, radiation, heat exchange, heat flow and phase changes.  The temperature close to the pavement surface (2.2 cm below) follows a sinusoidal curve as a function of the time of the day.  Seasonal changes dominate the pavement surface temperature as well as the air temperature.  The reduction of surface temperature variations with depth is illustrated.  The temperature variations with time and depth in a road is complex. Isopleths showing the isotherms as functions of depth are worked out.  Cross sectional temperature differences are discussed and the observation is made that frost penetrates deepest into the ground under the middle of the road.  Tables are presented (representing a medium and cold winter) which give an idea of the frequency of freezing and thawing and the size of the freezing amplitude.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 16 Aug 2004 06:55:30 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/133047</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>STUDY OF THERMAL CONDITIONS IN PAVEMENTS BY MEANS OF SEMI-CONDUCTOR ELEMENTS /IN RUSSIAN/</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/106740</link>
      <description><![CDATA[THERMAL CONDITIONS IN SUBGRADES AND SUB-BASES ARE STUDIED BY MEANS OF SEMI-CONDUCTOR ELEMENTS.  THE METHOD OF INSERTING THE HIGH PRECISION THERMISTORS IN THE PAVEMENT, SHOULDERS AND SUB-BASE IS DESCRIBED.  AN ILLUSTRATION OF THE APPARATUS USED FOR MEASURING THE TEMPERATURE IS GIVEN.  WITH THE HELP OF THE MEASUREMNTS OBTAINED, THE DEPTH OF FROST PENETRATION CAN BE DETERMINED AND THERMAL GRADIENTS QUANTITATIVELY ASSESSED.  THIS INFORMATION IS USEFUL FOR IMPROVING THE STABILITY OF THE PAVEMENT, SOIL MOISTURE CONTROL AND PROTECTION OF THE PAVEMENT AGAINST FROST. /LCPC/RRL/]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 23 Nov 2000 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/106740</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>DEVELOPMENT OF SYNTHETIC GEAR OILS FOR HIGH SPEED SHINKANSEN ELECTRIC CARS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/541033</link>
      <description><![CDATA[It is estimated that the gear oil is exposed to very severe thermal conditions when Shinkansen electric trains run in the 350 km/h (217 mi/h) speed range.  Under such severe conditions, it would be difficult to keep the performance of current mineral type gear oil stable for a long period.  This paper discusses the development of two synthetic gear oils with PAO (poly-a-olefin) as a base oil.  The performance of these synthetic gear oils has been investigated through various laboratory and field tests.  The tests have shown that the synthetic gear oils have excellent performance for thermal oxidation stability and high load carrying capacity.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 18 Nov 1998 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/541033</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>TIME-TEMPERATURE DEPENDENCY OF ASPHALT BINDERS -- AN IMPROVED MODEL (WITH DISCUSSION)</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/487712</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Asphalt binders exhibit three regions of behavior: non-equilibrium behavior at temperatures below the glass transition temperature, thermal rheologically simple linear viscoelastic behavior in the temperature range between the glass transition temperature (Tg) and Tg + 100 degrees C, and Newtonian behavior at elevated temperatures, typically at temperatures greater than Tg + 100 degrees C. In this paper a recommended procedure for characterizing the rheological behavior in each of these regions is presented. The testing protocol, the statistical procedures used in shifting the data, and the accommodation of the three regions of behavior are considered. Physical hardening is accommodated by an additional parameter in the WLF equation.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 13 Jul 1998 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/487712</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>COLD REGIONS ENGINEERING: THE COLD REGIONS INFRASTRUCTURE. AN INTERNATIONAL IMPERATIVE FOR THE 21ST CENTURY</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/470937</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This conference sponsored by the Technical Council on Cold Regions Engineering (TCCRE) of ASCE, presented papers related to cold regions engineering concerns.  The topics covered include: material on geotechnical thermal considerations, environmental remediation, materials, pipelines, cold regions research, foundations and piles, buildings and utilities, soil properties, water and wastewater, ice hydraulics, transportation management, embankments, environmental management, hydrology, ice mechanics and pavements.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 14 Feb 1997 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/470937</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>SAFETY OF HIGH SPEED MAGNETIC LEVITATION TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS: THERMAL EFFECTS AND RELATED SAFETY ISSUES OF TYPICAL MAGLEV STEEL GUIDEWAYS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/448725</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This report presents a theoretical analysis predicting the temperature distribution, thermal deflections, and thermal stresses that may occur in typical steel Maglev guideways under the proposed Orlando FL thermal environment.  Transient, finite element heat transfer analyses are used to predict the thermal response of a typical steel guideway design similar to the Transrapid design being finalized for the Orlando, FL Maglev system.  Parametric studies are conducted to examine the sensitivity of the temperature distributions and thermal deflections to time varying changes in the sun's position, seasonal changes in the guideway orientation and surface treatment.  Related safety issues are also addressed.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 29 Dec 1996 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/448725</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>LTPP SEASONAL MONITORING PROGRAM: INSTRUMENTATION INSTALLATION AND DATA COLLECTION GUIDELINES. FINAL REPORT</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/411864</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This report describes the operation theory, installation procedures and operation guidelines for instrumentation selected to monitor changes in internal pavement moisture and thermal regimes, frost/thaw conditions, and external climate at test sections in the long-term pavement performance seasonal monitoring study.  The instrumentation includes time domain reflectometry to measure moisture content of unbound materials, thermistor sensors to measure pavement temperature gradients and air temperature, electrical resistivity probes to measure frost locations, a piezometer to measure the depth of ground water table and tipping-bucket rain gauge to measure precipitation. These measurements of the external climate and the resulting changes in the pavement material will be coupled with monthly or more frequent deflection measurements, seasonal roughness measurements, elevation profile and distress surveys to study the cause and effects of seasonal changes in pavement structural response.  Guidelines and procedures for the collection of these data are also described in this report.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 16 Feb 1996 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/411864</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>LONG-TERM PAVEMENT PERFORMANCE SEASONAL MONITORING PROGRAM: INSTRUMENTATION SELECTION AND INSTALLATION</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/413752</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The operational theory of and the installation procedures for the instrumentation selected to monitor changes in internal pavement moisture and thermal regimes and external climate at test sections in the Long-Term Pavement Performance seasonal monitoring study are described.  The instrumentation includes time-domain reflectometry probes to measure the moisture contents of unbound materials, thermistor sensors to measure pavement temperature gradients and air temperature, electrical resistivity probes to measure frost locations, a piezometer to measure the depth to the groundwater table, and a tipping bucket rain gauge to measure precipitation.  These measurements of the external climate and the resulting changes in the pavement material will be coupled with monthly or more frequent deflection measurements, bimonthly roughness measurements, elevation profiles, and distress surveys to study the causes and effects of seasonal changes in the structural response of pavement.  Preliminary results from the instrumentation pilot studies illustrating these types of seasonal effects are presented.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 08 Nov 1994 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/413752</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>STUDIES OF ROAD SURFACE TEMPERATURE WITH INFRARED TECHNIQUES</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/390403</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The airborne thermal scanner used for highway climatological projects was equipped with a detector for the 8-13 micrometer region. When analyzing recordings from a 30 km stretch of road, the most obvious effects were well defined cold spots on part of a motorway close to road rock cuts. The temperature differences were 4-5 degrees C. Other thermal anomalies in connection with cold air pool and bridges have been identified as well. For more detailed studies, a ground and helicopter based thermovision system has been used. The spectral response is in the 2-5 micrometer wavelength band, using a thermoelectrically cooled detector. Striking features are the existing systematic differences in surface temperatures between the slow and fast lanes on motorways. A new thermovision equipment with response in the 8-12 micrometer wavelength band is now in operation at the University of Goteborg.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 03 May 1994 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/390403</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>METHOD FOR EVALUATING THERMAL COMFORT IN VEHICLE INTERIORS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/368933</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Recently the customer has come to demand a more comfortable environment in vehicle interiors.  In order to achieve an environment of the sort, it is necessary to take into account many parameters, such as thermal environment, noise, vibration, air quality, and light.  One of the most important of these parameters is the thermal environment.  The present paper reviews the basic theory for a comfortable thermal environment, and outlines new methods for evaluating it.  By means of these methods the conditions of thermal environment in a vehicle with an HVAC system are measured and evaluated in a climatic chamber. An average equivalent temperature is proposed, and this is found to be a useful tool for the evaluation of comfort.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 03 Dec 1993 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/368933</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>INFLUENCE OF PAVEMENT MATERIALS ON THE THERMAL ENVIRONMENT OF OUTDOOR SPACES</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/371168</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper describes the experiments and analysis used to evaluate the comparative performance of several different pavement types with respect to their surface temperature behavior and heat output to the environment as a result of daily exposure to solar irradiation in the Singapore climatic condition. It is found that pavement materials such as granite slab, terracotta bricks and colored concrete interlocking blocks give lower surface temperatures and lower heat output to the environment than the conventional asphaltic concrete pavements used presently. A definite improvement to the thermal environment can be expected when any of these alternative pavement materials are used for the car parks and access roads in the housing estates of Singapore.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 21 Sep 1993 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/371168</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>FIELD STUDY OF TWO ROAD SECTIONS DURING A FREEZE-THAW CYCLE</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/370980</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The behavior of roadways depends on many parameters generally not well known, particularly in areas in which climatic conditions are severe in winter.  Two road sections have been instrumented to understand how frost and thaw actions are related to climate and the availability of water.  Field data monitored by a dedicated data acquisition system were used to measure air temperature, thermal soil conditions, frost heave, total stress, and bearing capacity by the Benkelman beam test. The results show that automatic monitoring improves the ability to detect short thaw events during freezing.  Furthermore, accurate knowledge of air temperatures and the thermal conditions of the soil are useful in the interpretation of bearing capacity measurements with the Benkelman beam test.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 08 Jan 1993 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/370980</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>THERMAL CONSOLIDATION BY HEATING OF AN UNSATURATED SOIL</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/354166</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The thermal consolidation by heating of an unsaturated silty soil is studied by means of six tests performed in a thermal triaxial apparatus. The results show the importance of the temperature parameter and a clear similarity with the classical consolidation tests on saturated soils. A constitutive law is proposed for the thermal consolidation by heat that allows the definition of indices of thermal compression. This law is used to calculate the displacements in an unsaturated fill for heat storing.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 31 May 1991 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/354166</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>THE SIGNIFICANCE OF CLIMATIC CHANGE FOR THE PERMAFROST ENVIRONMENT</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/352235</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The effects of climate change on the permafrost environment should be considered in a variety of ways.  Various earth surface properties could be affected by increased rainfall, and changes in snow cover would complicate the effect of climatic warming on ground thermal conditions.  Ground thermal conditions will be affected as vegetation itself changes in response to climatic change.  With climatic warming it seems inevitable that some permafrost would dissappear and there would be a new "permafrost map".  Of immediate concern is the speed with which these effects will be seen and the rate of their development.  The influence of such changes to northern geotechnical engineering must be considered.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 28 Feb 1991 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/352235</guid>
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