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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
    <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
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    <language>en-us</language>
    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
    <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
    <image>
      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
      <url>https://trid.trb.org/Images/PageHeader-wTitle.jpg</url>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
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    <item>
      <title>Low-carbon travel intention: examining the influence of built environment and policy perceptions in China using a structural equation modeling approach</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2663298</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Promoting low-carbon travel is critical for decarbonizing the transportation sector. This study extends the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) by integrating subjective perceptions of the built environment and transportation policies to understand their influence on travelers’ low-carbon travel intentions. Using structural equation modeling (SEM) based on survey data from Shanghai, China, the results show that traveler attitude has the strongest direct effect on intentions. Encouraging policies are found to be more effective than restrictive ones, underscoring the importance of positive incentives. To address population heterogeneity, machine learning models and SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) analysis are applied to identify key demographic factors, including age, income, and fuel costs, for targeted policy design. The findings provide theoretical and practical insights for policymakers aiming to promote sustainable travel behavior through tailored strategies.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 14 May 2026 17:04:33 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2663298</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Influencing Factors of Drivers’ Self-Regulating Behavior in Highway Tunnel Takeover Scenarios: Extended Theory of Planned Behavior Perspective</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2686272</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Self-regulation during the takeover in automated driving refers to the driver’s proactive and deliberate behavioral adjustments aimed at ensuring safety and efficiency when responding to takeover scenarios in highway tunnels. However, prior research has not yet thoroughly explored the underlying mechanisms influencing such behavior. This study, grounded in the theory of planned behavior and employing structural equation modeling, investigates the mechanisms affecting drivers’ self-regulating behavior in highway tunnel takeover scenarios. It incorporates extended factors such as drivers’ degree of familiarity, risk perception, and exposure to risky situations. The study gathered 306 valid samples through an online survey method. The model results reveal that the intention to self-regulate is the most significant factor influencing self-regulating behavior, with a standardized path coefficient of 0.846. Secondary factors include attitudes toward self-regulation, perceived behavioral control, and subjective norm, which have standardized path coefficients of 0.460, 0.292, and 0.274, respectively. The results of the mediation analysis indicate that self-regulating intention and degree of familiarity serve as mediating factors. In addition, the XGBoost-SHAP model was used to evaluate the overall contribution of each variable to self-regulating behavior, and the findings are highly consistent with those obtained from the structural equation modeling.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 02 Apr 2026 15:23:59 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2686272</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Perception and Response of West Sumatra Society to the Planned Implementation of the Demerit Point System in Traffic Violation</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2669834</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Traffic violations in Indonesia significantly contribute to the rising number of accidents annually, these were influenced by factors such as gender, age, residence, driving experience, education, and occupation. This study examines drivers' intentions to comply with traffic regulations based on public perception of the Demerit Point System, utilizing the Theory of Planned Behavior and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to analyze variable relationships. Data were collected through direct and online interviews with 400 drivers. Findings reveal that only 12.4% of the intention to obey traffic regulations is explained by the studied variables, while 87.6% is influenced by external factors. Attitude towards the Violation Point System and Subjective Norms significantly and positively affect compliance intentions, whereas Perceived Behavioral Control has a positive but insignificant impact. This highlights the complexity of factors influencing traffic regulation adherence.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 23 Mar 2026 15:21:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2669834</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Youth and shared mobility: Unveiling intentions in Kathmandu's gig economy</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2618188</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Youths in the Kathmandu Valley of Nepal have abundant opportunities to experience private motorization through shared transportation without owning vehicles. Ride-sharing is a new mode of transportation in Nepal where young people are an important market segment for vehicle-sharing organisations. In this context, this study investigated youths’ behavioral intentions toward adopting ride-sharing practices. Following the explanatory research methodology, 396 responses were collected from youths in Kathmandu Valley, Nepal. The findings reveal that environmental concerns significantly impact attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control. Similarly, subjective norms have a substantial impact on behavioural intentions towards the adoption of ride-sharing that align with the theory of planned behaviour.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 11 Feb 2026 09:17:43 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2618188</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Unlocking Green Mobility: How Government Intervention Sensitivity and Psychology Drive Dockless Bike-Sharing in Da Nang, Vietnam</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2655734</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Sustainable transportation is rapidly gaining attention worldwide, yet research on the psychological and policy-related factors influencing the adoption of dockless bike-sharing (DBS) services, particularly in emerging markets like Vietnam, remains limited. This study addresses this gap by investigating the psychological factors influencing Vietnamese commuters’ intention to use DBS services in Danang City, given of the growing importance of sustainable transportation. By integrating the theory of planned behavior (TPB), the technology acceptance model (TAM), the norm activation model (NAM), and government intervention sensitivity (GIS), the study identifies the key drivers of DBS usage. A sample of 874 respondents was analyzed using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). The findings reveal that GIS, attitudes, personal norms, and perceived behavioral control significantly affect the intention to use DBS, with GIS playing the most crucial role. The model explains 63.5% of the variance in intention to use DBS. Furthermore, perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness indirectly affect intention through attitude, while environmental awareness and responsibility attribution strengthen personal norms. The research offers practical recommendations for improving DBS infrastructure, optimizing mobile applications, and developing green mobility policies.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 22 Jan 2026 09:11:55 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2655734</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Intention to adopt battery electric vehicles among the early-to-late majority: Policy and behavioral insights from post-subsidy China</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2608672</link>
      <description><![CDATA[As the battery electric vehicle (BEV) market matures and fiscal subsidies are phased out, consumer purchase intentions and potential user groups evolve. To further increase BEV penetration in the post-subsidy era, it is crucial to understand cognitive differences and influencing factors across adopter segments. However, limited research has addressed shifting purchasing intentions among adopters at different stages. Guided by innovation diffusion theory, this study fills this gap by identifying current and potential users as early adopters and the early-to-late majority. For the latter group, an extended Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) model is proposed, incorporating BEV-specific factors such as environmental morals, belief in electrification, anticipated grid stability, pleasure-driven incentives, and technological proficiency. Based on survey data from 600 potential car buyers in Beijing, China, partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) is applied to estimate determinants. Results reveal that the early-to-late majority are significantly influenced by social influence, effort expectancy, facilitating conditions, and technological proficiency, whereas performance expectations and environmental concern are no longer significant. This shift reflects a growing emphasis on social value, cost-effectiveness, and ease of use. The findings underscore the need for targeted policy strategies to support BEV adoption in the post-subsidy era.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 09 Jan 2026 16:59:06 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2608672</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Enhancing transgender mobility on public transport through equitable transport policies in a culturally conservative society</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2643840</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Transgender individuals have visible gender expressions that distinguish them from other gender minorities, including lesbian, gay, bisexual or queer individuals. This visibility increases their vulnerability to gender-based violence and harassment in public spaces, and restricts their mobility on public transport and access to basic amenities for healthcare, education and employment. This issue is particularly severe in culturally conservative societies. This study aims to address the issue by exploring public acceptance of transgender individuals on public transport in Pakistan and recommending equitable transport policies for enhancing their mobility. Using the conceptual framework of the theory of planned behavior (TPB), a questionnaire was developed, and 474 responses were collected via an online survey. A multivariate structural equation model (SEM) was developed, and the results reveal that perceived behavioral control and intentions have a positive and significant relationship with transport policy interventions. Regarding the socioeconomic characteristics, male individuals, those with higher education, and those who meet transgender individuals more often, exhibit positive attitudes towards supportive transport policies aimed at enhancing transgender mobility on public transport. According to the findings, numerous equitable transport policies such as providing dedicated spaces and seats on public transport for transgender individuals, implementing dedicated car-sharing programs, enforcing transgender protection acts, and improving public acceptance through education and awareness campaigns, are recommended.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 05 Jan 2026 09:53:58 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2643840</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>What drives bicycle integration with urban rail transport? Findings from a stated preference and psychological factors analysis in Porto Alegre, Brazil</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2633829</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This study quantifies the factors influencing bicycle integration with urban rail transport using data collected through a Stated Preference (SP) survey conducted with urban rail users in Porto Alegre, Brazil. The Theory of Planned Behavior provided the framework for incorporating psychological factors into the analysis. An Integrated Choice and Latent Variable model was estimated to jointly capture psychological factors and their influence on mode choice, combining a structural model with a discrete choice model. The results indicate that negative attitudes toward cycling exert the strongest negative effect on the intention to use bicycle–rail integration, while perceived behavioral control and subjective norms have significant positive effects. Including the intention to use a bicycle for integration as a latent variable in the choice model improved both the model’s fit and its predictive accuracy. Among the SP attributes, bike lane availability, bicycle fare, and integration time (time required to park and access the station) had the greatest impact on the probability of choosing bicycle integration, with simulations indicating higher probabilities for access trips compared to egress trips. The results highlight the importance of enhancing cycling infrastructure, reducing integration times, and adopting fare policies that facilitate bicycle–urban rail integration. Such measures can strengthen multimodal connectivity and support strategies aimed at promoting sustainable and inclusive urban mobility.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 22 Dec 2025 17:03:49 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2633829</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Incorporating risk perception and adaptive behavioral intention into new evacuation standards: Airline passengers’ responses to aviation emergencies</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2633535</link>
      <description><![CDATA[We examine how cognition and information shape passengers’ evacuation behavior in aviation emergencies. Using an integrated Protection Motivation Theory–Theory of Planned Behavior framework, we specify a structural model linking cognitive need, cognitive adaptability, and external information availability to risk perception and perceived capacity, which in turn drive evacuation strategy and adherence to procedures. We estimate a bootstrapped PLS-SEM on a passenger survey that includes respondents with disabilities, with controls for age and impairment. Results show that cognitive need and cognitive adaptability independently strengthen risk perception; external information availability also relates positively to risk perception. Risk perception and perceived capacity both reinforce evacuation strategy, and strategy predicts adherence to procedures. Control patterns are consistent with lower perceived capacity and less effective strategies among older passengers and those with mobility or sensory impairments. Taken together, the findings delineate a coherent cognitive–behavioral pathway and identify actionable levers for practice–briefings that elicit active processing, salient and accessible safety cues, and assistance protocols calibrated to passenger heterogeneity.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 22 Dec 2025 17:03:49 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2633535</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Assessing the role of transportation planning in advancing sustainable development goals: Insights from a meta-analysis</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2604612</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This article explores the intricate relationship between transportation planning and achieving Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) through a comprehensive meta-analysis approach. Grounded in Systems Theory (ST), the study conceptualizes transportation planning as a complex system where various components, including infrastructure, policies, and socioeconomic factors, interact dynamically to influence sustainability outcomes. By integrating the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), the study examines how stakeholders’ intentions, attitudes, and perceived control over transportation-related decisions impact the effectiveness of planning processes in advancing SDGs. Furthermore, Resilience Theory (RT) is employed to assess the capacity of transportation systems to adapt, recover, and sustain their functions amidst challenges such as climate change, urbanization, and resource constraints. The meta-analysis using the Hunter-Schmidt method synthesizes findings from numerous 31 studies, offering a nuanced understanding of how transportation planning contributes to significant SDGs, including climate action, sustainable cities, and economic growth. The results highlight the pivotal role of proactive planning in fostering resilient and adaptive transportation systems that support long-term sustainability goals. The study provides actionable insights for policymakers, emphasizing the need for an integrated approach that aligns transportation planning with broader sustainability objectives while accounting for behavioral influences and the inherent complexity of transportation systems. These findings contribute to the ongoing discourse on sustainable development, offering a theoretical and empirical foundation for enhancing the role of transportation planning in achieving global sustainability targets.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 22 Dec 2025 16:07:15 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2604612</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Energy conservation and carbon reduction performance of small new energy vehicles based on a nudge and penalty strategy</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2605082</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The illegal recycling of new energy vehicle batteries is a major contributor to resource depletion and environmental degradation in China. This study develops a composite battery recycling algorithm by integrating nudge theory, the theory of planned behavior, and system dynamics (NT-TPB-SD), and constructs a system dynamics intervention model that incorporates both threshold-based penalties and consumers' willingness to return used batteries. A simulation-based comparison of multiple scenarios yields the following findings: (1) The combined nudge and penalty strategy reduces the illegal recycling rate by 36.8 % and decreases total lithium, nickel, and cobalt emissions by 2.3 %, 13.2 %, and 13.2 %, respectively, through a dynamic threshold breach mechanism and a positive feedback loop. (2) A significant non-linear effect is observed in the deposit gradient; within the 7.5 %–9 % vehicle cost ratio interval, Pareto optimization is achieved. (3) A “Jevons paradox” effect is identified in technology investments. Under the composite policy scenario, losses due to heavy metal pollution and ecotoxicity are reduced by 22.7 % and 18.3 %, respectively. The research provides critical insights into China's dual challenges of battery retirement and carbon peaking, offering a quantifiable decision-making basis for achieving a green closed-loop in the new energy vehicle industry.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 02 Dec 2025 09:25:04 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2605082</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Barriers and Opportunities for Transit-Oriented Development in Poland from a Socio-Psychological Perspective</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2573616</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Transit-Oriented Development (TOD) is one of the most effective concepts for integrating transport policy and spatial planning to achieve sustainable development goals. However, TOD has yet to gain widespread popularity or social acceptance in many regions around the world, even in areas where infrastructure and organizational conditions are relatively favourable, such as in Central and Eastern Europe. This article provides a theoretical framework for understanding the socio-psychological determinants of travel and residential location choices in Poland, a post-socialist country that experienced significant changes in mobility patterns and spatial development following the socio-economic transformation of 1989. The study is based on a literature review and a qualitative analysis of opinions on rail transport, which support the theoretical considerations. The results showed that the analysed decision-making mechanism is shaped by ‘The Syndrome of Released Desire’ - a concept that reflect the increase in aspirations and unmet needs triggered by the socio-economic transformation in 1989. This syndrome manifests through the need for ‘autonomy’, ‘comfort’, and ‘prestige’ in terms of travel mode choices, as well as the need for a ‘quiet place’, a ‘peaceful locality’, and ‘green surroundings’ in terms of residential location choices.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 26 Sep 2025 13:39:54 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2573616</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Driver compliance with the 2022 UK highway code rule on giving way to pedestrians at side roads: A naturalistic observation study</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2583111</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The 2022 update to the UK Highway Code introduced a new H2 rule granting pedestrians right of way at side road junctions. However, the communication campaign for this change was limited and there has yet to be a systematic evaluation of driver compliance. This study therefore involved a naturalistic observation of driver yielding behaviour when turning from a main road into a side road. A total of 809 driver-pedestrian interactions were observed to assess compliance with the rule, alongside driver, vehicle, pedestrian, and environmental characteristics. Results indicated that only 31 % of drivers complied with the rule when turning from a main road into a side road where pedestrians were approaching or waiting at a junction to cross. However, female drivers and taxi drivers were more likely to yield to pedestrians at junctions. Further, compliance was greater when there was a group of pedestrians opposed to a single pedestrian or when it was early afternoon. These findings suggest further interventions may be necessary to enhance adherence and improve pedestrian safety.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 22 Sep 2025 08:49:25 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2583111</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>On the road to sustainability: Applying an extended Theory of Planned Behaviour model to energy-saving transportation practices</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2563815</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Mitigating climate change demands urgent action, particularly in reducing CO2 emissions, a major contributor to global warming. Individual behavioural changes in transportation patterns are needed to lower environmental impact. To design interventions that can target these behaviours, it is essential to understand the beliefs that underlie them. This study uses an extended Theory of Planned Behaviour model to identify the beliefs underlying sustainable transportation practices. Five behaviours were included: (i) general sustainable transportation, (ii) public transportation, (iii) walking and cycling, (iv) reducing car use, and (v) reducing flights. A three step-approach was employed. First, beliefs underlying the Theory of Planned Behaviour variables were elicited using qualitative methodology. The most commonly stated beliefs were included in the second phase; a questionnaire study that measured beliefs, attitudes, subjective norm, perceived behavioural control, habit, moral norms, and intention. Lastly, a one-week follow-up measured behaviour. Behavioural beliefs strongly predicted attitudes, habit beliefs predicted habit, and moral norm beliefs predict moral norm across all five behaviours. Regression models showed that the extended Theory of Planned Behaviour model had a better predictive capacity than the standard model. The strongest predictors were habit and moral norm. Intention significantly predicted behaviour but only explained a low proportion of variance. Interventions aiming to promote sustainable transportation practices should particularly focus on influencing individuals' habits and moral norms, as these factors impacted most behaviours studied.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 21 Aug 2025 09:19:23 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2563815</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Exploring the speeding behavior among young motorcyclists in Lahore using extended theory of planned behavior: insights for road safety improvements</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2570655</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Motorcycles are a popular low-cost personal transport mode. Despite their convenience, motorcycles are significantly more dangerous than other modes of transport, accounting for up to 39% of road fatalities in low-income countries. Speeding is among the most common factors causing road accidents. Thus, this research extends the theory of planned behavior to investigate young motorcyclists’ speeding behavior by incorporating the latent variables of hedonic motivation and transport policy interventions using data collected through a questionnaire survey conducted among young motorcyclists in Lahore, Pakistan. Purpose-based sampling method was deployed to collect 394 responses. The results indicated that speeding attitudes (SA), perceived behavioral control (PBC), hedonic motivation (HM), and policy intervention (PI) variables are strong predictors of speeding intentions (SI), which act as a mediator of speeding behavior (SB). While HM positively affects SB, and the PI variable negatively influences SB. Moreover, unmarried and employed respondents are positively associated with SB. This research has provided important insights on how to improve young motorcyclists’ safe behavior, which can be utilized by policymakers to make informed decisions to enhance road safety in Pakistan and other developing economies with similar socio-economic dynamics, with motorcycles as a popular low-cost personal travel mode.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 18 Jul 2025 09:02:56 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2570655</guid>
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