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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
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    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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      <title>A FEASIBILITY STUDY OF THE STATE-OF-THE-ART OF PERSONNEL MONITORS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/89448</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This report presents the findings of a study of the state of the art of personal hazard monitoring for acute chemical hazards. The ultimate objective of the study was to provide basic information to guide the Coast Guard in its efforts to develop a system of monitoring devices to protect the health and safety of emergency response personnel. Hazards for which monitoring devices are needed include: (1) oxygen insufficiency, (2) flammable vapor concentrations, (3) toxic vapors and gases, and (4) damage to protective clothing and equipment. Possibilities for combination of various monitors into a single comprehensive warning system were investigated. The Coast Guard's requirements for personal hazard monitoring were investigated and defined. An important finding of this subtask was that the requirements for a toxic vapors monitor ought to be defined on the basis of infrequent and short-term exposure, a condition for which there are as yet few generally accepted standards. Availability of practical monitoring devices and/or technologies was established for each of those chemicals in the U.S.C.G. 'Chris Phase I' list whose vapor concentrations in air at 40 C was found to exceed a short-term exposure standard. Recommendations for further research and development were presented. (Author)]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 19 Dec 1980 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/89448</guid>
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      <title>MARICHEM 79, CONFERENCE PAPERS: 2ND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE AND EXHIBITION ON THE MARINE TRANSPORTATION, HANDLING AND STORAGE OF BULK CHEMICALS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/158358</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This Conference Proceedings contains 16 papers on vessels carrying hazardous cargoes and other bulk chemicals with particular emphasis on safe handling, health hazards to personnel and monitoring of toxic gases.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 16 Sep 1980 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/158358</guid>
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      <title>POLLUTANTS IN THE AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT: DETECTION, MEASUREMENT, AND MONITORING</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/49656</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Provides a broad review of pollutants and considers control procedures.  Chapters discuss: chemical analysis of water; oil and oil dispersants; toxicity testing; redox measurements in natural waters and sedijents; and bioassay methods.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sat, 02 Jul 1977 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/49656</guid>
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      <title>TOXIC EFFECTS OF OIL DISCHARGED FROM SHIPS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/42311</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Six selected petroleum products were studied to determine the amounts of each which could be dispersed and dissolved in water under specified conditions.  Variables studied included time, temperature and salinity.  Both the dispersed-plus-dissolved and dissolved portions were tested for toxicity to three standard organisms, two species of fish and a brine shrimp.  The LC 50's ranged from a few ppm of oil to a few hundred ppm.  Both the total organic carbon and infrared methods were used to determine oil-in-water.  These are contrasted and critically reviewed.  (Author)]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 13 Jul 1976 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/42311</guid>
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      <title>EXPERIMENTS ON THE DISPERSION OF HEAVY GASES AND ABATEMENT OF CHLORINE CLOUDS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/28856</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Describes a series of experiments carried out in order to collect data necessary to elaborate realistic emergency plans to be executed in case of large spills of heavy gases.  Special attention was given to the abatement of chlorine clouds as chlorine constitutes one of the major threats.  It is a gas with a relatively high toxicity which is stored and transported in fairly large quantities.  The experiments were carried out in the Netherlands in the period October 1973 to April 1974 under the responsibility of the Committee on Disaster Prevention.  The experiments comprised four different parts which are dealt with seperately 1) Dispersion of heavy gases after an instantaneous release; 2) Penetration of heavy gases in buildings during the passage of a gas-cloud; 3) Influence of a chlorine-cloud on motorised traffic; 4) Suppression and abatement of chlorine-clouds.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 05 Nov 1975 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/28856</guid>
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      <title>EFFECTS OF OIL ON MARINE ORGANISMS: A CRITICAL ASSESSMENT OF PUBLISHED DATA</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/26796</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Effects of oil on marine organisms are categorized as direct lethal toxicity; sub-lethal disruption of physiological/behavioral activities; effects of direct coating; incorporation of hydrocarbons; and alteration of habitat, especially substrate character.  Occurrence of one or more of these effects depends on the composition of oil to which organisms are exposed.  Weathering processes significantly alter the composition of spilled oil, resulting in wide variations in biological effects.  A set of oil fractions, distinguished by boiling point range and hydrocarbon type, provide a basis for including the important chemical aspects of the impact problem.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 19 May 1975 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/26796</guid>
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      <title>ASSESSING POTENTIAL OCEAN POLLUTANTS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/23108</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The thousands of substances that enter the ocean system through industrial, agricultural, or domestic activities have remained largely unexamined, even though many could have potentially harmful effects on the marine environment. This report presents the results of a study to find ways for predicting which materials might have an undersirable environmental impact or jeopardize future ocean resources. The report describes general methods for screening pollutants according to such characteristics as production rate, environmental persistence, toxicity, and bioaccumulation.  It then presents case studies that assess the potential effects of transuranic elements, synthetic organic chemicals, metallic wastes, medicinal wastes, and marine litter.  In addition to providing general conclusions and recommendations regarding the potential impact of the materials chosen for case studies, the report points out that the methods used to examine these materials can and should be applied systematically to other materials entering the marine system.  The information presented in this publication should be useful in extending the information base and technical ability needed to evaluate the effects of man's products and activities on ocean resources.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 07 May 1975 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/23108</guid>
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      <title>STANDARD DISPERSANT EFFECTIVENESS AND TOXICITY TESTS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/20843</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A brief history of the development of the Standard EPA Dispersant Effectiveness and Toxicity tests is outlined. The standard tests are presented and discussed.  An analysis of variance is performed on the data developed by three independent laboratories in order to determine the reproducibility of standard test procedures.  In the standard effectiveness test, oil is applied to the water surface in a cylindrical tank.  Dispersant is applied in a fine stream and then mixing energy is supplied by a pressurized water stream.  The tank contents are recirculated after which samples are withdrawn for extraction and spectrophotometric analysis.  The standard toxicity test involves exposing three species (Pimphales promelas, Fundulus heteroclitus, and Artemia salina) to dispersant and oil/dispersant mixtures.  From these a curve relating organism survival to material concentrations is developed to determine median tolerance limits.  Separate discussion sections include the statistical analyses of "testing the test" results for reproducibility and the rationale for selecting the test procedures as presented.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 31 Dec 1974 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/20843</guid>
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      <title>EFFECTS OF OIL DISPERSANTS AND OIL EMULSIONS ON MARINE ANIMALS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/18974</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The toxicities to marine animals of nine oil dispersants, three oil emulsions with Coexit and of a dispersion of Oman crude oil, have been studied in continuous flow aquarium systems at 96-h exposures followed by a recovery period in clean sea water.  New types of dispersants were found to be less toxic than older types and oil emulsions more toxic than dispersants alone or crude oil alone.  Ecological consequences of dispersants and oil pollution in the marine environment are discussed.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 07 May 1974 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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