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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
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    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>SATELLITE STUDIES OF FRESH-WATER ICE MOVEMENT ON LAKE ERIE</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/155810</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Ice formation, movement, and break-up in Lake Erie are different in each sub-basin, Western, Central, and Eastern, owing to the variation in depth of water, geomorphology, and meteorologic factors. Ice movement after initial break-up in 1974-77 resulted in the accumulation of ice at the entrance of the Niagara River at the eastern end of the lake. In 1973, satellite images show the unusual development of an ice dam across the entire width of Lake Erie and the 'ice plug' at the mouth of the Niagara did not form. The effect of wind direction on break-up patterns is seen to be critical to any attempt at forecasting date of complete ice melt as well as day-to-day distribution of ice. Satellite observation of ice in Lake Erie--and in all large lakes--provides information regularly, routinely, and synoptically form a point in space.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 27 Oct 1981 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>ICEBERG INVESTIGATION ALONG THE WEST COAST OF GREENLAND</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/167217</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Both the Ministry for Greenland represented by the Greenland Technical Organization and the Petroleum Industry have conducted extensive measuring programmes ... aimed at determining the frequency of occurrence of icebergs near the petroleum concession areas ... The measuring programmes, methods and measuring equipment are described in the paper.  Typical results of the investigations include iceberg characteristics, geographical iceberg density distribution and correlation between large scale iceberg movements and current and wind measurements.  (Author)]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 12 Jun 1981 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/167217</guid>
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      <title>SEA ICE-75. DYNAMICAL REPORT</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/57067</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Field measurements on sea ice was carried out in the Bay of Bothnia during March 10-20, 1975.  The forces and parameters in the equation of motion for sea ice have been studied on the Mesoscale.  Winds and currents were measured to calculate the wind and water stress, the ice mass distribution was studied, the tilting of the sea surface computed, vertical temperature and salinity soundings in the water made and surface temperatures at different ice types measured.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 30 Jan 1978 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>IMPINGEMENT OF SEA ICE ON THE NORTH COAST OF ALASKA</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/51812</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Observations and predictions of the movement of sea ice in polar oceans have been and still are severely limited because of the size of the areas involved and the obscuration of the ice by clouds and/or darkness during much of the year.  Lack of knowledge of the mechanics of the ice and its coupling at the air and water interfaces has been a further impediment.  An attempt was made to develop a technique which would overcome some of these problems and facilitate the prediction of ice movement without direct observation.  By mathematical conversion, daily atmospheric surface pressures for the period 1948 to 1967 were translated to hypothetical ice drift vectors at 10 points in the Beaufort and Chuckchi seas. Comparisons were made with wind observations on, and drift tracks of, several drifting stations which moved within the study area. Although complete correlation between the hypothetical ice drift and the observed movement of the pack ice boundary was not obtained, this may reflect the quality of the visual observations available for the period rather than weakness of a statistical study.  The authors conclude that the technique can improve the understanding of the relationship between wind and ice drift.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 13 Apr 1977 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>SEA-ICE AND SURFACE WATER CIRCULATION, ALASKA CONTINENTAL SHELF</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/13961</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The author has identified the following significant results. Over 1500 water samples from surface and from standard hydrographic depths were collected during June and July 1973 from Bering Sea and Gulf of Alaska. The measurement of temperature, salinity, and productivity indicated that various distinct water masses cover the Bering Sea shelf. The suspended load in surface waters will be correlated with the ERTS-1 imagery as it becomes available to delineate the surface water circulation. The movement of ice floes in the Bering Strait and Bering Sea indicated that movement of ice varies considerably and may depend on wind stress as well as ocean currents.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 28 Feb 1974 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>THEORY OF ICE FIELD DRIFT IN A HORIZONTALLY NONUNIFORM WIND FIELD</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2776</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This article contains a study of the nonstationary problem of ice drift considering the interaction of ice floes.  The Laplace transformation is applied to the initial equation. For representing the complex velocity, an inhomogeneous second-order differential equation is obtained the solution of which was obtained by M.I. Ruzin (see Works of the Arctic and Antarctic Scientific Research Institute, 1959, No. 226, pp123-135).  By inversion and separating the real and imaginary parts of this solution, the author obtains the drift velocity components of the ice.  Considering that the drift velocity is basically determined by the wind effect, the author then calculates the additional velocities caused by interaction of the ice fields.  The formulas obtained agree well with the results of natural measurements performed at station SP-4.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 21 Jan 1973 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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