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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
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    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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      <title>STRESS MEASUREMENTS IN RAILROAD WHEELS VIA THE BARKHAUSEN EFFECT</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/50630</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The feasibility of utilizing the Barkhausen Effect in ferromagnetic steels as a nondestructive means for ascertaining residual stresses in railroad wheels was investigated.  Railroad wheels are generally manufactured with compressive stress distributions in the rim to impede the propagation of fissures or thermal cracks caused by brake applications.  In service, these compressive stresses may gradually become tensile, thus increasing the potential for wheel failure.  Speciments examined using the Barkhausen noise measurement technique included four new wheels and two used wheels.  Stress measurements form this nondestructive technique were compared with stress values determined by a dissection method of strain relaxation.  Qualitative consistency in these data were observed, although testing of a larger data base will be required to determine the utility of the Barkhausen noise measurement technique for identifying those wheels which are potentially hazardous because of tensile stress buildup.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 31 Aug 2003 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/50630</guid>
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      <title>INVESTIGATIONS OF CRACK GROWTH IN RAILROAD CAR WHEELS CAUSED BY THERMALLY INDUCED RESIDUAL STRESS CHANGES AND CYCLIC MECHANICAL LOADING</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/86333</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The elastic-plastic deformation of railroad car wheels as a result of heat input to the wheels during tread braking is analyzed using the deformation theory of plasticity incorporating material stress-strain behavior found as a function of temperature at a prechosen loading rate.  The magnitudes of residual circumferential stress changes after cooling are studied to determine the likelihood of crack growth of certain size flaws in the wheel rim.  Comparison with experimental crack growth data and experimentally measured permanent deformations of wheels after testing are used to check the accuracy of the computer predictions. Cyclic stresses from the supporting loads of the rail on the wheel are found by use of a finite element program which modeled the loads with a Fourier series expansion and are verified by comparison with experimental data.  The magnitudes of these ranges of stress are considered along with the residual stress changes from thermal overloads to analyze the possibility of growth of these rim cracks in service.  Finally, comparisons with service failures are made in order to define the applicability of the method of analysis developed here.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sat, 26 May 1979 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/86333</guid>
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      <title>FRACTURE MECHANICS APPROACH TO THE STRENGTH OF WHEELSETS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/76886</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A fracture mechanics approach is made to two types of wheelset failures--brittle fracture of the rim and fretting corrosion at the axle wheel seat.  In both cases conditions for crack growth and final failure could be analyzed experimentally.  The effects of material properties and service conditions on critical strength can be evaluated.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 12 Dec 1978 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/76886</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>A COMPARISON OF THE STRESS LEVELS IN ONE- AND TWO-WEAR 36- IN. DIAMETER WHEELS UNDER SIMULATED SERVICE LOADS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/48085</link>
      <description><![CDATA[An investigation of the stress level produced in 36-in. wheels during normal service operation, including the effects of wear, is presented in this publication.  In particular, the stress fields were determined for both one- and two-wear wheels of different geometric design and manufacture.  Stress fields were generated for each one-wear wheel design in both the new and worn configurations. However, stress fields were determined for the new, returned, and worn tread profiles for the two-wear wheels. From the analysis, it was concluded that decreasing the rim thickness of 36-in. (0.914-m) wheels increases the state of stress in locations critical to the formation of shattered rims, plate cracks, and back-rim cracks.  The increase in level of stress is at a low rate and low level during the first wear period of a two-wear wheel.  A more rapid rate of increase of stress to levels of the same approximate magnitude for the second wear period of two-wear wheels and the life of one-wear wheels is observed.  Based on the above, it is suggested that one-wear wheels would spend more of their service life in a state of high stress than would two-wear wheels.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 11 May 1977 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/48085</guid>
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      <title>ULTRASONIC CONTROL OF THE LOOSENING OF RAILWAY WHEEL RIMS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/17948</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A brief outline is given of the mechanical characteristics of forced keying of the rims; as well as the operating conditions which encourage their loosening and the present empirical methods of control.  The principle of the propagation of ultra-sounds in forced contacts is then theoretically introduced, and on this principle is based the study which concludes with the presentation of a new method of control of the state of keying of wheel rims by means of ultra-sound.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 12 Nov 1976 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/17948</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>STUDY OF RIM STRESSES RESULTING FROM STATIC LOADS ON DIFFERENT 36-INCH RAILROAD WHEEL DESIGNS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/9162</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This report is the result of a series of experimental tests made at the Southern Railway Research & Tests Laboratory in Alexandria, Va., on 36-in.-dia., one-wear railroad wheels. The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the stress levels developed in the rim section of different wheel designs, and to determine if there exists a relationship between high stress levels in the wheel rim and a history of fatigue failures of the wheel tread.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sat, 18 Sep 1976 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/9162</guid>
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      <title>LONGER LIFE FOR ROLLER BEARINGS? TWO-WEAR WHEELS?</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/36132</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Association of American Railroads proposal for a two-wear wheel, reduction in the reapplications limit for rim thickness on the 100-ton car, modified reclamation procedures for truck side frames and bolsters, and wide-ranging standards engineering including coordination with national and international standards bodies on COFC matters is discussed.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 19 Feb 1976 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/36132</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>ULTRASONIC MEASUREMENT OF STRESS IN RAILROAD WHEELS AND IN LONG LENGTHS OF WELDED RAIL</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/21189</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The failure of high speed emergency braking is discussed for railroad wheels and track. It is shown that high compressive residual stresses exist in the rims of new wheels which generate excessive heat, reducing the stress levels. Thermal stresses that build up in continuous lengths of welded track are reported and nondestructive methods of measuring stresses in thick steel are presented for identification, replacement, or adjustment before hazardous failures occur.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 29 Jan 1975 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/21189</guid>
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