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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
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    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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      <title>Understanding Parents' School Travel Choices: A Qualitative Study Using the Theoretical Domains Framework</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1467712</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Traffic related air pollution is detrimental to health and creates a substantial attributable mortality burden. It is suggested that a shift from motorized transport to active forms of travel will therefore have significant health benefits. Currently 46% of school journeys for primary aged children are made by car and this figure has risen steadily. Understanding barriers to active school travel (AST) is an important first step in developing behavioral interventions to increase active travel. The purpose of this study was to explore parents’ experiences of school travel and their choices regarding travel mode with a focus on identifying barriers and facilitators to AST. Twenty parents of primary school children (4–12 years) in the West Yorkshire region took part in semi-structured interviews regarding school travel, informed by the Theoretical Domains Framework. Framework Analysis was used to identify key themes in the data and to develop a comprehensive picture of parents' experiences of school travel at both individual and structural levels. Distance was the biggest barrier to AST. Time constraints were reported as the main barrier to parents accompanying children in AST, while concerns about safety deterred parents from allowing children to travel independently. The need to incorporate multiple journeys, such as the work commute and/or multiple school drop-offs, placed demands on parents' time, while difficulty getting children into local schools meant further to travel for a number of parents. Findings suggest that interventions to promote AST may be particularly effective if tailored towards working parents. However, also addressing factors such as distance to school and school travel at a policy level may produce more significant shifts in behavior.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 20 Jun 2017 09:07:23 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1467712</guid>
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      <title>Who, Where, When: The Demographic and Geographic Distribution of Bicycle Crashes in West Yorkshire</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1419097</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Factors associated with cycle safety, including international differences in injury and mortality rates, protective equipment and bicycle training, have been subject to increasing academic interest. Environmental variables associated with cycle safety have also been scrutinized, but few studies have focused on geographical factors at the local level. This paper addresses this research gap by analyzing a geo-referenced dataset of road traffic incidents, taken from the UK’s STATS19 dataset (2005–2012). The authors investigate incidents involving cyclists within West Yorkshire. This is an interesting case study area as it has an historically low cycling rate but very ambitions cycling plans following investment from the Department of Transport. West Yorkshire is found to be an unusually risky area for cyclists, with an estimated 53 deaths and 1372 serious injuries per billion kilometers cycled, based on census commuting statistics. This is roughly double the national average. This riskiness varies spatially and temporally, broadly in line with expectations from the previous literature. An unexpected result was that cycling seems to be disproportionately risky for young people in West Yorkshire compared with young people nationally. The case study raises the issue of potential negative health impacts of promoting cycling amongst vulnerable groups in dangerous areas. The authors conclude by highlighting opportunities for increasing cycling uptake via measures designed primarily to improve safety. The analysis underlying this research is reproducible, based on code stored at github.com/Robinlovelace/bikeR.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 24 Aug 2016 17:08:45 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1419097</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Security and Services for Better Company Results. Specialisation and Partnership to Enable Security Staff to Deliver Added Value</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1143050</link>
      <description><![CDATA[One of the biggest challenges in providing security in transit settings is that the goal is to make the system feel welcoming, which runs counter to the more common security goal of selectively excluding people.  This article discusses the importance of the customer service aspect of transit security from the perspective of both the transportation authority and the security provider.  The Western Yorkshire Integrated Transport Authority operates 22 bus stations in the north of England.  Since customers rate feeling safe as the most important factor in using a bus station, the transportation authority has prioritized this factor.  The authority uses closed-circuit television and police liaisons to reduce incidents of antisocial behavior.  However, it views contract security as an integral part of the service team in the bus station.  The transit authority works with its security service provider to broaden the traditional security role to include customer service.  Security personnel are trained to give passenger information, carry bags and give first aid.  Metro and security staff are jointly trained to ensure that all staff are comfortable with the authority’s culture of customer service.  From the perspective of the security company, security guards that are encouraged to actively interact with passengers are more visible in the public space and thus can better contribute to crime prevention and deterrence.  Helpful security staff make passengers feel more comfortable, and in turn, security staff that can interact with passengers feel more appreciated and motivated in their jobs.  Although this approach to transit security requires more thought and time that the standard security provision, the results can benefit the transit authority, the security company and the passengers.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 19 Jul 2012 10:07:48 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1143050</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>The Use and Application of User Segmentation for the Marketing of Urban Public Transport Services: A Case Study of West Yorkshire, UK</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/841785</link>
      <description><![CDATA[There are two main conclusions that can be drawn from this paper. First, on methodological level, association analysis can be used effectively in those analytical situations where the data is of a variable quality in measurement terms.  Since the technique operates using binary deviation, nominal data can be included in the clustering procedure without any loss of credibility in the results that are obtained. In a transport context, as in many areas of marketing, this means that information that would otherwise be lost can be incorporated within a fuller multivariate analysis. A similar study of the public transport market was carried out in the Leeds Metropolitan District of West Yorkshire in February 1985 that used the same methodology. Second, on the marketing level, there are three main characteristics of a meaningful segmentation – measurability, accessibility, and substantiality. The methodology outlined in the paper has provided a useful contribution to this decision-making process.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 18 Dec 2007 11:29:31 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/841785</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>EVALUATION OF RURAL BUS SUBSIDY GRANT AND RURAL BUS CHALLENGE</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/661856</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper presents an evaluation of two funding sources for buses in England - the rural bus subsidy grant (RBSG) and the rural bus challenge (RBC).  The table of contents lists the following chapter headings and subheadings:  1. Introduction - Context, Changing context, Structure of the report; 2. What the figures reveal - Introduction, Detailed Analysis of Data for 1999-2000 and 2000-2001, Analysis of data for 2001-2002; 3. The views of the local authorities - Feedback analysis, Interviews and Workshops, RBSG allocation and criteria, RBC; 4. The e-mail survey - Introduction, RBSG allocation, RBSG impact on other polices, RBC, Cross Boundary Issues, Benefits of funding, Impact on community transport, Measures to improve quality, Innovation, Balance of funding, The future, Confirmation of initial findings; 5. The case studies - Introduction, Bedfordshire, Lincolnshire, North Yorkshire, South Gloucestershire, Swindon, West Yorkshire; 6. Conclusions - Introduction, The impact of RBSG, The impact of RBC, The combined funding package, Value for money, The future.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 24 Oct 2003 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/661856</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>REALISING THE BENEFITS WEST YORKSHIRE WATERWAYS: WHERE BENEFITS FLOW TO EVERYONE..</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/618690</link>
      <description><![CDATA[No abstract provided.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 15 Jun 2001 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/618690</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN HACKNEY CARRIAGES AND PRIVATE HIRE CARS IN WEST YORKSHIRE</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/344933</link>
      <description><![CDATA[No abstract provided.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 31 Mar 1992 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/344933</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>WEST YORKSHIRE ROAD CAR COMPANY LIMITED FARES POLICY ON CERTAIN ROUTES BETWEEN BRADFORD AND SKIPTON: A REPORT</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/324445</link>
      <description><![CDATA[No abstract provided.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 31 Jul 1990 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/324445</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>AN ELECTRIC FUTURE FOR YORKSHIRE?</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/327896</link>
      <description><![CDATA[No abstract provided.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sat, 30 Jun 1990 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/327896</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>THE EFFECTS OF THE 1985 TRANSPORT ACT IN WEST YORKSHIRE</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/326297</link>
      <description><![CDATA[No abstract provided.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 31 May 1990 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/326297</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>DEVELOPMENT OF TRAFFIC CALMING IN A HEAVILY-TRAFFICKED SHOPPING STREET</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/320478</link>
      <description><![CDATA[No abstract provided.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 31 Dec 1989 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/320478</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>COMPUTERISING FOR DEREGULATION</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/254778</link>
      <description><![CDATA[WEST YORKSHIRE PASSENGER TRANSPORT EXECUTIVE]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 30 Sep 1988 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/254778</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>SPRINTING ACROSS THE PENNINES : ... THE PACE OF CHANGE AFFECTING PROVINCIAL SERVICES IN AND AROUND WEST YORKSHIRE</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/255798</link>
      <description><![CDATA[No abstract provided.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 30 Sep 1988 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/255798</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>MORE METRO TRAINS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/250549</link>
      <description><![CDATA[No abstract provided.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 31 Aug 1988 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/250549</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>PEDESTRIAN AMENITY: ON STREET SURVEY DESIGN</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/252088</link>
      <description><![CDATA[No abstract provided.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 31 Aug 1988 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/252088</guid>
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