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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
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    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <item>
      <title>RECOMMENDATIONS FOR THE FORMING AND WELDING OF STEEL PIPE FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF LONG-DISTANCE PIPELINES</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/434996</link>
      <description><![CDATA[No abstract provided.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 14 Aug 1995 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/434996</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>A SYNCHRONOUS WELDING MODEL FOR THE PRODUCTION AND CONTROL OF FCA WELDING PROCEDURES WHEN FABRICATING HIGH STRENGTH STEEL STRUCTURES</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/434824</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Weld pool control and stability is the basis for the production of sound wells. The pool stability is influenced by, for example, welding current and joint fit up. A numerical welding model has been developed which inter-relates the welding procedure parameters and the stability of the weld pool. Flux cored arc welding in position was considered. This Synchronous Welding model is detailed and discussed in relation to the design, construction and Quality Control implications. The tensile and notch toughness properties of a range of welds were determined for welds in HY80 type steel. For example, a 0.2% proof strength of 670 MPa and subsize weld toughness of 75J (at -50 degree C) were obtained at a heat input of 8J/m.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 14 Aug 1995 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/434824</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>QUALITY CONTROL OF WELDED PRODUCTS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/163480</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The aim of this publication is to make the reader able to analyse those parts of manufacturing of welded products that are important for achieving acceptable quality control and to make it easier to introduce quality control.  The following subjects are dealt with: quality control of welded products, the extent of quality control in relation to the complexity of the product and a list of quality control activities.  Order from NSFI as No. 22163.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 21 May 1981 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/163480</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>WELD DEFECT DISTRIBUTIONS IN OFFSHORE PLATFORMS AND THEIR RELEVANCE TO RELIABILITY STUDIES, QUALITY CONTROL AND IN-SERVICE INSPECTION</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/165971</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The paper presents analyses of NDT data from a total of more than 250 m of welding in node connections in tubulars in different structures.  The weld defect information has been analysed in terms of type, size, position and distribution.  A system for coding NDT information and storing it in a data bank has been devised.  The analyses show that the distribution of defect size can be described by an exponential or a weibull distribution.  It is concluded that it is possible to define the weld defect pattern in an offshore platform in a suitable way for reliability analysis.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 12 Mar 1981 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/165971</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>WELDING: QUALITY CONTROL IN SHIPBUILDING</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/153411</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The Author, of Astilleros Espanoles S.A., discusses weld quality and its control in the shipyard, including its relationship with production costs, under the headings:--1. Welding and Quality Control (General--Specifying Quality Requirements--Some Considerations in the Control of Welding--Static and Fatigue Strength of Welded Joints--Fatigue Behaviour of Different Types of Joint--Influence of Weld-Face Convexity).  2. Inspection of Welds by Non-Destructive Testing, and Acceptability Criteria (General--Number of Radiographs, Position, and Acceptance Criterion--Statistical Control of Welding Quality, Radiographic Statistical Control, Ultrasonic Statistical Control--Determination of the Cost of Quality).]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 07 May 1980 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/153411</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>WELDING DEFORMATIONS AND QUALITY CONTROL. PART 2: TEMPERATURE FIELDS, STRESSES, AND DEFORMATIONS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/148301</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In Part 1, three methods of calculating the temperature fields occurring during the welding of intersecting structural elements were examined.  The methods, and several variants of them, were investigated with the object of finding a solution of adequate accuracy and minimum cost, and with this in view a number of possible simplifications were considered.  In the present part of the article, the Authors examine the possibilities of minimising the uncertainties present in these simplifications, and determine the influence of the different calculating methods upon the values found for the temperature fields, stresses, deformations, and calculation times.  The study and its conclusions are described and discussed in some detail. Order BSRA as No. 52,107.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 31 Mar 1980 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/148301</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>INSTRUMENTATION IN ARC WELDING-A CAUTIONARY TALE</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/147489</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Much of the instrumentation and many of the controls in use today for arc welding equipment are far from adequate for a modern technology, and the operational standards are often lower than would be considered mandatory for an average motor car.  The vicious circle of poor instrumentation which is under engineered and hence ignored as it is not sufficiently helpful must be broken, or arc welding will always be suspect from the quality assurance standpoint. This article provides some indications of the problems to be faced and suggests possible palliatives, and it is intended that a future article will describe the Instrumentation Packages being proposed by the Institute.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 11 Feb 1980 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/147489</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>DEVELOPMENT OF ENERGY SAVING TYPE PREHAEATING SYSTEM FOR WELDING</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/141489</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The improvement of preheating process for welding is required for reduction of gas consumption and better weld quality control.  The authors conducted studies for the development of an energy-saving type preheating system for welding in an effort to meet the need and developed a preheating system composed of high-efficiency gas burners, a high-precision temperature measuring device and a combustion control device.  The performance of the new preheating system is introduced in this paper, which is briefly as follows: (1) The gas burners are of premix type and have a high heat transfer coefficient.  (2) The temperature measuring device can measure the surface temperature up to 500 deg C with an accuracy of plus or minus 10 deg C.  (3) The control device controls fuel gas consumption according to the surface temperature of the work.  It is expected that fuel gas consumption can be reduced by 50 percent by use of this preheating system.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 07 Nov 1979 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/141489</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>INSPECTION OF WELDS WHEN FITNESS-FOR-PURPOSE CRITERIA ARE APPLIED--PRELIMINARY RECOMMENDATION</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/84549</link>
      <description><![CDATA[1. Application of fitness-for-purpose criteria allows the introduction of more realistic quality requirements and diminished quality costs.  However, such criteria demand an inspection system which in many ways is different from the inspection systems generally applied to welds.  2. The recommendation is intended to be an aid for inspectors who have to prepare specifications for inspection under circumstances when fitness-for-purpose criteria are applied. 3. The recommendation gives some information of a general nature on fracture mechanics calculations and determination of design critical defect sizes.  This information is only intended to aid the inspector in communicating with the designers and the fracture mechanics specialists.  The recommandation is not intended to be and should not be used as an aid to determination of design critical defect sizes. This recommendation has been prepared by Sub-Commission VF of the IIW as an aid to planning and supervision of inspection systems when fitness-for-purpose criteria are applied.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 31 Jul 1979 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/84549</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>FATIGUE BEHAVIOR OF 5000 SERIES ALUMINUM ALLOY WELDMENTS IN MARINE ENVIRONMENT</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/79998</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The report presents the results of a study of the fatigue behavior of 5000 series aluminum alloy weldments submerged in seawater.  Tests were conducted on plain plate, transverse butt-welded and longitudinal butt-welded specimens of 5086-H116, 5456-H116, and 5456-H117 aluminum alloys.  The specimens were full thickness plates (3/4 in. and 1 in. thick) axially fatigued under a zero-to-tension stress cycle.  Sixty fatigue tests were conducted including thirty-nine tests on specimens in marine environment with the remainder in air environment.  Results are presented in both tabular and graphical form.  S-N diagrams show the significant reduction in fatigue life for both plain plate and weldments at all stress levels as a result of submergence in seawater.  Results are further differentiated on the basis of alloy type and weld orientation. Supplemental tests were conducted including fatigue tests of six plain plate specimens of ABS Class C steel.  Studies also included the measurement of weld angles at the point of the crack initiation in welded specimens, finite element analysis of a typical butt-welded shape, distribution of residual stresses and weld quality evaluation.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 03 Dec 1978 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/79998</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>THE DEVELOPMENT OF EFFICIENT AND RATIONAL SAMPLING SCHEMES FOR THE NDT OF WELDED FABRICATIONS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/74519</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Statistical sampling techniques in manufacturing industries are by and large statistically unsound, and this field in general is lacking in quantitative information on the distribution of individual defects.  Work on circular aluminium vessels and four storage tanks illustrated how various sampling techniques can be used in practice and indicated their use with acceptance standards.  However, because of the lack of data, these statistical methods cannot be used to set acceptable levels in terms of the number of defects.  Usually 10% of the welds are examined by non-destructive testing methods and the defect level in the sample is assumed to reflect the defect level in the whole fabrication.  These simple sampling schemes regularly used for weld acceptance inspection do not rationally relate the amount of inspection to the expected level of defects, the acceptable quality level, the size of the inspection batch, and the cost of inspection; consequently the most efficient and reliable sampling scheme possible is rarely used.  This paper describes the analyses of the weld-defect distribution in some welded fabrications and how sampling schemes can be used to provide more rational and efficient sampling schemes for quality control purposes.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 14 Sep 1978 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/74519</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>QUALITY STANDARDS AND QUALITY CONTROL IN SHIPBUILDING; A JOINT TASK OF SHIPYARD AND CLASSIFICATION SOCIETY</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/53954</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The subject examined is the welded hull structures of large cargo ships, where use is made of high strength hull steels. The scope of quality standard and control and acceptance limits is examined jointly with the main governing factors, i.e.fatigue, brittle fracture, cold cracking, lamellar tearing; guidelines are given.  For fatigue, design curves are reported relevant to joint configuration and butt joints with defects; the latter may serve to establish acceptance limits; basic directions for a quality standard are also given.  Factors of the usual formula for crack propagation are indicated for possible details requiring particular analysis.  Temperature-thickness values equivalent to V notch impact test requirements of various grades of steel and welding consumables are suggested for given conditions of plane stress or dynamic loading.  The relaxations allowable for the heat-affected zone and tests on production welds are given.  A quality control programme is outlined and advisable cooperation between shipyard and classification society discussed.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 31 Aug 1977 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/53954</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>DESIGNER'S VIEW OF WELDING REQUIREMENTS FOR ADVANCED SHIP STRUCTURES</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/52078</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The projected usage of the higher strength materials will require a structural integrity approach with maximum mechanization of fabrication and intensive involvement of welding engineering personnel during the initial stages of design.  Sections discuss design and fabrication considerations for steel hulls as viewed by the structural designer and aspects of U. S.  Navy ship research efforts in welding evaluation and in weld and process development.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 11 May 1977 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/52078</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>THE OPTIMISATION OF WELDING PROCEDURES</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/48119</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The Welding Institute has been investigating techniques to provide information which will allow fabricators to determine, for a particular situation, the welding parameter values most likely to produce sound welds, having regard to the tolerances on these values which can be maintained.  The paper briefly describes the general exploration method and the experimental techniques adopted, distinguishing between the qualitative and quantitative factors used to characterize a weld. Combined weld quality and standard data from a manual and a mechanized process are presented and analyzed.  The use of optimized arc welding data are illustrated by some graphical examples.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 27 Apr 1977 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/48119</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>RECOMMENDED METHODS OF REPORTING WELD METAL HYDROGEN CONTENTS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/64874</link>
      <description><![CDATA[An evaluation is made of a method, used for electrode classificaiton purposes, of reporting weld metal hydrogen contents based on deposited metal.  It is recommended that for comparing processes and predicting procedures, a different basis of reporting be used which more closely approximates true concentrations.  To avoid possible confusion between hydrogen levels reported on a deposited metal basis and the more accurate representation of concentration on a fused metal basis, two different sets of units are recommended.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 13 Apr 1977 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/64874</guid>
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