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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
    <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
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    <language>en-us</language>
    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
    <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
    <image>
      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
      <url>https://trid.trb.org/Images/PageHeader-wTitle.jpg</url>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
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    <item>
      <title>Quantifying the upper levels of Hydén's traffic safety pyramid using global data</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2592187</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Hydén's pyramid qualitatively displays the number of conflicts and road user crashes in different severities. Fatal crashes are on the top of the pyramid, undisturbed passages mark the base of it. To quantify the pyramid, open data from the German Accident Atlas and closed data from the Berlin Police have been analysed with respect to time of the week, crash severity, and conflict-type. The data display distinctive weekly patterns that may reflect the traffic state at the hour of the week. Analysing the ratio among these levels for different crash severity levels seems to demonstrate that serious crashes and fatal crashes sometimes follow a different pattern than property-damage-only crashes, or crashes with lightly injured people. A similar result holds true for the conflict-types. This may indicate that their genesis is a mixed bag: sometimes, the mechanisms are different, and sometimes, they are not.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 08 Sep 2025 14:51:14 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2592187</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>On the commute travel pattern with compressed work schedule</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1705796</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Compressed work schedule (CW) is one of the widely known flexible work hours arrangements (FWAs). In the literature, it has been clearly demonstrated that CW can significantly reduce commuting trips per pay period and thereby relieve peak hour congestion. Without policy intervention, how many firms will choose CW? Is it socially beneficial to encourage all commuters to switch to CW? This paper mainly addresses these questions. A bi-level economic model encapsulating employers’ and employees’ choices on their work schedule is then developed. Firstly, the short-run daily and periodic commute patterns of employees are investigated in a modified activity-based bottleneck model. On top of that, the effects of CW on firms’ productivity are incorporated into our long-run analysis. At long-run equilibrium, no employers and employees can benefit by unilaterally switching their schedule type or changing their schedule design. Multiple equilibria are found with the different number of CW users, depending on the agglomeration rate of productivity and the initial status. The social optimums to maximize total net utility are also determined. At a low rate of agglomeration, it is socially beneficial to introduce CW and the system can achieve the social optimum naturally at long-run equilibrium with positive CW users, under mild assumptions. However, when the agglomeration rate is high, the social optimum is no longer achieved, and workers would stick to the normal schedule at equilibrium if the initial case without CW is considered. This can partially explain why CW is not commonly adopted in practice.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 18 Jun 2020 09:44:51 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1705796</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>100th anniversary issue</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1409868</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Evolution of a magazine -- Spin-offs -- The next 100 years -- 100 key technologies -- CTO roundtable -- Breakthroughs to come -- Aviation week pilot reports -- Aviation week covers.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 01 Jun 2016 13:50:03 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1409868</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>The impacts of feasible staggered work hours and compressed workweek policies on highway networks, transportation economics, organizations, and employees</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1220685</link>
      <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 07 Nov 2012 12:59:15 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1220685</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Real-Time Prediction Model of Bus Arrival Time Based on Transit Pattern</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1091637</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Bus Arrival Time Information Service is a key component of Advanced Public Transportation System (APTS). Instantaneous and accurate prediction of bus arrival time can improve the quality of transit service and satisfaction of customer. Based on the collected automatic vehicle location (AVL) data, the variation of transit travel time on day of week and time of day was tested by non-parameter two-related sample tests to identify transit pattern. According to the analysis of transit running process, bus arrival time was divided into interzone link travel time and section travel time. A combined bus arrival time prediction model was promoted with a self adaptive exponential smoothing algorithm to predict interzone link travel time and two statistical algorithms for section travel time prediction based on the day-of-week and time-of-day pattern. An experiment was conducted to compare the performance between day-of-week and time-of-day pattern based prediction models with three measurements of performance, mean error, mean absolute error, and mean absolute percentage error. The prediction results show that the time-of-day pattern based model outperformed the day-of-week pattern based model in terms of accuracy, reliability and precision, which provides that it will be reasonable to use travel time in previous time-interval rather than historical data travel time for arrival time prediction in real-time application.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 21 Mar 2011 14:13:13 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1091637</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Look Who's Talking! A Roadside Survey of Drivers' Cell Phone Use</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1084374</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The objective of this study was to quantify Melbourne drivers' rates of handheld and hands-free phone use and the driver, vehicle, site, and time characteristics associated with phone use. Additionally, this study sought to examine any change in the prevalence of handheld cell phone use by Melbourne drivers between 2006 and 2009. Methodology consisted of observational survey of vehicle drivers at various times of the day and week at 3 sites across metropolitan Melbourne during May 2009. A total of 195 (3.4%) of the 5,813 drivers observed were using handheld phones and 81 (1.4%) were using hands-free phones. This represents a significant increase in handheld phone usage rates compared to those found in an earlier study conducted in Melbourne in 2006. Cell phone use was associated with a range of driver, vehicle, site, and time characteristics. Handheld phone users were predominately young or middle-aged drivers who drove cars or 4-wheel-drive vehicles (4WDs), and this activity was more likely to occur in the late afternoon. Use of hands-free phones did not differ significantly across gender, age group, vehicle type, observation site, or time of day; however, use of hands-free phones was higher on weekdays compared to weekends. Despite legislation being in place, drivers' handheld cell phone use is still a major road safety concern, particularly for young and middle-aged drivers. The effectiveness of other strategies for decreasing handheld usage rates, including increased surveillance and tougher penalties, need to be ascertained.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 19 Jan 2011 10:52:48 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1084374</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Visual assessment of pedestrian crashes</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1083862</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Of the numerous factors that play a role in fatal pedestrian collisions, the time of day, day of the week, and time of year can be significant determinants. More than 60% of all pedestrian collisions in 2007 occurred at night, despite the presumed decrease in both pedestrian and automobile exposure during the night. Although this trend is partially explained by factors such as fatigue and alcohol consumption, prior analysis of the Fatality Analysis Reporting System database suggests that pedestrian fatalities increase as light decreases after controlling for other factors. This study applies graphical cross-tabulation, a novel visual assessment approach, to explore the relationships among collision variables. The results reveal that twilight and the first hour of darkness typically observe the greatest frequency of pedestrian fatal collisions. These hours are not necessarily the most risky on a per mile travelled basis, however, because pedestrian volumes are often still high. Additional analysis is needed to quantify the extent to which pedestrian exposure (walking/crossing activity) in these time periods plays a role in pedestrian crash involvement. Weekly patterns of pedestrian fatal collisions vary by time of year due to the seasonal changes in sunset time. In December, collisions are concentrated around twilight and the first hour of darkness throughout the week while, in June, collisions are most heavily concentrated around twilight and the first hours of darkness on Friday and Saturday. Friday and Saturday nights in June may be the most dangerous times for pedestrians. Knowing when pedestrian risk is highest is critically important for formulating effective mitigation strategies and for efficiently investing safety funds. This applied visual approach is a helpful tool for researchers intending to communicate with policy-makers and to identify relationships that can then be tested with more sophisticated statistical tools.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 29 Dec 2010 11:34:36 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1083862</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>LES ACCIDENTS CORPORELS DE LA CIRCULATION ROUTIERE EN 1971.</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1077954</link>
      <description><![CDATA[CETTE BROCHURE CONTIENT LES RESULTATS GENERAUX ESSENTIELS DES STATISTIQUES CONCERNANT LES ACCIDENTS CORPORELS DE LA CIRCULATION ROUTIERE EN FRANCE EN 1971. CES STATISTIQUES SONT REPARTIES EN 15 TABLEAUX INDIQUANT : LES ACCIDENTS SURVENUS PAR DEPARTEMENT - LES VEHICULES ET USAGERS IMPLIQUES DANS  CES ACCIDENTS ET CLASSES PAR CATEGORIE - LES ACCIDENTS ET VICTIMES CLASSES PAR PERIODE (MOIS, JOUR, HEURE) - LA REPARTITION DES ACCIDENTS PAR AGE ET SEXE - LES ACCIDENTS CLASSES SUIVANT L'INFRASTRUCTURE ET LES CONDITIONS  ATMOSPHERIQUES - LES TYPES DE COLLISION.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 21 Nov 2010 16:38:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1077954</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>STATISTIQUE ANNUELLE DES ACCIDENTS DE LA CIRCULATION ROUTIERE CONSTATES PAR LA GENDARMERIE NATIONALE EN METROPOLE EN 1972.</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1077953</link>
      <description><![CDATA[CETTE BROCHURE REALISEE PAR LA GENDARMERIE NATIONALE DRESSE LE BILAN DES ACCIDENTS QU'ELLE A CONSTATES EN 1972 EN FRANCE. L'AUGMENTATION DU NOMBRE DES ACCIDENTS ET DE CELUI DES BLESSES S'EST POURSUIVIE EN 1972. PAR CONTRE  L'AUGMENTATION DU NOMBRE DE MORTS A ETE TRES NETTEMENT INFERIEURE A CELLE DE 1971. DES TABLEAUX INDIQUENT : L'EVOLUTION GENERALE DES ACCIDENTS - LA COMPARAISON ENTRE LES ACCIDENTS SURVENUS EN ZONE URBAINE ET LE RESTE DU RESEAU - LA GRAVITE COMPAREE DES ACCIDENTS - LA REPARTITION DES ACCIDENTS DANS LE TEMPS, DANS L'ESPACE ET PAR CATEGORIES D'USAGERS DE LA ROUTE - LES  CAUSES DES ACCIDENTS - LES ACCIDENTS SUR AUTOROUTES - L'INFLUENCE DE LA LIMITATION DE VITESSE SUR LES ACCIDENTS - LES CONTROLES EN MATIERE DE REPRESSION DE LA CONDUITE SOUS L'EMPIRE D'UN ETAT ALCOOLIQUE (SUR L'ENSEMBLE DU RESEAU ET SUR LES AUTOROUTES) - LA REPARTITION DES AUTEURS PRESUMES DES ACCIDENTS CORPORELS SELON LES TRANCHES D'AGE ET SELON L'ANCIENNETE DU PERMIS DE CONDUIRE - LES ACCIDENTS DANS LESQUELS SONT IMPLIQUES LES POIDS LOURDS. CES STATISTIQUES SONT REPRISES ET COMMENTEES DANS LA REVUE ROUTE ET SECURITE NUMERO 131, MARS-AVRIL 1973, P. 3 A 10. ON TROUVERA EGALEMENT DANS CETTE REVUE LA CARTE DE FRANCE DES ACCIDENTS. CES RENSEIGNEMENTS SONT AUSSI PUBLIES DANS SECURITE ROUTIERE, NUMERO 131, MAI-JUIN 1973, P. 20-28, ET DANS PROTECTION ET SECURITE ROUTIERE, NUMERO 7, 1973, P.7-11.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 21 Nov 2010 16:37:58 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1077953</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>TOURISME ET TRANSPORT.</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1077864</link>
      <description><![CDATA[L'AUTEUR, PARTANT TOUT D'ABORD DE LA DIFFICULTE DE DIFFERENCIER VOYAGEUR ET TOURISTE, TENTE DE DETERMINER LA PART QUI REVIENT AU TOURISME DANS LE TRAFIC GLOBAL DES MOYENS DE TRANSPORT. LES STATISTIQUES REPRISES DANS L'ARTICLE EMANENT DE L'UIOOT, DU COMMISSARIAT GENERAL AU TOURISME, ET DES ENQUETES DE L'INSEE ET CONCERNENT LES VACANCES D'ETE, CELLES D'HIVER ET LES WEEK-ENDS. EN CONCLUSION, L'AUTEUR SOULIGNE L'INFLUENCE DU TOURISME SUR LE TRANSPORT ET LA CIRCULATION ET LE FAIT QUE LE DEVELOPPEMENT DU TOURISME EST LIE AU PROGRES DES MOYENS DE TRANSPORT.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 21 Nov 2010 16:35:40 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1077864</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>TRANSPORTS ET LOISIRS.</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1077829</link>
      <description><![CDATA[LES LOISIRS REPRESENTENT EN FRANCE 27% DE LA CONSOMMATION DES MENAGES. L'UTILISATION DES VEHICULES PARTICULIERS, DU CHEMIN DE FER ET DE L'AVION REPOND LARGEMENT AU DEPLACEMENT DE LOISIR, RESPECTIVEMENT DANS DES PROPORTIONS DE 60%, 45% ET 40%. L'IMPORTANCE DES DEPLACEMENTS DE WEEK-END RESTE MAL CONNUE, MAIS CEUX-CI SONT INFLUENCES PAR CERTAINES CARACTERISTIQUES DE LA RESIDENCE PRINCIPALE ET DE SON INSERTION DANS LE TISSU URBAIN : LOCALISATION PAR RAPPORT AU CENTRE-VILLE, CARACTERE INDIVIDUEL OU COLLECTIF DE L'HABITAT, TAILLE DE L'AGGLOMERATION.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 21 Nov 2010 16:34:38 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1077829</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>ETUDE DES TRAFICS TOURISTIQUES. LOIRE ATLANTIQUE.</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1077828</link>
      <description><![CDATA[CETTE ETUDE, REALISEE PAR LE CENTRE D'ETUDES TECHNIQUES DE L'EQUIPEMENT DE NANTES, A POUR BUT L'ANALYSE DES TRAFICS TOURISTIQUES EN VUE DE LEUR RECONSTITUTION ET DE LEUR PREVISION, CECI AFIN DE TESTER LA COHERENCE DU RESEAU ACTUEL ET ENVISAGE. DANS UNE REGION A VOCATION TOURISTIQUE, EN EFFET, LE PHENOMENE SAISONNIER NE PEUT ETRE NEGLIGE DANS LE PROGRAMME DES EQUIPEMENTS. CETTE PUBLICATION PRESENTE LA METHODE ET LES RESULTATS DES TRAFICS ACTUELS. UNE SECONDE BROCHURE, A PARAITRE, TESTERA LES HYPOTHESES DE DEVELOPPEMENT TOURISTIQUE FORMULEES PAR L'OREAM ET LE GEP A L'HORIZON 1985.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 21 Nov 2010 16:34:37 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1077828</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>ETUDE DES DEPLACEMENTS ENGENDRES PAR LES SPORTS D'HIVER (TEXTE ET ANNEXES).</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1077824</link>
      <description><![CDATA[L'ETUDE DU CETE DE LYON PORTE SUR LA DEMANDE DE DEPLACEMENTS LIES AUX SPORTS D'HIVER ET LA PREVISION DES POINTS DE TRAFIC DANS LES ZONES DE STATIONS. LES ENQUETES EFFECTUEES CONCERNENT LES TYPES DE FREQUENTATION : JOURNEE, WEEK-END, SEJOUR, LES TAUX DE PRATIQUE PAR CATEGORIES SOCIO-PROFESSIONNELLES, LA REPARTITION DES DEPLACEMENTS ENTRE LES DIVERS MODES DE TRANSPORT.  LES DONNEES RECUEILLIES AMENENT A PROPOSER 4 OBJECTIFS : ETALEMENT DES VACANCES, AMENAGEMENT DES TRAJETS TERMINAUX, ETALEMENT DES DEPARTS A LA SORTIE DES STATIONS, EXPLOITATION AUTOMATISEE DU RESEAU ROUTIER. EN ANNEXES FIGURENT LES CARTES DES STATIONS FRANCAISES DE SPORTS D'HIVER ET DE LEUR DESSERTE.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 21 Nov 2010 16:34:28 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1077824</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>LES ACCIDENTS CORPORELS DE LA CIRCULATION ROUTIERE EN 1972.</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1077766</link>
      <description><![CDATA[CETTE BROCHURE PRESENTE LES RESULTATS GENERAUX ESSENTIELS DES STATISTIQUES CONCERNANT LES ACCIDENTS CORPORELS DE LA CIRCULATION ROUTIERE EN FRANCE EN 1971. ELLE CONTIENT LES TABLEAUX SUIVANTS : ACCIDENTS ET PERSONNES IMPLIQUEES PAR DEPARTEMENT - VEHICULES ET USAGERS IMPLIQUES DANS DES ACCIDENTS  ET CLASSES PAR CATEGORIE - ACCIDENTS ET VICTIMES CLASSES PAR PERIODE (MOIS, JOUR, HEURE) - REPARTITION DES ACCIDENTS PAR AGE ET SEXE - ACCIDENTS CLASSES SUIVANT L'INFRASTRUCTURE ET LES CONDITIONS ATMOSPHERIQUES - TYPES DE COLLISION.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 21 Nov 2010 16:32:46 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1077766</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>LES ACCIDENTS CORPORELS DE LA CIRCULATION ROUTIERE EN 1973.</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1074769</link>
      <description><![CDATA[CETTE BROCHURE PRESENTE LES RESULTATS GENERAUX ESSENTIELS DES STATISTIQUES CONCERNANT LES ACCIDENTS CORPORELS DE LA CIRCULATION ROUTIERE EN FRANCE EN 1973.ELLE CONTIENT LES TABLEAUX SUIVANTS : -ACCIDENTS ET PERSONNES IMPLIQUEES PAR DEPARTEMENT -VEHICULES ET USAGERS IMPLIQUES DANS DES ACCIDENTS ET CLASSES PAR CATEGORIE -ACCIDENTS ET VICTIMES CLASSES PAR PERIODE (MOIS,JOUR,HEURE) -REPARTITION DES ACCIDENTS PAR AGE ET SEXE -ACCIDENTS CLASSES SUIVANT L'INFRASTRUCTURE ET LES CONDITIONS ATMOSPHERIQUES -TYPES DE COLLISION]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 21 Nov 2010 14:44:40 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1074769</guid>
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