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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
    <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
    <atom:link href="https://trid.trb.org/Record/RSS?s=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" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml" />
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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
    <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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      <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
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    <item>
      <title>NONLINEAR DIFFRACTION EFFECTS AROUND A SURFACE-PIERCING STRUCTURE</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/480323</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In this paper the interaction of a wave system with a submerged or surface piercing body is studied.  The wave diffraction caused by a cylinder in finite depth water and by a shoal has been computed and the results are compared with analytical solutions and experimental data.  The problem is analysed numerically in the frame of irrotational incompressible flow hypothesis.  Both the linearized and the fully nonlinear mathematical models are studied.  The numerical solution is gained by means of a mixed panel- desingularized formulation.  An explicit time-marching algorithm updates the wave elevation and the potential at the free surface.  In all cases, the numerical simulation mirrors the experimental data.  In the case of the diffraction around a cylinder, the simulation confirms and extends the theoretical results of the second order analysis (Kriebel 1990, 1992): the linear model yields a very good estimation of the force amplitude acting on the body, while the wave profiles are poorly predicted when compared with fully nonlinear simulation and the experimental data.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 27 Mar 1997 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/480323</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>INERTIAL WAVE LOADS ON HORIZONTAL CYLINDERS: A FIELD EXPERIMENT</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/480729</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A long submerged horizontal circular cylinder of .90m diameter was assembled in an area where the wind waves typically have significant height ranging within 0.20 and 0.40m and dominant period within 1.8 and 2.6 s.  Three ultrasonic probes recorded the waves, and two sets of pressure transducers, the first one at the cylinder and the second in the undisturbed wave field, enabled the force amplitude on the cylinder to be compared to the force amplitude on an equivalent mass of water in the undisturbed wave field (Froude- Krylov F-K force).  After ten days of measurements, the experiment was repeated with a cylinder of .45m diameter.  The Keulegan- Carpenter number was within 2.5, and the wave forces proved to be inertial.  The following general features emerged: (i) the force spectrum is usually very narrow even if the wave spectrum is broad; (ii) the vertical diffraction coefficient is somewhat smaller than the horizontal diffraction coefficient (iii) the positive extremes of Fz (vertical force referred to the buoyancy force) markedly exceed the negative extremes; (iv) the pressure fluctuations induced by the highest waves at the cylinder are very similar to the measured pressure-surface displacement covariances.  In each of the 580 records obtained in the course of the experiment it was found that the propagation speed reduces to about a half at the cylinder, and the amplitude of the pressure fluctuations increases of 10-15% at the upper half of the cylinder and decreases of about the same percentage at the lower half.  These phenomena fully explain why the force amplitude on the cylinder is larger than the F-K force amplitude.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 27 Mar 1997 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/480729</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>WAVE INDUCED INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL DYNAMIC PRESSURES ON ACCROPODE MOUND BREAKWATERS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/480303</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The internal and external dynamic pressures due to regular and random waves exerted on a breakwater model with accropode blocks as the primary has been measured.  These measurements have been carried out at two locations, one at still water level (SWL) and another at 0.2 times the water depth below the SWL on the breakwater surface.  Measurements at the same elevations inside the core were also made.  The variation of dimensionless pressures against the wave steepness for different relative water depths are reported.  In the case of random wave tests, results obtained through frequency domain analysis are reported.  The reflection and transmission characteristics of the model are also presented in the paper.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 27 Mar 1997 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/480303</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>WAVE LOADS ON INCLINED CYLINDERS DUE TO RANDOM WAVES</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/480325</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The aim of this study was to investigate the wave induced pressures and forces exerted on inclined circular cylinders due to the action of random waves.  The test cylinder is of 20cm diameter consisting of different individual segments, in which one of the segments was mounted with pressure transducers around its circumference.  The tests were carried out in a wave basin with random waves described by three different standard spectra.  The sectional force time history is obtained by integrating the pressure time histories.  Both spectral and statistical approaches have been applied to investigate the effect of inclination of the cylinder on the wave forces.  The salient results of the study are reported in this paper.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 27 Mar 1997 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/480325</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>NON-LINEAR WAVE THEORY IN RELIABILITY ANALYSIS OF OFFSHORE STRUCTURES</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/480727</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The reliability analysis of offshore structures under wave and wind actions is considered using a second-order random wave theory.  To represent non-Gaussian properties of the resulting wave kinematics, the Hermite moment transformation is used.  Further, an outcrossing approach and directional simulation is employed to assess structural probability and failure.  To circumvent non- Gaussianity of wave/wind load due to nonlinear load processes and also non-Gaussianity of wave kinematics due to the nonlinear wave theory, the so-called sample-specific linearization method is applied. This allows the outcrossing rate (which is not generally available for non-Gaussian processes) to be estimated.  A simple structure is analyzed and the results for structural probability of failure are compared with those obtained using simple linear wave theory. Outcomes show that the use of the nonlinear wave theory may affect the results considerably.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 27 Mar 1997 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/480727</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>ON THE VERTICAL DISTRIBUTION OF WAVE IMPACT PRESSURES</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/480341</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The vertical distribution of wave impact pressures is important for the design of a coastal structure as it determines the total force acting on the structure during a wave impact.  Existing recommendations for this distribution are however contradictory and possibly over or under conservative.  In order to improve the understanding of wave impact loadings, the results from field measurements reported by Rouville (1938) were reanalysed with a statistical model to determine a vertical pressure distribution of defined probability.  It was found that for a given probability two limiting distributions exist, one with a high concentrated load and one with a lower maximum pressure but a wider spread of the pressures. The maximum pressures and the loaded areas for the two distributions were related to give an indication of the extreme load distributions to be expected from a breaking wave impact.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 27 Mar 1997 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/480341</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>EFFECTS OF NON-GAUSSIAN WAVES TO THE DYNAMIC RESPONSE OF JACK- UP PLATFORMS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/480283</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The paper discusses the nonlinear response effects to jack-up platforms caused by non-Gaussian waves.  The basis for the paper is field and model test observations of wave characteristics and simulation of wave processes and dynamic response applying different wave and wave kinematics models.  Both normal design sea states and extremely steep sea states are investigated.  In the design sea states, effects to the steady state dynamic response are evaluated.  For the steep wave situations, transient response effects - so called ringing response - are focused.  Consequences and implication for design calculations are considered in both cases.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 27 Mar 1997 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/480283</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>EVALUATION OF CAPACITIES OF TEMPLATE-TYPE GULF OF MEXICO PLATFORMS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/480342</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper details results from nonlinear analyses of the ultimate limit state performance characteristics of four Gulf of Mexico platforms subjected to intense loading from hurricane Andrew. These four platforms were located to the east of the track of the hurricane, and were thus in the most intense portion of the storm. The nonlinear analyses are able to replicate details of the observed behaviour of the four structures.  This replication is very dependent on realistic characterization of the performance characteristics of the pile foundations and on accurate information on the "as is" condition of the platforms before the storm.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 27 Mar 1997 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/480342</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>HYDRODYNAMIC LOADS ON A BODY IN STRATIFIED FLUID</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/479832</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In marine hydrodynamics a fluid density is usually assumed to be constant.  However, sea water density varies with depth depending on the temperature, salinity, concentration of suspended particles etc.  In this stratified fluid, there arise internal waves along with surface waves, which causes additional loss of energy and can essentially alter the hydrodynamic loads on a body.  This paper is concerned with the analysis of experimental and theoretical studies of the fluid stratification influence on the hydrodynamic characteristics of a body.  Emphasis is made on the effects related to internal waves.  The given problem is still far from its complete solution.  The known data shows that the loads on a moving body and the interaction of a body with incident wave excitations in a stratified fluid have a more complicated nature than in a homogenous fluid.  Under certain conditions, the fluid stratification can have an essential effect on the hydrodynamic characteristics of a body.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 27 Mar 1997 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/479832</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>LOADS ON INCLINED CYLINDERS DUE TO REGULAR WAVES</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/480073</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The total forces due to regular waves exerted on a circular cylinder of diameter 0.2m inclined to the vertical plane is investigated.  Experiments were conducted in a wave flume with the cylinder inclined along and opposite to the direction of wave propagation.   Results of the variation of dimensionless horizontal force with wave steepness for different relative water depths, d/L have been plotted for six angles of orientation along with the theoretical predictions for a vertical cylinder.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 27 Mar 1997 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/480073</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>ON THE MEASURING SYSTEM OF WAVE, SHIP MOTION AND WAVE LOAD EQUIPPED ON THE BOUSEI-MARU</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/479854</link>
      <description><![CDATA[For strength analysis during ship structural design, estimation of wave load and inertia forces acting on the structure are one of the most important items.  Recent results of the analysis of fatigue damage to many ships show the necessity to improve the estimation of wave loads for fatigue design.  It is recognised that sea state input data will not be as accurate as model experiments, but realistic estimation of wave loads is required under such conditions.  It was considered that the estimation method would be improved through comparison with data measured on a ship at sea.  A measuring system of wave, ship motion and wave load was installed on the research and training vessel BOUSEI-MARU.  This paper describes the system and its design.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 27 Mar 1997 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/479854</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>PC-BASED COMPUTATION FOR SECOND-ORDER WAVE LOADS ON LARGE VOLUME MULTI-COLUMN STRUCTURES</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/480515</link>
      <description><![CDATA[An efficient and reliable PC-based computer program for the computation of second-order sum- and difference-frequency wave excitations and wave drift damping on large volume multi-column structures, such as tension leg platforms, has been developed and its theoretical background and some numerical results are presented. The first-order diffraction and radiation potentials for deep-draft multiple circular cylinders are first obtained in analytic forms.  The second-order potential force is then calculated by the indirect method using an assisting radiation potential.  The second-order force component from the quadratic products of first-order quantities is obtained in closed forms.  A rational approximation method for the cylinder bottom and pontoon contributions is developed based on the asymptotic expression of the second-order potential at large depths. The method is validated through comparison with existing data.  The method is especially powerful when the number of cylinders is large, for which the use of existing panel programs seems infeasible.  The developed first- and second-order programs are an order of magnitude faster and require much less memory space than existing panel programs, and can thus be routinely run on personal computers.  In addition, it is free of grid generation and requires minimum human effort for input preparation and convergence test, and hence is particularly suitable for parametric studies in the preliminary design stage.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 27 Mar 1997 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/480515</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>DESIGN OF JACKET HORIZONTAL FRAMING FOR BUOYANCY INDUCED FATIGUE</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/467307</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The Main Mass Mine Production Platform No 1 (PP1) experienced failure of a conductor guide framing level due to buoyancy-induced fatigue.  The mine is unique because several of the platforms are expected to settle up to 60 feet.  An inaccurate water depth survey contributed to a horizontal level of PP1 being located exactly at the waterline, which was higher than planned.  A replacement horizontal framing level was constructed and installed five feet above the damaged horizontal level and was designed with adequate fatigue life for movement through the waterline.  Detailed deterministic and spectral fatigue analyses were performed along with typical wave analyses.  Consideration was given to platform settlement, cyclic buoyancy, wave slamming, and wave loads on anodes and plated conductor guides.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 04 Nov 1996 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/467307</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>THE STRUCTURAL BEHAVIOUR OF A HUGE PONTOON-TYPE STRUCTURE UNDER DYNAMIC LOADS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/467578</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Huge floating structures such as floating airports are relatively thin in comparison to their plane areas.  Most research carried out on the structural behaviour of such structures under dynamic loads were on structures with footings and not pontoon-type structures which are more fundamental in shape.  The paper summarises Toki's (1979) solution in a more comprehensible form with due correction of minor mistakes.  The formula is applied to a pontoon-type floating structure.  The structure was replaced with an equivalent rectangular flat plate to apply the finite element method.  The modes and natural circular frequencies obtained were compared with those of a beam analysis.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 04 Nov 1996 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/467578</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>WAVE INDUCED STRUCTURAL LOADS IN MONO- AND MULTI-HULLS USING HYDROELASTICITY</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/467566</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper illustrates the application of two- and three- dimensional hydroelasticity theories to a variety of floating or submerged structures which may be stationary or travelling in still water or waves experiencing steady state and/or transient excitation. A selection of examples from past and current applications in mono- hulls (tankers, bulk carriers, frigates, patrol boats and a submerged cylindrical shell) and multi-hulls (SWATHs, catamarans, trimarans) is presented.  The wide range of structures and operating conditions used in the successful applications demonstrate that hydroelasticity theory is, conceptually and practically, an important tool in the analysis of fluid-structure interaction problems.  The validity of this theoretical approach is confirmed by the good agreement obtained between analytical predictions and available experimental and full- scale measurements.  Future developments as well as the application of hydroelasticity as a design tool are discussed.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 04 Nov 1996 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/467566</guid>
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