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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
    <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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      <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
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    <item>
      <title>GENERATION OF PROGRESSIVE FLUID WAVES IN A GEO-CENTRIFUGE</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/486863</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper describes a practical way of generating progressive fluid waves in a wave tank of limited length that may be readily mounted on a geo-centrifuge. The wave tank that was developed features a quasi-flap-type wavemaker, a sediment trench, and a slotted vertical partition that was placed in the wave channel for wave absorption purposes. A comprehensive series of centrifugal wave tests with either water or silicone oil of scaled viscosity showed that, for a slotted-area ratio of 0.3, the reflection coefficient of the slotted partition became as low as 0.13, thereby giving rise to essentially progressive waves. The optimal distance behind the partition to the far end of the wave channel was found to be equal to approximately a quarter wave length of the incident waves. This led to the second stage of experimentation in which fine-grained sand beds were subjected to a range of essentially progressive waves, with viscous scaling introduced.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 12 Jun 1998 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/486863</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>EVALUATION OF THE BEARING CAPACITY OF PAVEMENTS BY SURFACE WAVE PROPAGATION TECHNIQUE</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/576501</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In-situ evaluation of the bearing capacity of pavement materials is of fundamental importance in the design and performance of road and airfield pavements.  Determination of strength of different types of roads, having varying design parameters, through a notional and practical approach is useful for the economic and functional design of highways.  The objectives of this study was to compare the performance of different Central Assessment Committee (CAC) specifications under identical traffic.  This paper describes the details of different CAC and conventional specifications, experimental work, methodology used for analysis of data and the results obtained therefrom.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 17 Dec 1997 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/576501</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>INVESTIGATION ON ACTIVE ISOLATION OF MACHINE FOUNDATIONS BY OPEN TRENCHES. DISCUSSION</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/577565</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A discussion of a paper with the aforementioned title by S. Ahmad, T.M. Al-Hussaini, and K.L. Fishman, published in this journal (Volume 122, Number 6, June 1996), is presented.  The aim of the discussion is to point out some effects that are consequent on the use of open trenches to control amplitudes of ground motion caused by wave propagation.  The discussers agree with the authors that a trench is an effective remedial solution to reduce ground vibration in the area behind the barrier; however, due to scattering and diffraction of the waves generated by the vibration source, a high amplification of strain and stress may occur in the soil in front of the barrier. Consequently, the wave phenomena occurring in this area must also be considered in the design of open trenches as wave barriers for active isolation of machine foundations.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 04 Nov 1997 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/577565</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>SOIL RESPONSE IN CROSS-ANISOTROPIC SEABED DUE TO STANDING WAVES</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/469802</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Geotechnical and coastal engineers involved in the design of foundations for pipelines find the evaluation of wave-induced seabed response useful in their work.  Most theoretical studies, though, only consider isotropic behavior in a porous seabed, even though the behavior of anisotropic soil can be found in the literature.  The author of this paper proposes an analytical solution for the standing wave-induced soil response in a cross-anisotropic seabed.  The wave-induced liquefaction potential is estimated based on the analytical solution presented.  The numerical results suggest that the soil response in a saturated cross-anisotropic seabed of infinite thickness depends on both the wave condition and soil properties.  This result is in disagreement with the conclusion obtained from the conventional isotropic models.  The effects of the anisotropic parameters on the wave-induced liquefaction potential are discussed in detail.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 03 Feb 1997 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/469802</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>INVESTIGATION ON ACTIVE ISOLATION OF MACHINE FOUNDATIONS BY OPEN TRENCHES</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/464388</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Waves generated by a machine foundation can cause ground disturbance that is detrimental to adjacent structures or sensitive equipment operating nearby.  Surface (Rayleigh) waves that propagate in a zone close to ground surface carry most of the vibratory energy that affects structures nearby.  Therefore, for machine foundations vibrating at moderate to high frequencies, the amplitude of ground motion can be reduced significantly by installing a wave barrier around the source.  A three-dimensional boundary element algorithm that employs quadratic elements has been used to conduct an extensive parametric study on the effectiveness of open trenches as wave barriers.  The key geometrical and material parameters that control the performance of an open trench wave barrier have been identified, and a design formula in the form of an algebraic expression has been developed for approximating the vibration screening effectiveness of such barriers.  Comparisons of published field test data and rigorous boundary element solutions have validated the design formula.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sat, 21 Sep 1996 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/464388</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>INTERACTIVE RANS/LAPLACE METHOD FOR NONLINEAR FREE SURFACE FLOWS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/458212</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The authors present a hybrid numerical technique for predicting free surface flows, including nonlinear wave and viscous effects. This zonal technique uses a combination of potential flow method for fully nonlinear free surface waves and a Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) method for turbulent incompressible flow. The potential flow equation is solved in the far field to provide the nonlinear waves created by the body motion.  The RANS method is used in the near field to resolve the turbulent boundary layer and wake flows around the body.  Detailed results are presented for a submerged hydrofoil with and without the presence of free surface waves.  The body boundary layer, the viscous wake, and the nonlinear free surface waves are resolved by successfully applying the coupled RANS and potential flow method.  Clearly, the results illustrate the feasibility of a coupling approach and therefore enables the use of a rather small RANS solution domain for efficient and accurate resolution of free surface flows, including both the viscous and nonlinear wave effects.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 20 Mar 1996 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/458212</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>PREDICTION OF EXTERNAL WAVE PRESSURES ON A RUBBLE MOUND BREAKWATER</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/370346</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The external pressures on the front faces of rubble mound breakwater resulting from wave attack are examined in this paper. This is done through extensive model tests employing regular waves up to 30 cm in height, on a conventionally designed breakwater with front slopes of 1:1.5, 1:2, and 1:3. The measured pressures are examined based on their relationship to a number of different parameters, including wave steepness, wave height, wave period, breakwater front slope, core permeability, and elevation on the breakwater relative to the still water level. The average differential pressure, the maximum recorded differential pressure, the average minimum pressure, and the pressure rise and fall times are investigated, producing a regression equation for each case based on a number of independent variables.  The regression equations demonstrate the great effect of the elevation on the breakwater, and often wave steepness; the much lesser effect attributed to the breakwater front slope; and the minimal effect that the core permeability has on most of the components describing the external pressures measured on a brekwater under wave attack.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 09 Nov 1993 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/370346</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>WAVE DIFFRACTION EFFECTS IN HEAD SEAS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/167401</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A brief outline of the method of solving the diffraction problem is given using slender-body theory and matched asymptotic expansions.  The computed results are compared with full-scale measurements on an ore carrier and a Great Lakes bulk carrier.  The use of an oblique sea Green function in head sea calculations is described in an appendix.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 12 Jun 1981 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/167401</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>EXTENDED APPROACH TO WAVE SCATTERING THROUGH A HARBOR ENTRANCE</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/167240</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The problem of the passage of waves through a gap in an infinite breakwater is analytically solved.  This study provides a simple solution for the general case, where the two arms form between them an angle, a configuration that is met almost on any harbor.  The main parameters of the problem are shown.  The calculation method described is based on the solution of the problem of diffraction of plane waves obliquely incident on a semi-infinite rigid breakwater.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 21 May 1981 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/167240</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>SOME NOTES ON DIRECTIONAL STABILITY AND CONTROL OF SHIPS IN ROUGH SEAS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/159253</link>
      <description><![CDATA[No Abstract.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 21 May 1981 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/159253</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>A NOTE ON THE STEERING OF SHIPS IN FOLLOWING SEAS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/159138</link>
      <description><![CDATA[No Abstract.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 21 May 1981 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/159138</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>THE STABILITY OF A SHIP IN A SIMPLE SINUSOIDAL WAVE</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/161727</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The linear differential equations governing the motion of a ship in a sinusoidal wave disturbance are derived from the principles of rigid body dynamics.  Stability criteria are obtained when the linear differential equations have (a) constant coefficients and (b) periodic time-dependent coefficients that are needed to describe the ship in a following sinusoidal wave.  The frequency of encounter between ship and wave is not necessarily zero.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 15 Apr 1981 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/161727</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>SHIP MANOEUVRABILITY IN STRONG WIND</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/160828</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The conventional method of estimating the upper limit of wind velocity at which a ship is manoeuvrable is by the solution of equilibrium equations of steady ship motion, but the method is not realistic because the steered motion of a ship in wind is unsteady.  In this study, the Authors investigate the manoeuvrability of a ship in wind both by solving non-linear equations of motion numerically (with a digital computer) and by carrying out a steering test with a manoeuvring simulator.  From these investigations, a more realistic upper limit of wind velocity is obtained. By comparing this value with that estimated by equilibrium equations, it is shown that, in the beam and quarter winds that are most difficult in ship manoeuvring, this realistic upper limit of wind velocity is nearly equal to the limit estimated by the equilibrium equations of steady motion for a ship whose rudder angle is kept at 15 deg.  By using this relationship, the upper limit of wind velocity for several ships of different types is shown graphically in the article.  The effects of shallow water, rudder area, waves, uniform current, and fluctuating wind, upon the upper limit of wind velocity, are also discussed.  Order from BSRA as No. 54,224.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 12 Mar 1981 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/160828</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>EFFECT OF A STRUCTURE ON CURRENTS INDUCED BY WAVES AND WIND</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/160907</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The study described was carried out to establish the coupling of the wave and wind induced main current components in local, nontidal waters; secondly, to estimate the changes of the current velocity near the surface due to a fixed obstacle.  It is found that, given some local characteristics, as e.g.  wind speed, fetch length, water depth, the path of a slick patch can be predicted under certain assumptions.  This path and the associated velocities are modified through the diffraction diagrams of a given obstacle to produce the new shape and path of the patch.  Engineering guidelines are given, mainly regarding the orientation of harbor and channel entrances.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 06 Feb 1981 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/160907</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>RELIABILITY CONSIDERATIONS IN OFFSHORE PLATFORM CRITERIA</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/160859</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A fundamental objective of offshore platform design is to configure and construct a structure that will have utility, desirable performance, adequate reliability, and reasonable cost.  This paper examines reliability considerations involved in development of environmental criteria for offshore platforms.  For a given structural criteria, a simple reliability formulation is developed to determine design wave heights or design ground accelerations and their return intervals.  Three examples are developed: design wave heights and return intervals for conventional template-type, deep water platforms in the Gulf of Mexico and Baltimore Canyon, and design wave heights and effective ground accelerations for similar platforms in the Gulf of Alaska. Return interval is found to be a highly sensitive parameter for specifying design environmental conditions.  The use of a range of target Safety Indices is proposed in lieu of return period.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 19 Jan 1981 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/160859</guid>
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