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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
    <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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      <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
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    <item>
      <title>Bayesian best-worst method for cognitive reliability assessment in ballast water treatment systems on oil tankers</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2695315</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Operational safety and compliance with environmental regulations in the maritime sector are vital, particularly for Ballast Water Treatment Systems (BWTS) mandated by the Ballast Water Management (BWM) Convention. However, human errors during the operation of the complex systems significantly compromise their effectiveness and performance reliability. This article presents a robust approach to predict ship’s crew cognitive reliability and error systematically in tanker ship BWTS operations. The proposed approach integrates the Bayesian Best-Worst Method (BBWM), which probabilistically incorporates expert opinions to yield highly consistent CPC common performance condition (CPC) weights, which model the causal dependencies among cognitive performance factors using the weights. While the BBWM is employed to weight the CPC and to enhance the accuracy and robustness of the results, the Cognitive Reliability and Error Analysis Method (CREAM) systematically predict cognitive failure probability of ship crew. The findings show that “Verify BWTS readiness status" is having the highest cognitive failure probability value with 5.24E-02. This article provides practical insights to shipowners, superintendents, HSEQ managers, ship inspectors, Masters and chief engineers to enhance the safe and reliable operation of ballast water treatment systems on tanker ships.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 31 Jul 2026 09:23:48 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2695315</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Verification Infiltration Testing for the Stormwater Management Design for a Light Rail Extension Project in Washington State</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2678229</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Stormwater management was a critical element of the Downtown Redmond Link Extension (DRLE) project. This project exemplified the power of interdisciplinary collaboration, requiring close coordination among civil engineers, hydrogeologists, and construction teams to achieve success. Due to shallow groundwater and flat topography, managing stormwater required a complex network of collection, distribution, and infiltration facilities. The infiltration rate, a critical design parameter, largely controlled the footprint of the infiltration facilities. Ideally, an infiltration test would be conducted at the location of each infiltration facility. However, access restrictions made this impossible during the design phase, and pilot infiltration tests were conducted at 16 readily accessible and agreed-upon locations to assess the field infiltration rates for the design of the various facilities. In this regard, verification infiltration testing for each infiltration facility location was required, after construction, by regulatory and contractual obligations. Individual infiltration tests were performed at each of the 36 facilities. Location-specific target infiltration rates were calculated for each facility based upon the design infiltration rates with safety factors. The results of verification testing were compared to the target rate and used to determine the acceptability of the infiltration facilities as designed and constructed. Of the 36 facilities, only one required a minor redesign to meet the target infiltration rate.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 21 Jul 2026 09:49:16 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2678229</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Maine Smart Chloride System</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2724671</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Winter road maintenance introduces salt into the environment and in some locations the salt runoff pushes stream chloride concentrations to exceed acute and/or chronic water quality standards. A strategy to possibly avoid these water quality violations while continuing to use road salt is to store the road runoff and slowly let it out to receiving waters: the Smart Chloride System. Eleven Maine Department of Transportation (ME DOT) locations were initially investigated to numerically apply this strategy. Three were selected to move forward with field monitoring and numerical modeling. The three sites were: South Berwick Route 236, northbound I95 Visitor Center in Kittery, and South Hampden Route 1A. Monitoring began June 2023 and concluded June 2024. Monitoring results show that winter road runoff routinely exceeds 2000 mg/l chloride concentration. The storage scenarios which slowly release the salty runoff via the orifice control into no to low flows in the streams yield higher concentrations of chloride in the stream due to the increased release of mass of chloride and low flow in the streams. Instead of storing salt-laden runoff, another strategy was to use a source of dilution when the salt runoff occurs. Since the South Berwick and South Hampden sites already meet the criteria, a dilution strategy will be successful at those sites. At the Kittery site, dilution flows of 2,000 to 5,000 gpm would be capable of site runoff meeting criteria. It is recognized that this is a very large flowrate and may not be practical.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 14 Jul 2026 13:34:59 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2724671</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Leveraging Existing Vegetated Roadside Areas for Efficient Stormwater Management</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2726138</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Stormwater runoff from transportation infrastructure presents a persistent challenge for Oregon’s transportation system due to the requirement to treat highway stormwater runoff and protect downstream water quality. Current regulatory requirements compel project teams to demonstrate adequate stormwater treatment and infiltration performance during planning and design. However, limited understanding of how hydrologic data and roadside soil properties influence geochemical treatment capacity often prevents reliable evaluation of whether the natural roadside environment itself can meet objectives, providing an unrealized opportunity for potential savings on unnecessary facility installation and maintenance costs.
OBJECTIVES: The overall objective of this project is to develop and validate an integrated hydrologic-geochemical decision-support tool that enables early-stage screening of existing roadside stormwater infiltration potential and treatment performance. The tool will provide Oregon Department of Transportation (ODOT) with simulation capabilities to predict and quantify surface runoff routing, infiltration capacity, and subsurface geochemical dynamics. The coupled hydrologic-geochemical framework will support quantitative evaluation of whether already existing roadside environments can meet stormwater performance metrics and identify locations where built treatment facilities are actually necessary. 
The project will provide ODOT with quantitative decision-support framework for early-stage screening of roadside stormwater infiltration and treatment feasibility. The framework directly addresses the current uncertainty in determining when existing roadside soils and vegetative cover can meet stormwater performance requirements and when engineered treatment facilities are necessary. By enabling systematic identification of locations where existing soils provide sufficient infiltration and contaminant attenuation, this project may assist with (1) reducing unnecessary engineered stormwater treatment facilities that require construction costs, operational costs and long-term maintenance commitments, and (2) reducing the need to acquire additional ROW to install engineered facilities, minimizing both project delivery and O&M costs. Even if additional ROW may be needed to fit the natural areas for treatment, long-term operation and maintenance costs will likely be reduced.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 08 Jul 2026 17:25:51 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2726138</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Evaluation of NDOT's Construction Stormwater Detention Measures Using Full-Scale Testing Techniques</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2714464</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Sediment is a leading pollutant in waterbodies, contributing to turbidity, pollutant transport, ecological degradation, and reduced flow capacity. Construction activities are major sources of sediment-laden runoff, necessitating regulatory compliance through Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plans. This study developed a full-scale testing methodology simulating Nebraska hydrologic conditions to evaluate the performance of Nebraska Department of Transportation silt traps and sediment traps at the Auburn University Stormwater Research Facility. Results showed that standard installations can be significantly improved through design modifications. For silt traps, pairing with a modified V-shaped, wire-backed silt fence with a central weir achieved the highest sediment retention (95.9%), substantial total suspended solids (TSS) reduction (89.1%), and turbidity reduction (67.7%). A slash mulch berm also performed well but may be limited by material availability. Structural testing of the low porosity silt fence indicated that reduced post spacing and fence height improved durability. For sediment traps, the use of coir baffles and a surface skimmer enhanced flow control, reduced turbulence, lowered downstream TSS and turbidity, and retained sediment (91.1%). Overall, optimized configurations significantly improved sediment capture and downstream water quality, supporting refined design recommendations for effective sediment control practices.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 24 Jun 2026 17:03:20 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2714464</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Ways to Reduce Corrosion and Scale Deposits in Circulating Water of Transport Enterprises</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2671771</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Water is an indispensable resource for sustaining life and supporting various industries worldwide. Ensuring the quantity and quality of water resources is crucial for environmental sustainability and human well-being. In the context of transport enterprises, where water serves essential functions in circulating systems, maintaining water quality becomes paramount. However, these systems are prone to corrosion and scale deposits due to exposure to aggressive environmental factors. This research presents a comprehensive review of methods aimed at reducing corrosion and scale deposits in circulating water within transport enterprises. The review begins by outlining the significance of water quality management in transport enterprises and the detrimental effects of corrosion and scale deposits on system performance. It then examines various strategies employed to address these challenges, including chemical treatments, inhibitors, advanced materials, and design modifications. Each approach is evaluated based on its effectiveness in mitigating corrosion and scale deposits, as well as its feasibility and practical implications for implementation in transport enterprises. Overall, this review provides valuable insights into the diverse strategies available for reducing corrosion and scale deposits in circulating water systems of transport enterprises. By synthesizing existing knowledge and identifying areas for further research, it offers guidance for engineers, researchers, and practitioners seeking to improve water management practices and ensure the long-term sustainability of transport enterprise operations.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 23 Jun 2026 13:50:28 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2671771</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Study on Biodiesel-Bunker Fuel Blends as Marine Pollutants: Blends of Biodiesels with Conventional Marine Bunker Fuels as Marine Pollutants and the Response Measures for Their Accidental Releases</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2677560</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This study was commissioned by the European Maritime Safety Agency (EMSA) under the framework contract EMSA/2024/OP/0023 to address critical knowledge gaps concerning alternative fuels as potential marine pollutants and the effectiveness of response measures in the event of accidental releases. As the maritime sector accelerates its transition towards decarbonisation—driven by the IMO Revised Strategy on the Reduction of GHG Emissions from Ships (2023) and the European Green Deal—the uptake of alternative fuels is increasing, while preparedness and response frameworks remain largely designed for conventional petroleum-based fuels. This study provides clear reassurance that the transition towards biodiesel blends as marine fuels can be supported by existing oil spill response frameworks, without the need for fundamentally new response systems. By optimising current technologies, adapting operational practices, and addressing identified regulatory gaps, authorities and operators can manage accidental releases effectively and proportionately. By integrating scientific evidence, regulatory analysis, stakeholder input, and practical recovery testing, this report delivers a comprehensive and actionable reference for authorities, operators, and responders. It supports informed decision-making at both operational and policy levels and provides a clear pathway for safely managing accidental releases of biodiesel blends while facilitating the maritime sector’s transition towards alternative fuels.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 15 Jun 2026 08:40:51 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2677560</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Improving Stormwater Systems for Debris and Contaminant Capture</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2712206</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Highway runoff carries a complex mix of pollutants, including debris, heavy metals, and nutrients. Oil, grease, and combustion byproducts from vehicles further add to the contaminant load. In addition to these conventional pollutants, scientific advances have highlighted contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) that were not fully recognized when most departments of transportation’s (DOT’s) stormwater programs were first developed.

Unlike conventional pollutants that degrade over time, many of these debris and CECs persist. They clog inlets and ponds, reduce hydraulic conductivity, and increase pollutant loads to downstream waters. For DOTs, this creates two major challenges: rising costs to maintain stormwater assets, and regulatory risk under municipal separate storm sewer system permits if pollutant control cannot be demonstrated.

The objective of this research is to develop a guide for reducing broad pollutants, which include macro-debris, microplastics, and tire wear particles, which have been demonstrated to contain compounds toxic to certain aquatic organisms.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 10 Jun 2026 11:28:41 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2712206</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Wet Pond Modeling for Contaminant Retention and Maintenance</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2704025</link>
      <description><![CDATA[We have found that many ponds are stratified at 0.3m (1ft) depth, often resulting in a bottom region of low dissolved oxygen water and thereby causing the pond to release phosphorus trapped in the bottom sediments back into the water column. It is critical to maintain treatment capacity to reduce pollution to downstream priority waters. This research investigates maintenance approaches to mitigate phosphorus pollution from ponds. The main objectives and tasks of the project are to collect field measurements and perform data analysis to verify a pond model, MinPond, and model pond management methods that can reduce phosphorus export for six ponds. The major conclusions are: an intense street sweeping regime is the most cost-effective means of reducing phosphorus export from a stormwater pond or historic wetland that serves as a stormwater practice by decreasing the load coming from the watershed; chemical treatment of the sediments is another effective means of reducing phosphorus export but only when the phosphorus release from the sediments is substantial; and Bubble aeration that is successful in destratifying the water column can bring oxygen down to the sediments and reduce a high phosphorus release from the sediments.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 29 May 2026 08:54:46 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2704025</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Design of Stormwater BMPs for Surface and Groundwater Protection Based on Site-Scale Soil Properties: Phase II</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2706364</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The objective of this project is to optimize the nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) removal potential of stormwater basins by improving the ability to predict the performance of common native soil properties alone, or with a BAM amendment, and using two planting specifications typically utilized in Florida Department of Transportation (FDOT) maintenance. Phase II will build upon the findings of Design of Stormwater BMPs for Surface and Groundwater Protection Based on Site-Scale Soil Properties: Phase I BDV24-977-43 (hereafter referred to as “Phase I”), which demonstrated the superior performance of unamended native soils with moderate soil organic matter and clay contents in the removal and sequestration of N and P during short-term laboratory experiments. Specifically, the research team will leverage this knowledge in a new experiment with improved external validity through the use of outdoor mesocosms in a multi-year study (e.g., scaling-up in both space and time). Commonly encountered native Florida soils will be prepared and planted per FDOT specification in replicated stock tanks (e.g., ~300-500 gal), with or without a BAM blanket filter, and using at least two FDOT approved vegetative strategies. Inflow and outflow hydrology will be controlled to mimic wet and dry basin hydropatterns and real-time mass balance of nutrient transport/transformation. The plant-soil-microbial interactions will be investigated to determine optimal N and P removal rates under varied hydrology. This new empirical data will improve stormwater BMPs by more accurately assessing the potential of native site soils, planting, and amendment strategies to function in nutrient remediation at the project site scale.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 27 May 2026 10:39:28 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2706364</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Managing Highway Stormwater Quality: Driving Progress</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2706309</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Our roads are both a source of and a conveyance system for pollutants to bodies of water via stormwater runoff. This report focuses on engineering and infrastructure strategies to support state departments of transportation (DOT) decision-making regarding stormwater management approaches to comply with regulations. Administered by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), state permitting authorities identify each water body that does not meet a water quality standard due to pollutants. Updated modeling options that account for different land uses can better enable state DOT decision makers. Acknowledging the difference in pollutants that originate from highways (such as tire and brake wear contaminants) and pollutants that do not but are conveyed to water bodies (such as nutrients and bacteria from adjacent land) may improve source control. The report also identifies areas for collaboration between state DOTs, EPA, and Federal Highway Administration officials along with state environmental authorities. These partnerships could result in improved design, construction, and maintenance procedures and guidance. Participation in alternative watershed-scale approaches for managing highway stormwater may also result in practical and desirable outcomes.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 26 May 2026 13:17:37 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2706309</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Soil Amendment Guidance for Infiltration and Stormwater Treatment</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2696129</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Pollutants from roadway runoff are the leading cause of surface water impairments. Thus, treatment of road runoff by building roadside stormwater best management practices (BMPs) could prevent pollution and turn the road infrastructure into a sustainable water solution. However, limited infiltration in compacted roadside soil poses a significant challenge to designing roadside BMPs. To overcome this challenge, roadside or curbside soil where compaction is required could be mixed with amendments to alleviate the negative impact of compaction and increase infiltration and stormwater treatment. Compaction could decrease the amendment’s particle size if it crumbles under pressure. Furthermore, the amendment amount could vary based on soil hydraulic properties. This study aims to provide selection guidance for amendments and their quantity to achieve stormwater treatment goals in curbside soil where compaction is required for road design. To create a study that is representative of all California soil types, soils were collected within Caltrans Right of Way (ROW) from 8 sites, with two soil sites from each of the four hydrologic soil groups (HSG). The selected physical, geotechnical, and chemical properties of all soils were measured to verify their HSG type. To improve their infiltration capacity, four types of bulking agents were tested: coarse sand, vermiculite, perlite, and expanding shale clay silt aggregate (ESCS).]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 05 May 2026 10:19:54 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2696129</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Nonstructural Approaches to Reduce Sediment and Pollutant Runoff from Transportation Infrastructure in Urbanized Areas</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2666681</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Urban stormwater runoff is a major contributor to water quality impairment in developed areas, transporting sediments, nutrients, heavy metals, and hydrocarbons from impervious surfaces into rivers and coastal waters. This study examined pollutant accumulation on state-maintained roadways in Warwick, Rhode Island, to support the development of an enhanced street sweeping program as a nonstructural stormwater management practice for the Rhode Island Department of Transportation (RIDOT). Street solids and stormwater samples were collected from roadway segments representing diverse land uses, canopy coverage, and traffic volumes across multiple seasons. Physical and chemical analyses revealed substantial spatial and seasonal variability in street solid accumulation, ranging from 1,200 to over 9,300 lb/curb-mile. Heavy metals were concentrated along high-traffic commercial and industrial corridors, while nutrients were more prevalent on residential streets with dense tree canopy. Fine particles, which carry a disproportionate share of metals, were most readily mobilized during storm events. To translate these findings into actionable strategies, a GIS-based Road Prioritization Model (RPM) was developed to rank roadway segments by sweeping priority using weighted factors such as land use, canopy coverage, and traffic volume. Seasonal configurations demonstrated that targeted sweeping combined with rain forecasting can improve pollutant removal efficiency. This framework provides RIDOT with a data-driven approach to optimize sweeping operations and enhance water quality protection.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 04 May 2026 11:19:07 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2666681</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Design and optimization of an autonomous catamaran for water surface cleaning</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2664147</link>
      <description><![CDATA[An autonomous catamaran is designed, optimized, and implemented. Its structural parameters are optimized to achieve a cost-effective operating and a lightweight and safe structure. An optimization technique based on the genetic algorithm method and finite element simulation are employed. Besides, computational fluid dynamics is utilized to determine the hydromechanics characteristics of the catamaran. Lastly, the response to random vibrations is investigated. Due to industrialization in recent years, environmental degradation has become one of the main issues for the world. Regulations are the only protection mechanism against this issue, but they are not enough yet. In addition, present water surface cleaning techniques are far from autonomy and low energy consumption. The proposed design has lightweight structure with lower energy consumption, making it suitable for autonomous operations. By integrating computational fluid dynamics simulation, genetic algorithms, random vibration analysis, and structural optimization, this study presents a novel approach that improves energy efficiency and operational stability, addressing gaps in existing autonomous water-cleaning technologies. The findings indicate that the catamaran operates safely for lifting 350.75 N. It holds potential for various applications, including marine, area near moored ferries, and trading ports with high human population and pollution levels.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 28 Apr 2026 17:06:30 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2664147</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Characterization Of Sediment Loads and Size Distribution in Nebraska Roadway Runoff</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2686245</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The Nebraska Department of Transportation (NDOT) must manage sediment, and pollutant loads from roadway runoff to meet stormwater regulations. The SAFL Baffle, a hydrodynamic separator used by NDOT, depends on reliable estimates of total suspended solids (TSS) and particle size distribution (PSD). However, limited data exists for Nebraska roadways. In this study stormwater runoff was monitored at four NDOT-maintained sites, two in Lincoln and two in Beatrice, over 1.5 years to characterize TSS and PSD and to evaluate SAFL Baffle performance using the SHSAM model. Results showed large variability across sites and seasons. Median TSS ranged from 158 to 580 mg/L, and median particle size (d50) from 16 to 322 μm. Finer particles dominated at most sites, likely due to runoff from gravel or exposed soils off the roadway and especially outside of the NDOT right of way. Higher TSS in spring was observed and reflected low vegetation cover and winter sediment buildup. SHSAM modeling showed that the SAFL Baffle alone may not achieve 80 percent TSS removal, as it is less effective for fine particles. However, if off-site sediment loads are credited toward compliance, performance goals could be met. The study highlights the need for local sediment data and for accounting for off-site sources in NDOT stormwater design.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 09 Apr 2026 11:37:55 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2686245</guid>
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