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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <atom:link href="https://trid.trb.org/Record/RSS?s=PHNlYXJjaD48cGFyYW1zPjxwYXJhbSBuYW1lPSJkYXRlaW4iIHZhbHVlPSJhbGwiIC8+PHBhcmFtIG5hbWU9InN1YmplY3Rsb2dpYyIgdmFsdWU9Im9yIiAvPjxwYXJhbSBuYW1lPSJ0ZXJtc2xvZ2ljIiB2YWx1ZT0ib3IiIC8+PHBhcmFtIG5hbWU9ImxvY2F0aW9uIiB2YWx1ZT0iMCIgLz48L3BhcmFtcz48ZmlsdGVycz48ZmlsdGVyIGZpZWxkPSJpbmRleHRlcm1zIiB2YWx1ZT0iJnF1b3Q7V2F0ZXIgcHVtcHMmcXVvdDsiIG9yaWdpbmFsX3ZhbHVlPSImcXVvdDtXYXRlciBwdW1wcyZxdW90OyIgLz48L2ZpbHRlcnM+PHJhbmdlcyAvPjxzb3J0cz48c29ydCBmaWVsZD0icHVibGlzaGVkIiBvcmRlcj0iZGVzYyIgLz48L3NvcnRzPjxwZXJzaXN0cz48cGVyc2lzdCBuYW1lPSJyYW5nZXR5cGUiIHZhbHVlPSJwdWJsaXNoZWRkYXRlIiAvPjwvcGVyc2lzdHM+PC9zZWFyY2g+" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml" />
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    <language>en-us</language>
    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
    <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
    <image>
      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
      <url>https://trid.trb.org/Images/PageHeader-wTitle.jpg</url>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
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    <item>
      <title>A Decision-Making Framework for Field Manufacturability of Vehicle Parts in Expeditionary Environments</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2691979</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Expeditionary environments (such as remote exploration missions, forward military operations, and disaster response zones) demand adaptive manufacturing solutions to support vehicle sustainment in the absence of traditional supply chains. This work introduces a conceptual mathematical framework for modeling the constraints and tradeoffs inherent to expeditionary manufacturing, with a focus on vehicle repair and spare parts fabrication using low-energy and simple automated systems including desktop-scale 3D printers and CNC machines. The model integrates key variables such as energy availability, material transport cost, fabrication time, and environmental limitations to support rapid decision-making on part manufacturability and in-field feasibility. A case study involving the on-demand production of some common wear and failure parts on a vehicle, including suspension components and the water pump, is used to demonstrate how this framework can guide the selection of suitable manufacturing technologies, part redesign or repair for field printing. This modeling approach highlights how predictive modeling can optimize both component geometry and process parameters to meet requirements while minimizing energy expenditure and logistics overhead. This work informs future efforts in resilient vehicle system design by embedding manufacturability considerations into the early stages of development, particularly for platforms intended for deployment in expeditionary environments. It offers practical guidance to designers, logisticians, and mission planners seeking to integrate field-capable manufacturing into vehicle lifecycle support.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 14 Apr 2026 15:11:22 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2691979</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Model-Based Design and Numerical Analysis of a Downsized Centrifugal Pump for Engine Cooling Applications</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2623924</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The water pump is the crucial component of the engine cooling system. It is usually designed considering as rated conditions the ones evaluated when the engine delivers its maximum power. This results in an overdesign of the pump, considering that almost never the engine delivers the maximum power, in usual operation. At these conditions, in fact, flow rate and pressure delivered reach the maximum values, which are not needed to cool the engine in most probable operating conditions. In fact, considering the real operating conditions during a typical driving mission or a homologation cycle, the mechanical power is far away from the maximum datum, as well as the cooling flow rate and pressure delivered by the pump. To a so unbalanced design for the pump corresponds a low efficiency of it, being the technology oriented to use a centrifugal type, whose efficiency is quite dependent on speed of revolution and flow rate delivered. Hence, modifying the design point of the pump causes a mechanical energy saving, improving the organic efficiency and reducing the efficiency penalization when it operates, as it happens always, at off design conditions.In this work, a model-based procedure to design a centrifugal pump in a more suitable engine working point from the point of view of the energy absorbed is considered. The procedure starts with an estimation of the engine thermal needs in different working conditions and on a driving cycle. Hence, a flow rate is targeted, and a pressure drop of the cooling circuit estimated, to have the specifics of the pump design. The model is able to evaluate all the hydraulic losses of the pump in its impeller and volute. The geometry generated has been refined and finally investigated through numerical CFD analysis. Subsequently, the turbulent flow field of the pump was analyzed in terms of static pressure, velocity, and kinetic energy distribution. The pump head and flow rate delivered were simulated using CFD techniques and compared with experimental results, assessing also the efficiency of the pump and the loss distribution. Finally, the pump performance has been evaluated along a driving cycle, to assess the energy absorbed during a real operating condition.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 13 Nov 2025 16:12:51 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2623924</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Development of Test Methodology for Accelerated Fatigue Testing of Engine Pulley Bolt</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2623976</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Engine is the prime mover of an automobile. Tractor is also equipped with engine of higher capacity to meet the power requirement. Apart from powering the wheels, engine also runs different accessories such as water pump, alternator, AC pump, Oil pump and so on. The power from the engine is transferred to accessories via chain drive or belt drive through the crankshaft pulley. During field testing, in one of the tractors, engine pulley mounting bolt failure was reported. The failure resulted in immediate seizure of the engine making the tractor standstill in the field. The root cause of the failure was unknown. Hence, there was a need to develop a component or subsystem level test methodology to address the issue quickly. In the current scope, an attempt was made to develop a subsystem level laboratory test methodology to simulate the failure mode and to validate the design modifications in an accelerated manner. The failure mode was simulated in lab and different design iterations were also tested. On successful completion of testing and implementation of the improved design, this newly developed test methodology was added as a DVP requirement to all future projects.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 13 Nov 2025 16:07:15 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2623976</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Experimental study on cold start strategy of high-power fuel cell system</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2573101</link>
      <description><![CDATA[With the gradual popularisation of clean energy, proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) have received widespread attention as a good way to apply hydrogen energy. Freezing during start-up of fuel cells in low-temperature environment can cause a series of problems, such as clogging of porous electrodes, obstruction of reactant gas transport, etc. leading to the failure of fuel cell start. Therefore, it is of great research significance to improve the stability and speed of cold start of proton PEMFC without heat source assistance. However, at present, most experimental research on cold start of fuel cells is focused on single cell or low-power stack. In this study, the authors will conduct start experiments at -5°C~-25°C based on a 130 kW fuel cell power system. The results showed that with the current loading slope 3A/s, the cooling water pump speed 3,000 rpm, the minimum time for automatic purging 50 s, the maximum time for purging 500 s, the impedance real part threshold for purging 750 mΩ, and a manual purge of the air and hydrogen circuits performed before starting, the system used in the study can successfully start at -25°C and then run to a stable operating point.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 29 Aug 2025 16:55:32 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2573101</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Noise Analysis and Optimization of Thermal Management Integrated Module</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2552197</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Thermal Management Integration Module (TMIM), which comprises components such as water pumps, runner boards, brackets, sensors, etc., is a multifunctional integrated component for electric vehicles. However, the water pump generates an excitation over a wide range of frequencies due to a wide range of speed variations. This excitation causes the TMIM to vibrate and generate noise. In this study, a TMIM that generates noise is studied and analyzed. Using the TMIM of an electric vehicle as a case study, a full-vehicle experimental test was conducted, revealing that the noise originates from the integration module. The finite element method is used to analyze the cause of noise generation. Given the characteristics of the TMIM, which comprise many components, high integration, and a complex structure, this paper simplifies the bracket, heat exchanger, sensor, and other components using the centralized mass point method. The modal state of the TMIM is obtained by impact hammer testing the TMIM and then compared with the modal state calculated by the finite element method to verify the feasibility of the finite element method. An optimization scheme was developed based on the results of the analysis. Finally, the optimized TMIM was tested. The results show that the proposed method can reduce the computational cost and meet the computational accuracy requirements. The method is effective in predicting noise sources, solving noise-related issues, shortening the design cycle, and reducing the cost of real-vehicle testing.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 13 May 2025 10:11:06 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2552197</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Temperature Control of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Thermal Management System Based on Fuzzy PID</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2539165</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) is widely used in transportation and high-efficiency energy systems for their high power density and rapid start-up capability. The temperature control of its thermal management system is characterized by slow response and system oscillation, and the temperature control process suffers from problems such as large temperature fluctuations and slow temperature rise during cold starts. To effectively control the fuel cell thermal management system, this paper proposes a fuzzy PID-based control strategy to optimize the temperature control of the stack by comprehensively controlling the cooling fan, thermostat, temperature control valve, and heat components. By modeling the 60kW PEMFC thermal management system on the MATLAB/Simulink platform, the flow distribution and heat exchange of each component are analyzed and the optimized fuzzy control strategy is compared with the traditional PID control strategy. The simulation results show that the control strategy can effectively decouple the cooling fan and circulating water pump and achieve accurate temperature control under different working conditions.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 15 Apr 2025 13:56:47 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2539165</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Research on Engine Thermal Management System Modeling and the Control
          Strategies of an Extended-Range Hybrid Electric Vehicle</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2505913</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A mathematical model of the thermal management system (TMS) for an extended-range                     hybrid electric vehicle is developed. The variation in engine coolant                     temperature is examined under different water pump and fan control strategies,                     and its subsequent impact on engine TMS energy consumption is analyzed. Based on                     the simulation results of energy consumption under various control parameters,                     machine learning regression models are constructed, and four different                     regression algorithms are applied. By incorporating temperature-based                     optimization into the water pump and fan control strategy, system energy                     consumption can be effectively reduced. The machine learning regression results                     indicate that the mathematical model of TMS cannot be simply regarded as a                     linear model. ANN and SVM regression show high degree of agreement with the                     mathematical model. This study provides a theoretical foundation for the                     development of data-driven tool for optimizing real-time TMS control                     strategies.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 06 Feb 2025 15:48:50 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2505913</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Impact on FEAD Dynamic Performance of Mild Hybrid Engine with Increase in Engine Torque</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2474992</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Front End Accessory Drive (FEAD) systems are used in automobiles to transfer power from the engine-to-engine accessory components such as the alternator, water pump, etc. using a Belt and Tensioner. The emergence of Mild hybrid technologies has led to the replacement of alternator with Belt-driven Integrated Starter-generator (B-ISG). In conventional configuration of FEAD, the power transfer is in single direction but in mild hybrid engine power transfer is bidirectional: tight and slack side of the Belt changes as per Torque assist or Regeneration mode. The presence of an integrated starter-generator (ISG) in a belt transmission places excessive strain on the FEAD System and necessitates checking the dynamic performance of FEAD System thoroughly.Study of Increase in Engine Torque in existing Vehicle was done to understand its effect on various system. This vehicle is Mild Hybrid and consists of Belt-driven Integrated Starter generator system. Increase in Engine torque lead to increase in rotational fluctuation which directly impacts the FEAD System parameters such Belt slip, Belt Tension, etc. This paper presents the impact of increase in Engine Torque on dynamic performance of FEAD system through System performance test on Vehicle. System Performance test measures various parameters of Vehicle and FEAD System during different test patterns which are worst conditions for FEAD. These different Test patterns were identified based on ISG Modes (Assist, Generation and Regeneration) and various parameters such as Rotational fluctuation, ISG Torque, Battery SOC, etc. System performance Test result shows the Belt slip, Belt Tension and Tensioner behavior during ISG Modes (Assist, Generation & Regeneration). Measurement results were compared and analyzed, and it was judged that current FEAD design of the drive system meets the requirements of Engine with increased torque. Influence of increase in damping of Hydraulic Tensioner on FEAD performance parameter was also demonstrated. Approach followed for design verification in this paper have practical engineering significance for design and development of the FEAD System.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 13 Dec 2024 11:51:47 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2474992</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Investigation of Automotive IC Engine Water Pump Housing Failure and Resolution through Experimental Modal Analysis and Study of Vibration Characteristics of the System</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2474926</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Cooling system for an IC engine, consisting of the Water pump (WP), Radiator and Fan, plays an important role in maintaining thermal efficiency of the engine and protects the engine from overheating. Based on the vehicle application requirement, Fan will be mounted directly either on Crankshaft or WP pulley. But wherever increase in Fan speed ratio are in demand, it is preferred to mount the Fan on WP pulley. So it important to understand the WP housing structural strength with respect to vibration loads contributed from Radiator Fan assembly. This paper presents investigation of Failure of WP Housing during engine validation at engine test bed with Electronic Viscous Fan, based on the different operating conditions of the engine and fan as per the validation cycle. While the accessories are loading and the corresponding stresses are high when the fan is engaged. But in the current case, the failure of WP housing happened only during Fan clutch disengaged condition. Experimental Frequency Response Function (FRF) were carried out to identify the mode shapes and resonant frequencies. Vibration on WP housing were compared with Fan engaged and disengaged condition to identify the critical frequency ranges that minimize vibrational impacts on the WP housing. The results indicate a significant correlation between Fan Blade Pass Frequency (FBPF) and vibrational amplitude on WP housing. By optimizing FBPF, it is successfully mitigated high vibration levels, thereby enhancing the structural integrity and operational reliability of the WP housing. In addition, the results of crack initiation points, strain gauge measurements, structural and modal analyses are examined to enhance the WP housing strength.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 13 Dec 2024 11:51:46 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2474926</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Thermal Management Development for a Dedicated Hybrid Engine</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2367585</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The high-efficiency dedicated hybrid engine (DHE) has led to increasingly complex challenges in engine thermal management. On one hand, the high compression ratio of up to 16:1 makes the engine more susceptible to knocking, necessitating meticulous thermal management to mitigate the potential sensitivity to metal temperature. On the other hand, extensive use of external cooled exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) helps reduce knocking and improve thermal efficiency, but it also raises temperature levels and requires additional cooling measures.For the 1.5L DHE developed by SAIC Motor, a split cooling structure was employed in the engine cooling system design, with the cylinder head water jacket and cylinder block water jacket arranged in parallel and equipped with different coolant outlets. By utilizing a dual thermostat to control flow, this design allows for adjustable flow distribution, providing effective cooling to the cylinder head while reducing cooling to the cylinder block. The block thermostat can close the flow of the block water jacket before the water temperature reaches the opening temperature, enabling quick warming of the cylinder block.Furthermore, an electric water pump was employed as an ideal solution for the DHE, eliminating the need for a front-end drive system. This helps reduce parasitic losses due to accessories and improve overall efficiency. As the primary driving source for coolant in the entire cooling system, the electronic water pump plays a crucial role in the overall thermal management system. Specialized control strategies and software have been developed to optimize its performance.This paper presents the development of thermal management, including cooling system design and simulations, as well as test development. It also elaborates on the control strategy development for the electric water pump, which meets the requirements of the engine and vehicle under various environmental and operating conditions.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 16 Apr 2024 09:52:53 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2367585</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Humidity Controlled Evaporative Cooler for Cooling of Automotive Cabin</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2367452</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The discussed invention is centered on the evaporative cooling of a vehicle cabin, introducing a novel concept of humidity control. Unlike conventional Air Conditioning (AC) systems that operate on the Vapor Compression Refrigeration Cycle (VCRC), which tend to be costly and contribute to higher fuel consumption due to the engine-driven compressor in automobiles, there is currently no other Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) fitted cabin cooling option available to address this issue. This paper introduces the idea of a humidity-controlled evaporative cooler. The objective of humidity control is achieved through a controller unit that receives feedback from a humidity sensor, subsequently regulating the operation of the water pump. The ambient air is passed through a humidified honeycomb pad, cooling through the principle of evaporation. To prevent any leftover water droplets from entering the cabin, a polyester nonwoven filter has been integrated into the system. This invention not only makes the system robust, easy to install, and simple to maintain but also effectively controls the cabin's humidity level, providing comfort to the occupant. The prototype of the proposed concept is currently undergoing testing on a vehicle, and preliminary results show a temperature drop of 7.5°C concerning the ambient temperature without the use of any refrigerant that could harm the environment. In conclusion, it can be deduced that the proposed invention is more efficient in terms of cost, power consumption, space utilization, and provides superior cooling capabilities.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 16 Apr 2024 09:52:52 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2367452</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Validation of Methods for Rapid Design and Performance Prediction of Water Pumps</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1790741</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Tools for the design and evaluation of engine water pumps have been developed. These tools range from textbook calculations to 3-dimensional computational fluid dynamics methods. The choice of the tools or the combination of tools used is usually dependent upon production timelines, rather than technical merit. Therefore, the strengths and weaknesses of each of the tools must be understood, and each tool must be validated for its specific purpose, then used appropriately to aid in the design or development of a water pump suitable for production. This study was carried out to evaluate three approaches: a proprietary Ricardo approach based on 1-dimensional analysis and correlations, a 3-dimensional computational fluid dynamics approach, and a conventional prototype manufacture and test iteration approach. The analytical results were correlated to experimentally obtained pressure rise, mass flow rate, and impeller speed data. The methods are compared in terms of their technical accuracy and their abilities to assist in water pump design and development programs.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 20 Dec 2023 16:58:04 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1790741</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Investigation of Solenoid-Controlled Piston Cooling Jet Benefits for a 1.5l, 3 Cylinder Tcic Diesel Engine</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2155685</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The fuel economy of the internal combustion engine becomes progressively critical, especially with the stringent standards set by the government. To meet the government norms such as CAFE (Corporate Fuel Average Economy), different technologies are being explored and implemented in internal combustion engines. Several technologies such as variable oil pump, map controlled PCJ (Piston Cooling Jet), variable or switchable water pump & ball bearing turbocharger etc. This study investigates the effectiveness of implementing map-controlled PCJ implemented for a 1.5-litre 3-cylinder diesel engine.PCJ’s are major consumers of oil flow and map-controlled PCJ is used by many OEM’s e.g., Ford EcoSport to reduce the oil pump flow. In map-controlled PCJ, the oil to the PCJ is controlled using a solenoid valve. The solenoid valve can be completely variable or ON/OFF type. In our application, the ON/OFF type solenoid value is used to regulate the oil flow to PCJ. Conventionally, the oil to the PCJ is supplied at all operating conditions of the engine, even when the piston temperature is within the material acceptable limit. This adds to the parasitic loss of the internal combustion engine, due to the high friction power consumed by the oil pump to meet the oil flow rate requirement. Using the solenoid-controlled PCJ along with Variable Displacement Oil Pump (VDOP), the flow to the PCJ can be shut down at certain operating conditions such as high speed, and low load conditions. Using the VDOP, the total oil flow rate can be reduced whenever there is no flow to the PCJ, this will help to reduce engine friction load & improve the overall fuel economy.The objective of the paper is to show the systemic approach, design modifications & challenges involved in the implementation of the map controlled PCJ. The final engine with the map-controlled PCJ along with VDOP is evaluated in the NEDC (New European Driving Cycle) drive cycle to understand the benefits & an overall fuel economy of 1 – 2 % was observed. Results are discussed in detail, which have enabled to take required decision on implementation of Map Controlled PCJ in the specific engine application.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 19 Apr 2023 16:34:18 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2155685</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Increased Reliability and Usability through the Introduction of a User Interface Module for Hand-Held Small Engines</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2104307</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Mobile hand-held or back-carried small engines must be weight-optimized due to their operability. At the same time there is enormous cost pressure within this market segment. Therefore, not all comfort and additional functions to increase user-friendliness can be adopted from the stationary applications. These include, for example, electric starting devices or additional sensors and actuators that take over advanced control processes to prevent or detect and report user or system errors.In the mobile small engine segment, this situation leads to the problem that the systems have many requirements for the user. These include, for example: If the knowledge about the behavior of engines is not given, or failures are overlooked, this automatically leads to a form of physical strain on the user due to the many unsuccessful start attempts, which can lead to further subsequent errors.In the home and hobby segment this leads to a certain frustration and customer dissatisfaction, so that every engine or equipment manufacturer and ignition system supplier pays special attention to and optimizes the starting and running behavior of the application during product development.In the area of critical applications there are tougher requirements for the reliability and operability, where the above-mentioned conditions can lead to catastrophic consequences with injuries, personal or environmental damage.This article describes a possibility to extend a mobile, back-carried 2-stroke engine, which is used as a wildfire water pump by fire brigades (Figure 1) with an additional user interface to minimize the demands on the user and to ensure immediate feedback in case of a failure, so that measures can be initiated as quickly as possible without the need for extensive troubleshooting.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 23 Jan 2023 16:23:15 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2104307</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Model Based Design, Prototyping and Testing of a Small Size High Speed Electrically Driven Centrifugal Pump</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1998917</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Within automotive sector, there are several high-performance applications, like, for instance, those referred to racing and motorsport, where cooling needs are usually fulfilled by simple circuits with conventional low-efficiency pumps. The cooling needs in these applications are represented by low flow rates delivered (in the range of 10 - 50 L/min). The operating conditions of these small pumps are usually characterized by very high revolution speeds, which intrinsically cause low efficiency and critical intake phenomena (cavitation) if the design is not specifically optimized to address these concerns.Hence, in this paper a small-size pump operating in the racing sector has been designed using a model-based approach, built and tested having reached both high efficiency (aimed to 50%) and absence of intake operational problems (cavitation). Starting from the specific cooling request (design flow rate equal to 14.0 L/min and pressure rise equal to 2.5 bar), the very limited space available on board oriented the design to an operational revolution speed of 12000 RPM. The interest of this study was to introduce a so high revolution speed in more conventional automotive cooling pumps electrically assisted, keeping high efficiency. In fact, the strong reduction of the size of the pump allows an easy and correct positioning on board.The model-based design was done by a two-steps procedure. The first made use of a 0D model which, catching main physical phenomena of the flow even in simplified form, leads to an optimum geometrical design for the impeller and the volute. A final refinement has been done with a CFD code predicting the off-design performance and limiting cavitation zones. Cavitation, which is one of the most critical issues of high-speed pumps, was completely investigated through a CFD numerical analysis.The pump has been prototyped and tested on a dynamic test bench for pumps, which reproduces homologation cycles and real driving. A good agreement has been reached between theoretical and experimental results, being the mean relative error on pressure rise for all operating point close to 4 %. This model-based procedure opens the way to support the development of electric water pumps for more conventional applications (automotive, light duty engines) in which a redesign will be focused to manage the thermal state of the engine and reduce the energy absorbed during the homologation cycle.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 26 Jul 2022 14:13:34 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1998917</guid>
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