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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <atom:link href="https://trid.trb.org/Record/RSS?s=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" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml" />
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    <language>en-us</language>
    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
    <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
    <image>
      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
      <url>https://trid.trb.org/Images/PageHeader-wTitle.jpg</url>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
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    <item>
      <title>Study on water stability of hot in-place recycled asphalt mixture under temperature-pressure coupling</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2672275</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Water damage is a key factor limiting the service life of asphalt pavements, particularly hot in-place recycled (HIR) mixtures with high reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) content. Existing water stability evaluation methods fail to accurately simulate the temperature-dynamic water pressure coupled environment experienced in real pavements. To address this, this study employed a self-developed temperature-pressure coupled tester to systematically assess the water stability of HIR mixtures (90 % RAP, 10 % new aggregates). Comparing with traditional tests, the influences of key parameters (temperature, pressure, time, void content) were comprehensively examined alongside a significance analysis of influencing factors. Results show residual Marshall stability (MS₀) and tensile strength ratio (TSR) from traditional tests both exceed 95 %, failing to reveal substantial degradation under severe service conditions. In contrast, under coupled conditions (60 ℃, 0.8 MPa), these indices plummet to 58.48 % and 54.00 %, respectively, demonstrating a synergistic deterioration effect. The significance analysis ranks the influencing factors as follows: void content > dynamic water pressure > exposure time > temperature. A critical void content of 7–8 % was identified; beyond this threshold, water damage resistance declines sharply. Additionally, increased pressure and prolonged exposure significantly increase performance test result discreteness. This study provides a novel approach for objective evaluation of recycled asphalt mixtures’ water stability under actual service conditions.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 14 May 2026 14:00:47 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2672275</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>An automatic identification model of internal solitary waves from mooring observations based on energetic characteristics and its application</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2661521</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Internal solitary waves (ISWs) are prominent sub-mesoscale ocean phenomena, carrying substantial transient energy that poses significant threats to marine engineering structures. Despite extensive ISW detection research, most relied on remote sensing, limiting the applicability in marine engineering. This paper introduces an automatic ISW identification model based on mooring observations and ISW energetic characteristics suitable for early warning systems in marine engineering. Employing an energy hotspot labeling (EHL) algorithm, the model identifies hotspots in the energy density field to identify various modes of single waves and wave packets. By incorporating both flow and temperature-density profile data, through comparative validation, it is confirmed that this model surpasses current single-field identification models and fully captures essential basic and energetic parameters for ISW early warning systems. Sensitivity tests were conducted to further refine the optimal grid energy thresholds, achieving an accuracy of 93.0% and a missed detection rate of 4.3%,especially effective for high-amplitude ISWs. Statistical analysis of identified ISWs aligns with previous regional studies, validating the model's reliability. The model not only predicts basic ISW characteristics, such as the onset, duration, and amplitude, but also provides essential flow field, thermocline, and energy characteristics at operational depths, enhancing marine engineering safety.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 27 Apr 2026 14:57:35 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2661521</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Hydraulic Burst Experiments and Pressure Calculations Analysis for PVC-UH Pipes of Common Diameters</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2646892</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The high-performance unplasticized polyvinyl chloride (PVC-UH) pipeline is widely used in municipal water transport, and concerns about its structural safety are growing. To accurately calculate the burst pressure of the pipe, the bursting tests were conducted on five types of small and medium diameter pipes. A comparative analysis of the applicability and accuracy of commonly used burst pressure calculation methods, which use two different PVC-UH material parameters for the calculation. The results show that, due to material properties, formulas for calculating the burst pressure of metal pipes are not fully applicable to PVC-UH pipes. When the nominal yield strength of the PVC-UH material is used as a calculation parameter, most of the calculation methods yield results that are more congruent with the experimental values. Appropriate methods to calculate burst pressure include the twin shear stress yield (TSSY) criterion, modified Nadai, Bailey-Nadai, Welling-Uebing, API, Turner, Bailey, ASME, Barlow series, DNV series, Fletcher, maximum stress criterion, and maximum shear stress criterion. Conversely, utilizing the true tensile strength of PVC-UH as a failure pressure calculation parameter generally results in larger calculated results, with excessive pressures assessed and larger errors, except for the Tresca criterion, average shear stress (ASSY) criterion, Marin-2, Marin-Rimrot, Svenson, and Bohm method. The plastic deformation criterion is generally used to predict the failure of PVC-UH pipes with high accuracy, and a 0.4% residual strain failure criterion is proposed. According to the experiment data and plastic deformation criterion, pipe failure occurs when the hoop strain of the PVC-UH pipe wall reaches 1.7%. Subsequently, a simple bursting pressure formula based on the plastic deformation failure characteristics and elastic mechanics theory is proposed, and the formula calculated value has a good agreement with the test value. These findings can provide technical support and theoretical basis for accurately calculating the burst pressure of PVC-UH pipe.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 22 Apr 2026 16:15:28 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2646892</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>The effects of hydroelasticity on stringer-stiffened composite panels in water impacts: An experimental study</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2637935</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The outer hull panels of high-performance marine craft are susceptible to failure due to water impacts, which produce a high-magnitude, localised, and propagating out-of-plane pressure load. However, there is a lack of understanding regarding the structural response of water-impacting high-performance hull panels, especially for the stringer-stiffened configurations increasingly found in ocean-racing yachts. This can be attributed to the stochastic nature of in-service impacts, the costs of the experimental testing, and the complications of employing complex numerical simulations during the design process. Additionally, structural deformation of a hull panel modifies the displaced flow field, resulting in the coupling of the fluid and structural responses known as hydroelasticity. Current design standards are based on the application of a static uniform pressure load, leading to a disconnect between real-world and as-designed performance which may result in unsafe and failure-prone structures. This work investigates the structural response and failure mechanisms of Stringer-Stiffened Composite Panels (SSCP) in constant velocity water impacts using experimental methods. Results indicate that SSCPs are highly sensitive to the localised pressures caused by water impacts. Strain responses of the various regions of the SSCP are sequential, independent, and display evidence of significant membrane mechanisms and hydroelasticity. This results in a reduction in magnitude and delay in the timing of the panel’s strain response with increasing impact velocities compared to non-hydroelastic expectations. Finally, failure of the panel was induced by prominent hydroelastic behaviour along the bottom edges of the stringer web due to large differences in through-thickness stiffness between the skin and the stringer.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 10 Mar 2026 09:55:43 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2637935</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>The influence of tunnel floor heave induced by high water pressure on the mechanical response of ballastless track</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2643939</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Tunnels in complex geological and high water pressure environments are prone to diseases such as tunnel floor heave (TFH), which seriously affects the operation and safety of high-speed railways. Water is a key contributing factor to TFH. By applying radial loads and constraint conditions to the tunnel base, the confining pressure effect caused by high water pressure and water-induced mudstone swelling on the tunnel base is simulated, and a tunnel base structure-load model is established. Furthermore, a refined finite element simulation analysis model considering the cohesive zone model and concrete damage plastic is developed to study the influences of different confining pressures, confining pressure ranges, and inverted arch thicknesses on the deformation, interlayer bonding, and interlayer gap of the track structure. The calculation results indicate that the maximum vertical deformation of the rail is positively correlated with the confining pressure and negatively correlated with the inverted arch thickness. The deformation range is closely related to the confining pressure range. The deformation reaches a maximum of 57.8 mm when the confining pressure is 2.0 MPa, the confining pressure range is 30 m, and the inverted arch thickness is 0.4 m. Bonding damage between the track slab and the backfill layer occurs at the boundary between the confining pressure zone and the non-confining pressure zone. The significant influence of insufficient inverted arch thickness on bond damage is not linear, the maximum bonding damage area increases from 45.5 m2 at a thickness of 0.78 m to 75.8 m2 at 0.5 m. The gaps between the backfill layer and the inverted arch are unevenly distributed laterally along the track, with the interlayer gaps curve transitioning from a “trapezoidal” shape on the outer rail side to an “M” shape on the inner rail side. The research results play an important role in the design and maintenance of ballastless tracks in tunnels under the action of TFH.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 04 Mar 2026 09:16:08 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2643939</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Deformation and failure mechanism of tunnel segments induced by asymmetric hydraulic loads</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2626181</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Improper thrust design and uncertainty regarding pressure-bearing capacity can cause severe problems in shield tunnel segments. Although various methods have investigated the structural behaviour of the segmental ring, there is a lack of clarity regarding the mechanism and assessment criteria for the hydraulic jacking of curved tunnels under loading-–unloading–reloading conditions. This study employed experimental tests and numerical simulations to investigate the deformation and crack mechanisms of curved tunnels subjected to asymmetric hydraulic loads. For in-depth analysis, a series of model tests were performed to simulate asymmetric loads on the key segment and to reveal the adverse effects of these loads on tunnel segments. The digital image correlation method was used to record and process images of surface changes on the segmental tunnel linings under various loading scenarios. A real tunnel case study was applied to verify the experimental results and to reveal the mechanical behaviour of the cracked lining. The numerical results and field data showed that the most crack-prone sections are found in standard segments (type B), representing about 85% of the observed cracks. The findings provide important insights for understanding crack behaviour under asymmetric loading and offer a basis reference for assessing and ensuring structural safety.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 20 Jan 2026 09:09:10 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2626181</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Study of the Mechanical Influence of Ground Grouting on an Existing Shield Tunnel</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2608162</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In water-saturated karst environments, existing shield tunnels are under external water pressure, posing potential water inrush hazards. It is an effective method to improve the permeability of the strata near the tunnel by ground grouting. However, currently, there is limited research on the impact mechanism of ground grouting on existing shield tunnels, leading to blindness and increasing risks of construction. This study investigates the mechanical response mechanisms of ground grouting to existing shield tunnels by grouting simulation systems with numerical simulation validation. Based on field tests from the subway water inrush control project, the stress and strain characteristics of the shield tunnel segments under multifactor influences were analyzed. The results indicate that the following: (1) under the action of grouting pressure, the maximum stress on the tunnel segment is observed at the intrados of the springline near the grouting pipe. The segment contracts horizontally away from the grouting pipe and expands vertically upward. (2) The segment moves horizontally away from the grouting pipe, with no vertical displacement. (3) The greater the grouting pressure, the longer the grouting duration, and the more frequent the grouting, the more significant the impact on the stress of the segment. The research findings provide theoretical guidance for practical grouting engineering.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 23 Dec 2025 09:51:46 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2608162</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Torque Transfer Response Enhancement on the DCT with Estimated Hydraulic Pressure in the Clutch Piston Chamber</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2623935</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The torque transfer response to rider throttle operation contributes to vehicle control in motorcycles equipped with a DCT (Dual Clutch Transmission). The clutch response is a key parameter to enhance torque transfer response. We have developed three new ECU (Electric Control Unit) control methods to enhance the clutch response on the DCT. The DCT clutch transfers torque by controlling the contact force between the clutch discs and the clutch plates. It is desirable to measure the hydraulic pressure value directly from the clutch piston chamber to control the contact force. However, since the clutch piston is a rotating body, it is impractical to place a hydraulic pressure sensor on it. Therefore, the hydraulic pressure sensor is placed along the clutch control oil line at the existing DCT system. Consequently, when oil flows in the oil line, pressure loss in the oil line causes a deviation between the hydraulic pressure sensor value and the clutch piston chamber pressure value, which limits the enhancement of clutch response. To enhance clutch response, we have studied the estimation of the hydraulic pressure value in the clutch piston chamber using the existing hydraulic pressure sensor value at the oil line. This estimation is based on the reaction force characteristics of the clutch piston and Bernoulli’s principle. By using the estimated hydraulic pressure, half-clutch control can be identified, which allows the application of higher feedback gain to enhance clutch response. We also implement correction of clutch control oil viscosity fluctuations based on the hydraulic pressure variations of the clutch control oil. With these technologies applied, the clutch response time is reduced 45% as reference compared to the existing DCT clutch control. This also reduces torque transfer response time, ultimately allowing for smoother vehicle control.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 22 Dec 2025 16:05:43 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2623935</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Soil Discharge Model Test and Spewing Prevention of Shield Tunneling in Water-Rich Sandy Stratum</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2606378</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Given the prevalent issue of earth pressure balance shield tunneling encountering spewing in water-rich sandy strata, a dedicated soil discharge model test system was devised. Through comprehensive tests on both unconditioned and conditioned soil under submerged conditions, this system unveiled the temporal distribution patterns of water pressure throughout the soil discharge and discharge phases. The test results show that in the case of unconditioned soil, once the water pressure within the soil chamber (Pt) surpasses 100 kPa, significant fluctuations occur upon opening the soil outlet, leading to a heightened risk of spewing. The severity of spewing can be gauged by analyzing both the average water pressure at the measurement point and the coefficient of variation in water pressure. The water pressure and water flow in the soil chamber have a great influence on the water pressure distribution in the soil discharge process. Changing the spiral speed n and soil discharge opening ratio ? cannot restrain the spewing. For conditioned soil, individual agents like foaming agent and bentonite are prone to being washed away under high water pressure. Bentonite combined with a high molecular polymer can effectively seal the dominant flow channels within the sandy soil gap. Through the use of a shield tunnel within the Nanchang Metro, the soil conditioning system underwent renovation, introducing a spewing prevention technology employing multiple pipeline quantitative injections. This conditioning approach effectively mitigated spewing issues and enhanced soil discharge efficiency, offering valuable insights for similar engineering endeavors.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 08 Dec 2025 11:43:47 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2606378</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Research on Surface Settlement Characteristics of an Underwater Shield Tunnel Based on Conditional Random Field Theory</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2591056</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The construction of underwater shield tunnels is highly vulnerable to water inrush, particularly due to excessive surface settlement in complex geotechnical conditions. Therefore, accurately predicting surface settlement during construction is essential for ensuring safety. To address this, an analysis method for surface settlement deformation of underwater shield tunnel based on conditional random field (CRF) is proposed in this study. First, using the random field (RF) theory based on the Gaussian autocorrelation function and Karhunen–Loève series expansion method, the ordinary Kriging method is introduced to establish the CRF theory. Subsequently, using borehole data, a CRF model of rocks hydraulic parameters is constructed and compared with model based on the existing RF theory. Finally, considering the hydromechanical coupling, a numerical model of the finite difference method is established, and the settlement and deformation characteristics of underwater shield tunnels based on the CRF theory and the RF theory are compared and analyzed. The results show that the CRF model can accurately characterize the spatial variability of geotechnical parameters and reach convergence faster than the RF model with better stability. In addition, compared with the RF model, the settlement curve based on the CRF model is more concentrated and the discrete range is significantly reduced, and the settlement range is reduced by 20%–30%, indicating that the settlement prediction method for underwater shield tunnel based on the CRF model has obvious advantages. The analysis method offers a more reliable theoretical basis and technical support for surface settlement approach during underwater shield tunnel construction, contributing to enhanced safety and efficiency in engineering construction.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 16 Oct 2025 17:02:34 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2591056</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Implementing the Ultra-High Pressure Water Cutter for Roadway Maintenance Applications</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2572380</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The implementation research project described herein has been designed to conduct a systematic evaluation of the ultra high pressure (UHP) water cutter as a pavement preservation tool for treatment of flushed, seal-coat surfaced pavements in Texas. Relative to treatment effectiveness, comparison of pre- and post-treatment data from multiple sets of friction and texture tests collected from 14 sites located in four climatic regions in Texas indicates that the UHP water cutting treatment generally yields significant improvement in pavement macrotexture and microtexture. Relative to treatment durability, follow-on evaluation of these same parameters is currently underway. Limited data based on one follow-on event six months after treatment suggest that the initial improvement associated with UHP treatment has decayed, but pavement surface friction and texture are typically still much higher than they were prior to treatment. Relative to production considerations associated with the UHP water cutter treatment process, a direct comparison of unit cost data for UPH water cutting versus the unit costs of other maintenance functions currently used to treat flushed pavements in Texas indicates that UHP water cutting can provide cost savings of 25 percent to 77 percent, typically 41 percent. Overall, the interim findings from of this implementation study are promising relative to the application of UHP water cutting for seal coat maintenance in Texas.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sat, 20 Sep 2025 11:55:45 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2572380</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Investigating the scour at piers of successive bridges with debris accumulation</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2582720</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Bridge scour around piers and abutments poses a significant threat to bridge stability, particularly in dynamic river environments like the Tigris River in Baghdad. This study aims to investigate the combined effects of successive bridges and debris accumulation on scour depth using HEC-RAS numerical simulations, with a focus on the Al-Sarafiya Bridge. The methodology integrated topographic, hydraulic, and sediment data to develop and calibrate a 1D HEC-RAS model based on a previously conducted study. Six scenarios were analyzed, including single and successive bridges with and without debris, under varying discharge conditions (490 m³/s to 3050 m³/s). The results revealed that an upstream bridge reduces scour depth at downstream piers by 30–40%, highlighting the protective role of hydraulic interactions between successive structures. Debris accumulation significantly increased contraction scour due to flow constriction, with scour depths rising by up to 40.5% under high discharge, but had minimal impact on pier scour, which remained dominated by localized vortices. The study validated HEC-RAS as a reliable tool for scour prediction, with results closely aligning with empirical data. Key findings include: (1) Successive bridges alter flow patterns, reducing downstream pier scour by 30–40%; (2) Debris exacerbates contraction scour but has negligible effects on pier scour; (3) HEC-RAS simulations provided accurate scour depth predictions, supporting its use in bridge design and maintenance. These insights underscore the importance of integrated hydraulic modeling for multi-bridge systems and debris management to mitigate scour risks. The study contributes to safer bridge design in complex river systems, offering practical strategies for long-term stability. Future research should explore debris properties and bridge configurations to refine scour mitigation approaches further.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 15 Sep 2025 10:34:05 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2582720</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Rupture of Flow Continuity at Hydraulic Impact in Pressure Systems from Polymer Pipes</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2407877</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In pressure systems made of polymeric materials, hydraulic impacts, accompanied by a decrease in pressure below atmospheric, can occur. The resulting discontinuity of the fluid flow leads to an increase in the negative consequences of water hammering. A set of measures to reduce the likelihood of a destructive non-stationary process increases the reliability and durability of the entire pressure system as a whole and each of its elements separately, is cost-effective, expedient, especially in comparison with the cost of measures to eliminate water hammering consequences. The article discusses a modern method for calculating the water hammering parameters. An assessment of the factors influencing the nature of the unsteady process and the magnitude of pressure during a hydraulic impact is made. The analysis of the main methods aimed at preventing and minimizing the negative consequences of water hammering is given. For an integrated approach to ensuring the reliability and stability of the pressure system in various conditions, it is required to calculate the water hammering possibility.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 24 Jul 2025 11:31:50 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2407877</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Comprehensive Numerical Modeling of Erosive Forces for Remedial Design</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2559476</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Sediment caps function as protective barriers, isolating hazardous substances and preventing their migration into the environment. An erosion protection layer is generally needed to safeguard against damage to the cap’s chemical isolation layer. This paper discusses the comprehensive modeling approach for evaluating cap erosion protection requirements for the Swan Island Basin (SIB) project site within Portland Harbor, Oregon. The erosive forces evaluated included 100-year river flood currents, wind waves, propeller wash, stormwater outfall discharges, and dry dock activities. Modeled results of peak bed shear stress from each hydrodynamic process were overlaid onto a fine grid, and maximum values were taken from each process to identify stable grain sizes for cap. Results show that in most areas, gravel is large enough to provide static material stability against erosion. In limited quiescent areas, medium-to-coarse sand used for the chemical isolation layer is likely to be stable (i.e., no erosion protection layer is required).]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 27 Jun 2025 11:04:48 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2559476</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>The mechanism of hydraulic pressure aggravates coarse-grained soil frost heave: Implication for frost prevention to high-speed railway subgrade</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2557162</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Coarse-grained soil is generally used in cold-regions infrastructure to mitigate the frost damage to engineering because of its non-frost heave susceptibility; however, in certain cases, coarse-grained fill has been observed to experience frost heave under hydraulic pressure. To reveal the mechanism of hydraulic pressure on coarse-grained soil frost heave, a model was developed to describe the frost heave in coarse-grained soil, incorporating the migration of external water to ice lenses through an unfrozen water film under hydraulic pressure, then the model was validated using published results. Subsequently, based on the validated model, the influence mechanism of hydraulic pressure and fine content on coarse-grained soil frost heave were analyzed. The calculation results demonstrate that the hydraulic pressure aggravates frost heave by increasing the pore water pressure gradient in the unfrozen water film. Additionally, frost heave rate increases with fine content because of the thickening of the film, which facilitates water flow and ice segregation. Furthermore, gray correlation analysis demonstrated that the impact of hydraulic pressure on frost heave in coarse-grained soil is more significant than that of fine content. Finally, the study discusses frost damage that occurred in high-speed railway subgrade and proposes the preventive measures.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 27 Jun 2025 11:04:48 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2557162</guid>
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