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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
    <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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      <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
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    <item>
      <title>Human Factors Issues and Trends in Offshore Operational Environments</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2681101</link>
      <description><![CDATA[What is the evolving role of Human Factors and Ergonomics (HF/E) practitioners in the design of increasingly automated offshore and maritime work environments? This panel will highlight technological trends transforming operational paradigms in the maritime sector, specifically, offshore energy production and shipping, in relation to HF/E and work environment design. The panel will be a discussion hosted by the Environmental Design Technical Group in collaboration with the Safety Technical Group and the Society of Petroleum Engineers Human Factors Technical Section. Panelists include three experts from industry and academia. Discussion participants will include HFES attendees in the audience including industry practitioners, students, and members from academia and government agencies. The discussion will begin with brief presentations by each panelist on the state-of-the-science of HF/E practice in offshore operational environments and emerging trends related to automation, remote supervisory control and related HF/E challenges, and followed by a moderated question and answer forum.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sat, 02 May 2026 15:47:30 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2681101</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>On the right track: psychosocial hazards and well-being in freight train driving</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2635966</link>
      <description><![CDATA[An in-depth investigation of the freight train industry from the perspective of understanding their interconnected psychosocial work environment for better work design is crucial yet scarce. In this study, we aimed to investigate and identify the psychosocial work environment of freight train drivers and define the key psychosocial hazards they encounter, impacting their well-being and professional domain. The investigation was conducted on a total of 532 German freight train drivers. Corresponding to the theory of healthy work design, exploratory factor analyses of the Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire identified a three-dimensional factor loading. A random forest model was calculated, showing emotional demands, social relations, commitment, and variables of job control to be key factors in the interwoven psychosocial work environment of freight train drivers. Understanding and building scientific understanding of these predictors would explain the impact of each predictor on the factors contributing to and asserting occupational safety. We discuss our findings considering existing literature and consequences for better work design.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 24 Feb 2026 15:39:55 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2635966</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>How do Bridge Officers Understand and Experience the Use of Social Media at Sea?</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2624133</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Recently, the use of social media at sea has increased. However, the research body that concerns seafarers’ use of social media is still sparce. This study aims to contribute to fill this gap, through an exploration of how maritime bridge officers understand and experience the use of social media at sea. A thematic analysis is applied to six in-depth semi structured interviews with seafarers sailing along the Norwegian coastline. Two global themes were identified: Social media use impacts interpersonal relationships, and Use of social media at work. Findings suggest that social media influences relationships with family and friends ashore, as well as interactions among crew members on board. While informants raised concerns about social media’s potential to distract bridge officers and impair concentration, it is used to counter boredom while at sea. It is also described that social media can be used as both as an informal work tool, and communication channel amongst crew. Despite many shipping companies having restrictions regarding cellphone use on the bridge, our results indicate these are not necessarily known or followed by the crew. The implications of this research are discussed.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 23 Jan 2026 15:37:08 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2624133</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Hybrid Workers’ Activity Intensity: Post-Pandemic Comparison of Telework-Only and in-Person Workdays</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2594201</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The COVID-19 pandemic profoundly reshaped work patterns, with a sizable portion of workers becoming engaged in hybrid work (i.e., combining teleworking and in-person work). This study investigates whether hybrid workers, in the post-pandemic era, participate in out-of-home activities differently on their telework days than on their in-person workdays. Using data from 1,438 hybrid workers in California, US, collected during fall 2023, we estimate a multivariate ordered-response probit model with threshold shifters. Differences in participation across six out-of-home activities (shopping, errands, drop-off/pick-up, eating out, visiting friends and family, and exercise) between telework and in-person workdays are jointly modeled. Workers show greater overall activity participation on telework days, with considerable heterogeneity among individuals. On telework days, women and older workers tend to have lower participation in out-of-home activities. Flexible work schedules are associated with higher participation in social activities. Greater time savings (from not having to physically commute) lead to higher overall participation. The results underscore the importance of policies that support flexible work arrangements, considering their potential to positively affect lifestyle and productivity. Additionally, teleworking at non-home locations is linked to higher activity participation overall, suggesting potential trip-chaining or unique activity allocation strategies that warrant further investigation. Our study contributes to the literature on post-pandemic teleworking and activity participation, and offers valuable insights into urban planning, transportation policy, and remote-work policies.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 09 Sep 2025 08:55:12 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2594201</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Challenges and Facilitators in Professional Pursuits: A Qualitative Exploration of Work Experiences in Türkiye and Perspectives of Seaborne Professionals</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2488158</link>
      <description><![CDATA[To understand the challenges and facilitators of the business climate in Türkiye from an outsider's perspective, this qualitative and conceptual research examines foreign seaborne business professionals. The main goal is to explore the challenges and opportunities faced by male and female professionals using feedback from 37 international participants working within the Türkiye business realm. The analysis was based on a comprehensive qualitative content analysis conducted with the help of Maxqda software, which helped unveil prominent themes that define the Türkiye corporate world as expressed by the views and experiences of the respondents. This paper highlight and exposes the contrasts and similarities between expatriates' and their Turkish counterparts' experiences in seaborne business in Türkiye. Therefore, it contributes to knowledge of the operational mechanics of the Turkish business environment. The outcome of this research indicates that situational diversity, as well as flexible organizational practices, contribute significantly to creating a sustainable business environment and ensuring international business success. Türkiye's business culture offers both possibilities and problems for foreign professionals. Given these circumstances, research has established that a full-fledged global business requires sensitivity to the business culture and understanding local business practices, along with areas for improvement. This study is perceived to provide valuable perspectives for entrepreneurs who aspire to facilitate and improve the business climate in Türkiye, as well as policymakers and other administrators. In addition, it contributes to more comprehensive discussions related to Türkiye's international business environment.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 18 Jul 2025 09:05:44 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2488158</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>DEIA Strategic Plan: Advancing Diversity, Equity, Inclusion, and Accessibility in the Department of Transportation</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2464528</link>
      <description><![CDATA[On June 25, 2021, President Biden signed Executive Order (EO) 14035, Advancing Diversity, Equity, Inclusion, and Accessibility (DEIA) in the Federal Workforce. This EO launched a whole-of-government initiative to cultivate a federal workforce that draws from the full diversity of the Nation and advances equitable employment opportunities. The U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) DEIA Strategic Plan demonstrates DOT’s commitment to DEIA as critical to advancing the Department’s mission. The DOT Plan aligns with the EO 14035 and follows the guidance provided in the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission’s Management Directive 715 and the Government-wide DEIA Strategic Plan issued by the Office of Personnel Management (OPM) on November 23, 2021. This DEIA Strategic Plan for DOT also helps fulfill EO 13985, Advancing Racial Equity and Support for Underserved Communities Through the Federal Government. The Government-wide DEIA Strategic Plan identifies five operating principles for DEIA. DOT believes in adhering to this government-wide plan by focusing organizational efforts based on these principles through integration of five focus areas in DOT: Recruitment, Outreach and Hiring; Leadership and Professional Development; Retention; Workplace Culture; and Accountability.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 16 Dec 2024 09:11:11 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2464528</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>A Review on the Mental Health Stressors of Construction Workers</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2389875</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The mental health of construction workers is often neglected despite their overrepresentation in deaths associated with suicide and other mental health conditions. The nature of the construction sector is inherently stressful, and failure to manage individual stress levels can manifest in depression, which can eventually lead to suicide ideation and suicide. This study identifies prevalent mental health conditions within the industry, defines mental health stressors on construction worksites and determines their frequency of citation, and discusses best practices for the promotion of a healthy work environment. Through the identification of 13 factors negatively affecting their mental health, the findings highlight the significance of protecting not only the physical but also the mental health of construction personnel. The most frequently cited mental health stressors were found to be excessive work demand, work life imbalance, and poor working environments. Additionally, the study showed that the effective management of workplace mental health involves the implementation of a strategy considering the integration of primary, secondary, and tertiary interventions. The promotion of a help-seeking culture may also help reduce the stigma around mental health and diminish internal shame, specifically for male construction workers.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 22 Aug 2024 15:11:13 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2389875</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Strategies to Advance MDT as an Employer of Choice for Talent</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2413943</link>
      <description><![CDATA[State departments of transportation face a variety of challenges with recruitment and retention of staff. The transportation workforce is older than the national average with a significant portion of staff eligible to retire. New technologies and evolving agency mandates are also changing the nature of work and the type of skillsets required by personnel, intensifying competition with private industry for in-demand workers. Recruitment and retention challenges are exacerbated by tight labor markets in rural states like Montana. The Montana Department of Transportation (MDT) will want to implement evidence-based strategies to successfully compete for qualified workers.

The proposed research will assist MDT in developing strategies to make the agency an employer of choice. The focus of the research will be in assessing three primary areas related to workforce development: 1. Characterize Leadership Motivation and Goals. How does MDT leadership formulate its workforce development goals and motivations and how are they communicated and operationalized through internal and external communications, policies, and practices? Are current approaches effective in achieving goals? The research will review agency communications, strategic plans, and other documentation in conjunction with staff interviews to identify existing attitudes, accountability measures, programs, and organizational structures in place to advance human resource goals as well as to identify challenges or barriers. 2. Workplace Culture Assessment. The project will develop and distribute a survey about workplace culture to MDT employees. The researchers will work with MDT Human Resources staff to ensure that the survey includes relevant demographic classifications and follows agency protocols. The survey will be augmented by in-depth interviews with staff from a variety of occupational groupings, career stages, and departments/divisions within the agency. The purpose of the climate assessment is to assess employee engagement and to identify any issues that exist about how employees perceive their workplace environment.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 06 Aug 2024 11:04:10 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2413943</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Determinants and stressors of seafarers’ job satisfaction: evidence from a global survey</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2344892</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Despite it is widely accepted that the job satisfaction of Seafarers is low, few studies have examined to develop a model of its determinants and stressors based on theorical grounding. This study develops a seafarer job determinants-stress-satisfaction model based on three theories: behaviour setting theory, attachment theory, and contingency theory. The dependant variable, seafarers’ job satisfaction was measured with three variables: (a) overall satisfaction, (b) payment satisfaction, and (c) burnout. This study hypothesises that (i) the ship work environment and (ii) seafarer belongingness have a direct impact on job satisfaction and (iii) workplace and belongingness stress moderates these effects. Using a large-scale survey of 1,612 seafarers, hierarchical regression analysis, the study uncover four dimensions of workplace environment (physical, connected, healthy, and functional), two seafarer attachment styles (secure, avoidant) and two more seafarer belongingness factors: company supportive culture and social fit. The job determinants-stress-satisfaction model explained 39% of the overall job satisfaction, 18.1% of payment satisfaction, and 16.3% of burnout. Findings allow maritime companies to improve seafarer job satisfaction by creating a supporting culture, prioritise social activities, and pay attention to shipboard environment (hygiene, connectivity, functionalities).]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 04 Mar 2024 09:41:41 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2344892</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>A comprehensive assessment of environmental factors in aircraft cockpit based on fuzzy evaluation</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2329601</link>
      <description><![CDATA[BACKGROUND: The cockpit of an aircraft is the main place where the pilot controls the aircraft on a mission. An excellent cockpit environment not only ensures the pilot's basic survival needs but also improves the comfort level and alleviates fatigue when performing missions., OBJECTIVE: On the basis of domestic and international airworthiness standards, a top-down refinement method is deployed to determine the initial goal, and the environmental criteria are fully discussed and balanced in a dynamic process to build a comprehensive evaluation system for environmental factors in the aircraft cockpit., METHODS: Based on the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation theory, an evaluation model for environmental factors is constructed by combining analytic hierarchical analysis (AHP) and particle swarm optimization (PSO). Then the feasibility of the evaluation model is verified by an illustrative example., RESULTS: The results suggest that the light environment gains the highest score among the 4 environmental criteria followed by the thermal environment, while both sound environment and microenvironment have relatively low scores., CONCLUSION: As for the 27 environmental sub-criteria, temperature, illumination, lighting clarity, light-color coordination, noise duration and pressure score the highest. The evaluation findings can provide important environmental control criteria for the subsequent environmental control system in the cockpit of the aircraft.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 12 Feb 2024 10:31:12 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2329601</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>The Impact of Children's School Format on Women Professionals in STEM</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2244203</link>
      <description><![CDATA[With many school closures during the pandemic resulting in long-term changes (more than just a month) to child education format (e.g., online or hybrid), many women took on increasingly greater home and childcare responsibilities. Even prior to the pandemic, the retention of women in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) faced many challenges. The research project described herein tried to capture the experiences of women in STEM with children, as (rather than in retrospect) they navigated various school formats during the coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19). The authors anticipate that the results of this research will highlight the challenges facing women in STEM with children when it comes to the education of their children. Three surveys were administered to women in STEM: one in October of 2020, one in March of 2021, and one in May of 2021. Forty-six, ten and three survey respondents replied to each survey. The results suggest that while overall survey respondents remained concerned about impacts that COVID-19 may have on them and their families, the level of concern seemed to dissipate over the successive surveys. Overall, women in STEM reported very limited options for additional support (e.g., a nanny). The hybrid school format was reported as requiring some of the most significant levels of support followed by online and then in-person. As a whole, women in STEM whose children were attending school in-person reported little to no impacts, often instead remarking on impacts felt during the initial lockdowns. Women in STEM with elementary school-aged children seemed to report the most significant impact. The inability to work uninterrupted was one of the most significant challenges suggested, as there are implications that the work that women in STEM are conducting requires periods of meta focus. Therefore, while the flexibility of allowing women in STEM to work at home can bring some benefits, ultimately, when her children are also at home, the benefits are significantly mitigated. Finally, while the three surveys were expected to be able to capture the oscillation between school formats, at least one survey respondent described many changes between subsequent surveys.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 08 Sep 2023 19:02:01 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2244203</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>How Do Neighbourhood and Working Environment Affect Green Commuting in China? A Resident Health Perspective</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2169560</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Commuting contributes to high levels of greenhouse gases and air pollution. The recently advocated ‘green commuting’, i.e. active and public modes of transport, will be conducive to low-carbon and environmentally friendly transport. A baseline goal of urban planning is to promote health; however, few studies have explored the health-related impacts of environments at both ends of the commute on residents’ commuting mode choices. To fill the gap, this study proposes to consider the impact of the neighbourhood and working environment on green commuting from a health perspective. Using a sample of 15,886 people from 368 communities in China, three generalised multilevel linear regression models were estimated. Physical and psychological health were combined to further analyse health-related environmental attributes on the commuting choices of residents with different health levels. The results indicate that the working environment exerts more substantial effects on ‘green commuting’ than the neighbourhood environment, especially for workplace satisfaction. Moreover, the authors found that a good working environment and relationships will significantly encourage the sub-healthy group to choose active commuting. These findings are beneficial for policymakers to consider focusing on reconciling neighbourhood and working environments and meeting the commuting requirements of the less healthy group.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sat, 29 Jul 2023 16:29:34 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2169560</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Maritime social sustainability: Conceptualization and scale development</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2197622</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The maritime transportation sector has been actively encouraging economic, environmental, and social sustainability. However, academic research on maritime social sustainability is still limited.This study provides a comprehensive conceptualization of maritime social responsibility and investigates whether the flag of the vessel, impacts this conceptualization.Using data from many seafarers globally, the present study empirically confirms and validates that maritime social responsibility is a multidimensional construct, consisting of (i) physical, (ii) functional, (iii) healthy, (iv) cultural, and (v) communication components. Findings show that seafarers’ perceptions do not differ based on the flag of the vessel of their employment.The present study offers valuable insight to understand maritime social sustainability and extends the literature on the linkage between vessel flags and working and living aspects onboard. It provides managerial and policy implications.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 17 Jul 2023 15:13:23 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2197622</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Case Study on the Relationship Between Socio-Demographic Characteristics and Work-from-Home Behavior Before, During, and After the COVID-19 Pandemic</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2195012</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Many studies have explored the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on work-from-home (WFH) behavior from different perspectives. However, it is rare to find studies focusing on how the newly adopted WFH practices will affect commuting patterns in the post-pandemic era. This study defines two mediation factors to capture the perceptions of pandemic severity and work environment at home and further investigates their impacts on future WFH adoption. This study utilizes a comprehensive survey and a path analysis method known as structural equation modeling (SEM) to explore the association between demographic factors, perception of COVID-related issues, and WFH behavior before, during, and after the pandemic. The results show that motherhood negatively affected WFH experiences in the before, during, and after periods of the pandemic. It was also found that being forced to WFH and mixing the working environment with their children made mothers less likely to WFH in the post-pandemic era. The results also show that older workers are less appreciative of the WFH approach and are less likely to continue to WFH in the post-pandemic era. The findings also confirmed the association between WFH during and after the pandemic with other factors, such as age and education. The positive or negative experiences with WFH during the pandemic will significantly shape workers’ decisions on continuing to WFH in the post-pandemic era. These findings could help transportation agencies understand the impacts of these factors on the choices of WFH during and, more importantly, after the pandemic era.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 13 Jun 2023 17:30:54 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2195012</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Comprehensive Analysis from the Survey of the Difficulties Encountered by Long-Haul Commercial Motor Vehicle Drivers in Kentucky</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2015361</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA) reported that commercial motor vehicles (CMVs), including large trucks and buses, comprised about 14% of total fatal crashes in the United States in 2018. Compared to other commercial vehicle types (e.g., taxis or commercial vans), CMVs require more driving skills and experience. Additionally, CMV drivers are more involved in long work hours, in-time delivery restrictions, and relatively inflexible working conditions. Despite the difficulties associated with long-haul CMV driving, very few studies have been documented to address driving challenges for long-haul CMV drivers. This study conducted a survey-based analysis to identify the concerns and difficulties encountered by long-haul CMV drivers in Kentucky. Questions encompassing different trucking aspects, such as drivers’ socio-demographic characteristics, CMV-related factors, and work-specific features, were prepared. The survey was then posted online on the Kentucky Transportation Cabinet (KYTC) website and on KYTC’s social media accounts, such as Facebook and Twitter. A total of 210 responses were gathered and used in the analysis. Comprehensive analysis was performed using descriptive statistics and graphical displays (such as pie/bar charts) and chi-square test of independence (to test the significant correlation between various factors vs. driver drowsiness/sleepiness and out-of-vehicle distraction). The results of the chi-square test showed that payment type, work flexibility status, presence of truck adaptive cruise control system, truck ownership status, nighttime driving, break taking, eating or drinking while driving, in-time delivery percentage, and listening to music/radio/podcasts when driving were significantly associated with the likelihood of driver drowsiness/sleepiness. Furthermore, respondents stated that lack of rest areas and parking spots, poor roadway maintenance, and lack of awareness/training for non-CMV drivers were the three main issues affecting long-haul trucking in Kentucky.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 03 Oct 2022 14:17:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2015361</guid>
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