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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
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    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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      <title>Decolonial Feminism, Entrepreneurship, and the Use of Bicycles for Development in Northern Uganda</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2625899</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This study aims to provide deeper understanding of the “grand narratives” surrounding the promise and potential that bicycles and entrepreneurship are assumed to have for women in the Global South. Decolonial feminism is used to contest Eurocentric narratives underlying bicycles and entrepreneurship and to provide nuanced insight into how women in Northern Uganda resist the oppression resulting from colonialism and patriarchy. Eighteen women from two communities shared their lived experiences of using bicycles received from a nongovernmental organization. The findings revealed that bicycles are used by women for income-generation and business activities that largely align with dominant Westernized narratives of entrepreneurship that reproduce capitalist modes of thinking. Histories of colonialism and coloniality influence gendered roles and identities that are reflected in the work women do. However, the self-organization of women has led to bicycles and “bicycle savings groups” being used by women to promote unity and advocacy that resist patriarchal oppression and may alter gender relations. This paper contributes to existing literature on gender, mobilities, and entrepreneurship, demonstrating the usefulness of decolonial feminism to reveal the threads of oppression experienced by women while at the same time centering subaltern women’s agency. The findings unveiled the need to better account for heterogenous experiences of mobilities and entrepreneurship, particularly those of subaltern women who are framed as the beneficiaries of bicycles through grand narratives.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 24 Nov 2025 10:24:54 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2625899</guid>
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      <title>Mobility as a Service: an opportunity to address women's mobility needs towards gender equity</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2559833</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Women's mobility choices are often influenced by concerns related to security and accessibility, which can limit their ability to fully participate in social and economic activities. While these challenges are particularly pronounced in developing countries, similar issues are observed in Europe, where women frequently report negative experiences as users of transport systems. This study investigates whether Mobility as a Service (MaaS) can address these gender-specific concerns by providing safer, more flexible and inclusive transport options. A survey was conducted with Italian respondents to identify women's mobility needs, with a particular focus on security. Basic statistical analysis of the survey results reveals that both women and men acknowledge the security challenges women face while travelling and rate security features to be included in a MaaS application for improving their experiences. Based on the survey results, the study proposes a set of key features for a "MaaS4Women" application that could help reduce perceived risks and enhance security. The findings suggest that customizing MaaS features and bundles to meet women's specific needs could be an important step towards improving gender equity in transport.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 01 Oct 2025 11:36:31 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2559833</guid>
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      <title>Historical Overview of the Role of Minorities in the Economic Development of Texas, With a Special Emphasis on the Texas Construction Industry</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2444756</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This study was undertaken at the request of the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) in response to its obligations under Senate Bill 352, 72nd Texas State Legislature (Texas Revised Statutes, Article 6669C) to conduct a fact-finding study in support of a state-funds contracting and procurement program for businesses owned by minorities and women. The authors have had joint responsibility for this Study. To assist in carrying out the assignment, the authors recruited a number of economic, financial, business, legal, and policy experts from both the public and private sectors. This draft report was prepared under their supervision by Dr. Peter Balash, Research Fellow, Lyndon B. Johnson School of Public Affairs, The University of Texas at Austin. He was assisted by Ms. Janine Berg and Mr. John Wilton, Staff Research Assistants. This report serves as an overview of Texas economic history, concentrating on forces shaping access to business opportunities in areas of work relevant to the TxDOT. The analysis provides a base for understanding how economic trends and fluctuations and historical legacies affect the contemporary business situation. More thorough analysis of recent occupational and earnings data, in conjunction with a focus on educational endowments, shall render a complete picture of those factors which have a direct impact upon rates of entrepreneurship across groups, especially in construction-related fields. Recent survey results concerning educational background shall shed light upon current higher education data. Results strengthen the case that historical discrimination has had deleterious economic effects for minorities and women. The historical analysis generates conclusions that could lead to recommendations for combating deeply entrenched barriers to participation.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sat, 02 Nov 2024 16:43:09 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2444756</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Availability and Outreach Directories of Certified and Potentially Certifiable Disadvantaged Business Enterprises and Historically Underutilized Businesses</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2444760</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This report is the third in a series of six reports to be submitted through Project 980, "Disadvantaged Business Enterprise Capacity Study." The study was undertaken at the request of the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) in response to its obligations under Senate Bill 352, 72nd Texas State Legislature (Texas Revised Statutes, Article 6669C) to conduct a fact-finding study in support of a state-funds contracting and procurement program for businesses owned by minorities and women. This report contains two availability directories of minority-owned and women-owned businesses operating in Texas. These directories have been customized to restrict coverage to firms that provide highway construction, maintenance, and other services regularly procured by TxDOT. The first directory, referred to as the DBE Availability & Outreach Directory, focuses exclusively on firms providing highway construction and related goods and services. The second directory, referred to as the HUB Availability & Outreach Directory, focuses exclusively on firms providing other services regularly procured by TxDOT through its Equipment and Procurement Division. Combined, these directories contain over 4,000 distinct entries within over 40 business categories.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 28 Oct 2024 15:36:38 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2444760</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Introduction to and Executive Summary of Texas Department of Transportation Study 7-980</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2444793</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This report is the seventh and final volume of the seven-volume "Disadvantaged Business Enterprise (DBE) Capacity Study." Study 7-980 was undertaken at the request of the Texas Department of Transportation in partial response to its obligations under Senate Bill 352, 72nd Texas State Legislature (Texas Revised Statutes, Article 6669C), to conduct a fact-finding study in support of a state-funds contracting and procurement program for businesses owned by minorities and women. In this study, the authors developed statistical, anecdotal, and historical evidence regarding the ongoing effects of past and present race and gender discrimination on black, Hispanic, Native American, Asian and Pacific Islander, and women-owned businesses in Texas. The authors also conducted detailed mail surveys of persons with experience in or knowledge of the highway construction and maintenance industry in Texas. Additionally, the authors conducted careful reviews of other DBE legislation and programs in existence in Texas and elsewhere in the nation, and fact-finding studies conducted by other states subsequent to Croson (the U.S. Supreme Court's decision in City of Richmond v. J.A. Croson). The results of the study show that historical, systemic, and institutionalized discrimination severely restricted minority access to sources of wealth and power and was a major factor accounting for the marginal status of minority businesses in the Texas economy. The evidence demonstrates that economic disparities between minorities and Anglos remain considerable. The gap is particularly wide with respect to business activities.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 28 Oct 2024 15:36:38 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2444793</guid>
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      <title>Legal Standards for the Establishment and Implementation of a Disadvantaged Business Enterprise Program by the Texas Department of Transportation</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2444762</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This study was undertaken at the request of the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) in response to its obligations under Senate Bill 352, 72nd Texas State Legislature (Texas Revised Statutes, Article 6669) to conduct a fact-finding study in support of a state-funds contracting and procurement program for businesses owned by minorities and women. The authors have had joint responsibility for this study. To assist in carrying out the assignment, the authors recruited a number of economic, financial, business, legal, and policy experts from both the public and private sectors. This draft report was prepared under the supervision of Dr. John R. Allison, Graduate School of Business, University of Texas at Austin. Professor Allison serves as the Mary John & Ralph Spence Centennial Professor of Business Administration, Chairman of the Business Law section, Associate Chairman of the Department of Management Science and Information Systems, and Director of the Center for Legal and Regulatory Studies. He was assisted by Mr. David Pryor, Staff Research Assistant. This brief has been prepared in order to help the Texas Department of Transportation reconcile the mandate of the Texas State Legislature to implement a state-funds procurement program for disadvantaged business enterprises (DBEs) with the constitutional strictures set forth by the decision of the U.S. Supreme Court in Richmond v. Croson and developed in case law since then. The rigorous legal analysis contained herein describes, as precisely as possible, the parameters under which the TxDOT must operate in order to construct a constitutionally valid, enforceable goals program for state-funded contracting, subcontracting and procurement.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 28 Oct 2024 15:36:38 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2444762</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>State and National Review of Disadvantaged Business Enterprise Legislation, Programs, and Availability-Disparity Studies</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2444761</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This study was undertaken at the request of the Texas Department of Transportation in response to its obligations under Senate Bill 352, 72nd Texas State Legislature (Texas Revised Statutes, Article 6669C) to conduct a fact-finding study in support of a state-funds contracting and procurement program for businesses owned by minorities and women. The authors have had joint responsibility for this Study. To assist in carrying out the assignment, the authors recruited a number of economic, financial, business, legal, and policy experts from both the public and private sectors. This draft report is a consolidation of three separate research reports prepared under the authors' supervision. Part One was prepared by Mr. Clayton E. Curtis, Staff Research Assistant. He was assisted by Ms. Janine Berg, Staff Research Assistant. Part Two was prepared by Dr. James E. Jarrett, Director of Research, Center for Legal and Regulatory Studies. He was assisted by Ms. Kathy Halliman, Staff Research Assistant. Part Three was prepared by Dr. Peter Balash, Research Fellow, Lyndon B. Johnson School of Public Affairs, The University of Texas at Austin. This review combines three reports which, taken together, provide the Texas Department of Transportation the means to appreciate the local, state, and national contexts in which the current Project 7-980 has proceeded. The first part determines the extent of utilization efforts and legislation currently in place across Texas, at local and regional levels of government. Part Two details the state-funds DBE programs in existence nationwide and also includes an exploratory analysis focusing on DBE efforts aimed at persons with disabilities. Part three surveys the efforts in other states to undertake an availability/disparity study, discussing relevant issues in detail.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 28 Oct 2024 15:36:38 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2444761</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Participation of Disadvantaged Business Enterprises (DBE) in Texas Department of Transportation Contracting and Procurement, 1985-1992</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2444759</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This study was undertaken at the request of the Texas Department of Transportation(TxDOT) in response to its obligations under Senate Bill 352, 72nd Texas State Legislature (Texas Revised Statutes, Article 6669Q to conduct a fact-finding study in support of a state-funds contracting and procurement program for businesses owned by minorities and women. This report examines more than five years of Disadvantaged Business Enterprise (DBE) participation in TxDOT highway construction contracting and presents DBE participation data calculated from the Department's Subcontractor Monitoring System (SMS) for prime contracts and associated contracts. The period covered runs from the beginning of January 1987 through early June 1992. It describes participation by minority-owned and women-owned businesses in the contracting and subcontracting processes associated with the construction of highways by TxDOT. While a comparative analysis of this information shows important differences between DBE and non-DBE firms, it reveals important similarities as well.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 28 Oct 2024 15:36:37 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2444759</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Creating Connections in TRB Contracting</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1888928</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The Transportation Research Board (TRB) Airport Cooperative Research Program’s (ACRP’s) online portal, IdeaHub, offers a platform for creating and developing airport-related research ideas. Recently, ACRP developed an innovative way to use IdeaHub to allow proposers to better connect with minority- and women-owned businesses, improving diversity and inclusion in project teams. Those seeking to partner with others will be able to post within IdeaHub on a web page specific to a project about their own expertise or expertise they are hoping to add to their team. Users then provide contact information, and anyone viewing will be able to contact them directly to further discuss how they can team up on an ACRP project.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 31 Oct 2021 19:06:56 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1888928</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Public–Private Partnership and Social Equity: An Empirical Study of the Disadvantaged Business Enterprise Program</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1869070</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Pushback for public–private partnerships (P3s) comes in part from their purported favoritism toward large firms. However, no study has empirically verified this claim. This paper examined the Disadvantaged Business Enterprise (DBE) program to assess whether delivery methods play a role in the participation of minority- and women-owned firms in federally assisted transportation contracts. A sample of 134 contracts from the US Major Transportation Project Database served as the dataset to run linear regressions. Results revealed that P3 associates with higher DBE goals than design–bid–build (DBB). Plausible explanations include P3 being associated with a larger contract size, more public attention, more potential subcontracting opportunities with design included in the package, and intensified agency desire for greater diversity in DBE subcontracts. Moreover, the delivery method has an insignificant effect on DBE attainment. This paper also introduces the DBE envelope, a radar plot capable of graphically assessing DBE program implementation.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 05 Aug 2021 09:18:12 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1869070</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Diversity in Transportation Contracting</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1865306</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This article focuses on the U.S. DOT Disadvantaged Business Enterprise (DBE) Program, a congressionally authorized program that supports the growth and development of businesses owned by people from historically underrepresented groups. The DBE program offers an opportunity for small disadvantaged businesses to compete for federally funded transportation contracts initiated by state and local governments. This article profiles owners of three transportation DBE firms. They discuss what DBE certification means to them and how it has helped them to start and grow their businesses.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 19 Jul 2021 09:40:24 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1865306</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Gender and Transport in Haiti: Gender Diagnostic and Gender Action Plan</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1841549</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This technical note encompasses Haiti's gender assessment, evaluates the success of gender specific actions implemented between 2011-2017, and presents a Gender and Transport Action Plan (GAP). The GAP's main aim is to guide investments in Haiti's transport sector in conceptualizing and designing gender-sensitive transport projects. By proposing specific gender actions and outcomes, the GAP establishes a clear path to integrate a gender dimension into operations design, implementation and, monitoring and evaluation. The GAP presents an overall plan to support the development of Haitian women. However, it focuses in the needs of women as transport services users and devotes specific attention to two female sub-groups, comprised by Haitian women engaged in informal trade of local and regional products. These women are known as Madan Sara (MS), and local female mango producers and traders (MPT). The decision of focusing on MS is related to their vital role in the Haitian local labor market and the peculiarity of their work, which has specific transport needs. Understanding and addressing these female groups' transport constraints could strategically improve the outcomes of upcoming transport investments and bring more benefits to its beneficiaries.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 29 Apr 2021 09:19:19 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1841549</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>The State of Minority- and Women-Owned Business Enterprise: Evidence from Missouri</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1693782</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The Missouri Department of Transportation (MoDOT) commissioned this study to evaluate whether  minority-owned and women-owned business enterprises (DBEs) in MoDOT’s market area have full and fair opportunities to compete for its prime contracts and associated subcontracts, and those of its federal-aid subrecipients. To meet its regulatory obligations, among other things MoDOT is required to: (1) compile statistical information concerning the past utilization of DBEs as prime contractors, prime consultants, subcontractors, subconsultants, suppliers, and truckers; and (2) estimate the percentage of DBEs in various industry categories that could potentially become certified as DBEs. The purpose of this report is to assist MoDOT to fulfill these two regulatory requirements. The results of the 2012 study provide the evidentiary record necessary for MoDOT’s consideration regarding the implementation of renewed DBE policies or the origination of DBE policies that are responsive to the evidence and that comply with the requirements of the courts. The study also will help in assessing the extent to which prior efforts have assisted DBEs to participate on a fair basis in MoDOT’s contracting activity. The 2012 study finds both statistical and anecdotal evidence of business discrimination against DBEs in MoDOT’s relevant market area. The 2012 study finds statistical evidence of business discrimination against DBEs in the private sector of MoDOT’s market area. These findings are presented in Chapters V and VI. Statistical analyses of MoDOT’s own contracting and that of its federal-aid subrecipients, which also document evidence consistent with business discrimination, are contained in Chapters III, IV and VII. As a check on the statistical findings, the authors surveyed the contracting experiences of DBEs and non-DBEs in the market area and also conducted a series of in-depth personal interviews with business enterprises throughout the market area (both DBE and non-DBE) both of which document significant amounts of business discrimination affecting DBEs.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 20 Apr 2020 16:29:43 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1693782</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>U.S. DOT’s Disadvantaged Business Enterprise Program: Key Components and Issues</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1571465</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The United States Department of Transportation’s (DOT’s) Disadvantaged Business Enterprise (DBE) program has endured for nearly 40 years. This national program helps to correct a historic imbalance in opportunities for minority- and women-owned small businesses in DOT-assisted contracting. The program ensures that federally funded highway, transit, and airport contracts and associated subcontracts are available to all firms on a nondiscriminatory basis. Recipients of DOT transportation funds through the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), and the Federal Transit Administration (FTA) all must comply with the program. This article explores the DBE program's history, purpose, and key components. In addition, challenges are discussed including: uniformity of practice; resource allocation and oversight; counting correctly; and supplier and regular dealer concerns.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 07 Dec 2018 13:46:14 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1571465</guid>
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      <title>Ready, Willing &amp; Able</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1510144</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This article examines efforts by the Federal Highway Administration and other government and private organizations to increase the number of women working in transportation. It focuses on middle-skill jobs, jobs that typically do not require a bachelor’s degree but do require education and training in various skills. Increasing the number of women in transportation occupations seems an obvious solution to overcoming current and anticipated workforce shortages. However, there are challenges and barriers to women moving into transportation occupations. The barriers include fewer opportunities than men have to learn how to use tools while growing up; lack of information about careers in the skilled trades; less access to social networks that facilitate successful applications to apprenticeship programs; and harassment and discrimination in hiring, assignments, and on-the-job training during apprenticeships. Women-owned small businesses were added as a presumed disadvantaged class to the USDOT’s disadvantaged business enterprise (DBE) program in 1987. Women-owned firms now have the greatest percentage of participation on federally assisted contracts among all the DBE program’s disadvantaged classes. Despite this success story, women-owned small businesses continue to face challenges and barriers in the male-dominated construction industry.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 30 Apr 2018 17:21:48 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1510144</guid>
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