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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
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    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>The social impact of the automobile on rural America, 1893-1929 : a documentary history</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1220422</link>
      <description><![CDATA[ABSTRACT. THE SOCIAL IMPACT OF THE AUTOMOBILE ON RURAL AMERICA, 1893-1929: A DOCUMENTARY HISTORY. Michael Louis Berger. This study is both a narrative history and a collection of documentary readings. As such, it attempts to ascertain the type and the degree of social change brought about by the introduction of the passenger automobile into rural American life during the years 1893-1929. Interspersed throughout the work are approximately two hundred documentary excerpts. These are meant to form an integral part of the essay, and thus the flow of the narrative is uninterrupted by either document numbers or titles. Yet, most of these selections are capable of being extracted without losing their comprehensibility (a 'List of Documents' is provided to facilitate this task). A primary objective of this work is to present the personal reactions of rural dwellers to the advent of a new technological device. For this purpose, extensive use is made of those autobiographies, periodical accounts, contemporary rural sociological studies, fictional works, and government reports which seem to paint a picture of those events portrayed in a more impersonal manner in secondary histories. Documents drawn from this literature are grouped so as to show the impact of the motor car on family life, community social structure, leisure time pursuits, religion, education, health, and the environment. No attempt is made to prove causal relationships. The fact that the automobile was one of several factors bringing about change in this period makes this all but impossible. Instead, the extent of the influence of the motor car is illustrated. By alternately describing what rural social institutions were like before and after the impact of the automobile, the question of what happens when a major instrument of social change is made available to the average citizen to do with as he or she pleases is answered. The evidence indicates that the motor car was most quickly accepted in those areas of rural life that had traditionally been loosely structured. When the automobile did enter the realm of institutionalized life, the immediate reaction was one of shock and disarray, followed by attempts to re-create some facsimile of what had been destroyed. Yet, the new structuring was always different from the old to the degree that the automobile had affected that particular institution. Nonetheless, certain similarities were discernible in the newly motorized rural America. For one, everything was more complex. No longer did one choose friends, leisure time activities, or the family doctor merely on the basis of proximity. The primary tie became one of interest rather than location. Time had ceased to be the barrier it once was. By undermining isolation, the automobile helped create a spirit of cooperation among ruralities as well. While the resulting specialized groups tended to break up traditional family and neighborhood-based activities, they in turn led to newer types of association and a re-integrated rural community. Still, the historic conflict between rural and urban America, made all the more pressing by the automobile's ability to annihilate distance, was finally settled in favor of the latter, although a certain intermingling of traits did occur. Thus, what had changed most was the structure of rural American social life. Personalized service made way for the dictates of big business. The small, rural town witnessed its social and economic demise. Its uniqueness disappeared into that conglomerate that we term today the metropolitan area.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 07 Nov 2012 12:41:16 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>Commuting and nonmetropolitan changes : a case study of Ohio, Georgia and Texas, 1960-1980</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/853458</link>
      <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 24 Apr 2008 16:11:17 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/853458</guid>
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      <title>A multivariate analysis of transportation infrastructure and manufacturing in a rural area</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/853265</link>
      <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 24 Apr 2008 15:41:29 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/853265</guid>
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      <title>Rural communities and inter-urban transportation systems : a study of the stages of interaction</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/853264</link>
      <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 24 Apr 2008 15:41:22 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/853264</guid>
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      <title>Transportation Challenges and Issues Facing Rural Texas: A Methodology to Prioritize Rural Transportation</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/846818</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Over the past two decades, changes in transportation demand of agriculture and rural industry have interacted with the deregulation of the transportation sector. This has resulted in the abandonment both of the regulation of truck rates and competition, and of many rural rail links that were deemed inefficient. Agricultural industrialization and the move towards applying market principles to guide production decisions have had a profound impact on rural transportation infrastructure. Together with strategic rail decisions to terminate inefficient services, these changes have resulted in larger and heavier truck hauling agricultural products over longer distances on pavements and bridges that were not constructed to withstand these loads. Clearly there is a need to better understand the strategic challenges and issues as well as the critical role that transportation plays in promoting competitive agriculture and a vibrant rural economy. The objectives of this project were to (a) explore the rural agriculture/industry-transportation relationship, (b) provide information on major rural stakeholder, industry, and trucking views, (c) highlight the factors that result in greater demands on rural roads from the perspective of the Texas Department of Transportation, (d) present a methodology to prioritize rural transportation needs in transportation planning decisions, and (e) list a number of policy options to address rural transportation concerns.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 30 Jan 2008 15:47:46 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/846818</guid>
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      <title>Urbanization of Minnesota's Countryside, 2000-2025: Evolving Geographies and Transportation Impacts</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/789690</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In this study, the authors examine population and housing change, changes in industrial activity and occupational changes, and characteristics of commuters and the journey to work for those working away from home in 26 regional centers and their commute sheds in Greater Minnesota.  The authors also explore ways in which Public Use Microdata Samples (PUMS) and Public Use Microdata Areas (PUMAs) might be exploited to shed additional insight into the changing nature of the demographic, economic and commuting patterns that are now pervasive throughout Greater Minnesota. These data are evaluated to explore links between demographic and economic features of working-age populations, and relationships between worker and household characteristics and aspects of commuting activity on the other. The final chapter examines regional economic vitality and travel behavior across the Minnesota Countryside. When population change in sample regional centers in the 1990s is compared with change in the nearby counties that comprise the centers’ commuting fields, four situations appear: those where centers and their commuting fields both had population increases; centers with declining populations, but increases in the commuting fields; centers with growing populations, but with declines in their commuting fields; and situations where both the center and the commute field lost population.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 26 Sep 2006 11:38:54 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/789690</guid>
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      <title>Transportation Planning in Rural America: Emerging Models for Local Consultation, Regional Coordination and Rural Planning Organizations</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/778855</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In late 2005, the National Association of  Development Organizations (NADO) Research Foundation conducted a nationwide scan of the rural transportation planning and consultation practices of the nation’s 320 regional development organizations that primarily serve small metropolitan and rural regions. The project consisted of an online questionnaire for rural transportation planners and executive directors of regional development organizations, along with a comprehensive review of annual reports, Web sites, work programs and contractual agreements with state transportation agencies. This report builds on the Research Foundation’s nearly ten years of studies into the emerging and evolving partnerships between state transportation agencies and regional development organizations with respect to facilitating and enhancing the involvement of rural local government officials in statewide planning, a process best described as the "gateway" for accessing federal surface transportation funds. This report offers some preliminary insights into the impact, trends and partnerships being forged as a result of the new rural planning and consultation rules. The report examines why regional development organizations have emerged as a valued and trusted partner for state transportation officials as they strive to implement the new federal guidelines. More importantly, the report sheds new light on the growing network of Rural Planning Organizations being created and staffed by regional development organizations with the support of state and local officials, along with case studies that showcase the activities and results of these regional planning entities. Modes of transportation covered include highways, public transit, railroads and air travel.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 28 Apr 2006 08:10:48 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/778855</guid>
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      <title>HOUSING AND JOURNEY TO WORK: THE PATTERNS OF RURAL FAMILIES IN MONROE COUNTY.</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/624079</link>
      <description><![CDATA[No abstract provided.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 06 Nov 2002 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/624079</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>NETWORKS, AGENCY AND (DE)STABILIZATION: THE ISSUE OF NAVIGATION ON THE RIVER WYE, UK</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/652192</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This article assesses the manner in which an actor network presiding over the River Wye has stabilized through accepting a particular view on the issue of navigation. The article also provides an account of how the network was challenged by a dissonant actor who, through reviving an old company, developed a counter network. It is argued that network stabilization is a form of consensus-building and it is contended that the way in which an issue is defined is crucial in terms of the successful enrollment of actors. The authors illustrate some of the conflicts and complexities encountered in resource planning, suggesting that research of this nature should trace actors back through time and space if dynamics between actors involved in rural planning and management are to be effectively understood.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 03 Apr 2000 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/652192</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>THE STATE OF TRANSPORTATION IN RURAL AMERICA</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/651023</link>
      <description><![CDATA[America's transportation network is a significant component of the rural economy, providing rural residents access to jobs and services and enhancing the movement of commercial products. The transportation network in nonmetropolitan areas of the U.S. is, however, in a state of disrepair. Not only is the physical infrastructure in need of overhaul, but the system will also require many technological changes in order to be satisfactorily modernized. This article provides an overview of the various sectors of the rural U.S. transportation infrastructure network; such as roads and bridges, passenger rail, air service, intercity bus service, local public transit, rural freight rail, and inland waterways; and describes how each sector has experienced infrastructure decline and how this decline affects rural populations. Federal transportation policy issues affecting rural America are also discussed. Balancing the need to upgrade and expand the rural transportation infrastructure with pressures to downsize government will continue to be a major challenge facing rural America.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 06 Mar 2000 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/651023</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>BLACK MIGRATION: EXODUS VIA OVERGROUND RAILROAD: ILLINOIS CENTRAL'S ROLE IN THE GREAT MIGRATION.</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/582032</link>
      <description><![CDATA[No abstract provided.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 29 Apr 1999 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/582032</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>RURAL RESIDENTS ENGAGE IN LESS RECREATIONAL TRAVEL..</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/634328</link>
      <description><![CDATA[No abstract provided.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 20 Mar 1997 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/634328</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>WESTERN ENERGY DEVELOPMENT AS A TYPE OF RURAL INDUSTRIALIZATION: A PARTIALLY ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY.</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/630958</link>
      <description><![CDATA[No abstract provided.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 24 Feb 1997 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/630958</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>RURAL POVERTY &amp; RURAL HOUSING: A BIBLIOGRAPHY.</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/629923</link>
      <description><![CDATA[No abstract provided.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 02 Dec 1996 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/629923</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>THE START OF A RENAISSANCE FOR RURAL RAILWAYS IN EUROPE?</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/468122</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Rural railways in virtually every part of Europe are facing difficulties, but also opportunities.  While in most countries governments, backed by European Union funds, are supporting investment in high-speed rail, many rural railways have been starved of investment and some services have been withdrawn. Conventional wisdom say that there is no role for railways in serving low population density rural areas.  Fortunately, such wisdom is being challenged, and rural railways in many areas are starting to enjoy a revival, thanks to the close involvement of local and regional government.  Rural railways are necessary for the economic, social, and environmental health of rural communities, but their potential will not be met without the application of innovative strategies which will help guarantee their future.  No single body is capable of turning round the fortunes of rural railways: it requires a partnership between rail operators, local and regional authorities, businesses, community groups, and other agencies active at the local and regional level.  This article continues on the discussion of rural railways and their revival.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 07 Nov 1996 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/468122</guid>
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