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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
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    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <item>
      <title>AIDS TO NAVIGATION PRINCIPAL FINDINGS REPORT: VALIDATION FOR A SIMULATOR-BASED DESIGN PROJECT</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/394371</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This report describes the validation of a marine simulator developed at Ship Analytics, Inc., North Stonington, CT by comparing performance data collected at sea with performance data collected on the simulator. Ships were tracked electronically at sea and other data were collected manually in Chesapeake Bay--in the approach to Baltimore, MD, and Narragansett Bay--in the approach to Providence., RI. The conditions observed in these restricted waterways were modeled on the simulator, and pilot performance was compared. This evaluation identifies the strengths and limitations of the simulator and the need for possible adjustments.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 21 Jul 2002 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/394371</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>AIDS TO NAVIGATION SRA SUPPLEMENTAL EXPERIMENT PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: PERFORMANCE OF SHORT RANGE AIDS UNDER VARIED SHIPHANDLING CONDITIONS, INTERIM REPORT</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/394372</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This report describes an experiment planned as a component of the U.S.  Coast Guard's Performance of Aids to Navigation Systems Project, Addendum. The purpose of this experiment was to supplement the visual experimental data that were used to develop the SRA/RA (Short Range Aids) manual and to further extend it. The variables evaluated in this experiment include: ship size (30,000, 52,000 or 80,000 dwt vessel); ship speed; channel width; buoy arrangement; lighting conditions--day or night; and design environmental conditions of wind, current, and underkeel clearance. The data evaluated in this report will be used to modify the Draft SRA/RA Systems Manual for Restricted Waterways.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 21 Jul 2002 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/394372</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>AIDS TO NAVIGATION SYSTEMS AND MEETING TRAFFIC: INTERIM REPORT</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/392041</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The research reported here is part of the United States Coast Guard's Performance of Aids to Navigation (AN) Systems Project. The objective of the project is to provide guidelines for evaluation and design of AN systems in restricted waterways. The major effort has been the simulator evaluation of aid systems under a variety of conditions. This experiment was designed to evaluate aid arrangements, identified as versatile and high-performing in a variety of situations, in their support of meeting traffic. The data provide a realistic-to-conservative estimate of the risk of collision when large ships meet in narrow channels. The simulation included a realistic view of the traffic ship, bank and ship interaction efforts, and unpredictability as to the track on which the traffic ship approached.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 21 Jul 2002 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/392041</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>DRAFT SRA/RA SYSTEMS DESIGN MANUAL FOR RESTRICTED WATERWAYS, INTERIM REPORT</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/388398</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The Aids-to-Navigation Systems Study Phase 2, conducted for the U.S. Coast Guard by Eclectech Associates, Incorporated, resulted in this "Draft SRA/RA Systems Design Manual for Restricted Waterways." This manual has been written to support aid to navigation system design and maintenance functions performed at the District Office. In Section 1, the procedure presented applies the findings of the project to the specific problem of assigning priorities for the maintenance of individual aids when resources are limited. In Section 2, the procedure presented relates channel or harbor conditions to the aid to navigation systems needed to provide adequate performance. In Section 3, instructions and piloting performance data are provided for design methods which seek to "manage" the risk of accidents. A second approach described is to design AN systems while considering the cost tradeoff between providing an aid to navigation system versus the value of the increased safety.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 21 Jul 2002 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/388398</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>AIDS TO NAVIGATION PRINCIPAL FINDINGS REPORT: IMPLEMENTATION AS A TEST OF DRAFT DESIGN MANUAL, INTERIM REPORT</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/393133</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The research reported here is a part of the U.S. Coast Guard's Performance of Aids to Navigation (AN) Systems Project. The objective of this project is to provide guidelines for the evaluation and design of AN systems in restricted waterways. Performance data available at an interim point in 1982 were used to develop the Draft SRA/RA (Short Range Aids) Systems Design Manual for Restricted Waterways. This report describes the implementation of the draft manual at sea. Implementation tested the recommendations contained in the manual by applying them to an actual waterway where the markings did not conform to the manual's simulator-based research findings, by making changes in the aid markings and by evaluating the contribution the changes made in shiphandling performance and safety.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 21 Jul 2002 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/393133</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>AN EMPIRICAL FORMULA TO ESTIMATE THE RESISTANCE OF A CONVOY IN A RESTRICTED WATERWAY</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/480034</link>
      <description><![CDATA[An examination of the literature produced very few references related to the subject of estimating the resistance of a convoy navigating in a waterway of limited cross section.  This paper reports the findings of one such study.  A polynomial is presented for evaluating the total resistance of a convoy moving in a restricted waterway.  The resistance was found to depend on Froude number and on the relative dimensions (length, width and depth) between the convoy and the channel.   The results obtained by the suggested polynomial are compared with those obtained by the other three existing empirical methods.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 27 Mar 1997 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/480034</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF BANK EFFECTS ON FULL FORM SHIP MODELS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/480718</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Results of captive model test series carried out with full form ship models in restricted waters in a towing tank are analyzed.  Two situations were considered: a bulk carrier in parallel course with a vertical wall, and a panamax bulk carrier in a canal with sloping banks.  The following parameters were varied during the tests: water depth, ship-bank distance, ship speed, propeller rpm, rudder angle, and drift angle.  The influence of these parameters on lateral force and yawing moment is discussed.  Also, the effect on longitudinal force is taken into consideration.  The experimental results are compared with published empirical equations.  Finally discussed is whether extension of such methods for parameters like rudder action and drift is required in order to approximate bank-induced effects in the mathematical model of ship manoeuvring simulators in a more reliable way.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 27 Mar 1997 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/480718</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>EXPERIMENTAL DETERMINATION AND MODELLING OF RESTRICTED WATER EFFECTS ON BULK CARRIERS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/480967</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Systematic captive motion tests on scale models of Panamax bulk carriers of three different sizes were performed for open shallow water at 10% under keel clearance, in a trapezoidal standard cross section of a canal with 27% blockage of the models by multi- harmonic test runs was developed.  The models were used for an evaluation of the influence of ship length by fast-time simulation.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 27 Mar 1997 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/480967</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>HYDRODYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF A SHIP COLLISION ACCIDENT: A TRIPLE-PLAY SCENARIO</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/480969</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A hydrodynamics-based analysis and computer simulation is applied to explain the technical basis for various ship movements and their interactions for three different vessels in the Houston Ship Channel in Texas, U.S.A.  The resulting ship collision accident, following different overtaking and meeting manoeuvres, is illustrated by calculated ship trajectories based upon use of hydrodynamic interaction theory applied within the computer simulation procedure.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 27 Mar 1997 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/480969</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>THE EFFECT OF HEADING ANGLE ON SHIP MANOEUVRING IN CONFINED WATER</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/456756</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Slender ship theory is a method of calculating a ship manoeuvring in confined water.  In this theory, the fluid field around a ship hull is separated into the inner region and outer region and the velocity potential is obtained by matching the boundary of both regions.  The hydrodynamic force acting on the ship hull also varies, while the ship's heading angle changes.  Therefore the effect of the heading angle must be considered in the simulation.  In this paper, calculation of the fluid force based on slender ship theory is described.  Ship motion is simulated with and without the effect of the heading angle.  It is shown that without the effect of the heading angle the fluid force calculated is smaller than with the heading angle.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 27 Mar 1996 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/456756</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>METHODS OF WATERWAY AND SHIP PARAMETERS OPTIMIZATION, THEIR LIMITATIONS AND CRITERIA</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/456948</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The paper describes methods of marine traffic engineering used in restricted areas, their credibility depends mainly on criteria and limitation used.  To determine the parameters of waterways, a number of simulation optimization methods have been applied depending upon area type, mainly fairways, turning basins and harbour basins.  The method of ship parameters optimization, in turn, is concerned only with ships which in ports manoeuvre by themselves, such as sea ferries or river/channel ferries, designed for specific ports.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 27 Mar 1996 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/456948</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>ON THE IMPROVEMENT OF SHIP MANOEUVRING SIMULATION IN RESTRICTED WATERS BY MEANS OF CAPTIVE MODEL TEST</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/457003</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Possibilities for improving the mathematical model of a ship manoeuvring simulator, based on results of captive motion tests with ship models are discussed.  Most topics concern simulation of manoeuvres in rather extreme conditions, such as very shallow water, harbour manoeuvres, and effects duet to lateral restrictions of the navigational area.  For validation of mathematical models, a technique based on captive model tests is also proposed.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 27 Mar 1996 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/457003</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>ONE-DIMENSIONAL UNSTEADY FLOW CAUSED BY SHIP MOVING WITH VARYING SPEED IN RESTRICTED COURSE AND WATERWAYS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/431219</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The engineering background of this paper is the project of an elevator for a ship crossing over a dam of the Yangtze Gorges. The elevator has a box for loading water and ships.  While the ship is moving in the box with varying speed, the variations of water level in the box, water moment acting on the box and the least clearance between the ship bottom and the box are concerned.  The water levels on both sides of the box gate may be different, it is also under consideration.  The above problems are turned into two partial differential equations, i.e. a continuity equation and a one-dimensional unsteady Bernoulli equation.  This paper gives the solution of the simultaneous equations under the corresponding boundary and initial conditions by the finite difference method.  The results compared with the experiments are reasonable.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 14 Aug 1995 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/431219</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>HIGH SPEED IN RESTRICTED WATER-DEPTH</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/431225</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Theoretical wave patterns based on the linearised potential theory for restricted water-depths were calculated by means of INUID s-201 displacement bodies.  A 3D solution is derived for critical/subcritical speeds.  Numerical results were confirmed by model tests in a towing tank of the Research Institute for River Vessel Construction in Duisburg which included measurements of resistance, trim, wave formation and water surface deformation along the model and pressure variation at the bottom of the tank.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 14 Aug 1995 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/431225</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>SOME EXPERIMENTS ON MANOEUVRING HYDRODYNAMIC FORCES IN LOW SPEED CONDITION</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/432603</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In order to provide basic data needed to predict harbour manoeuvring motions, we carried out captive model tests in the wide range of drift angle and turning rate by employing a tanker-type ship.  The tests conducted in the present study consist of Circular Motion Tests, tests using propeller-rudder system without the ship body, and propeller open tests.  This report gives experimental results concerning characteristics of hydrodynamic forces acting on the ship hull, interaction effect between the propeller and the rudder, and open water characteristics of the propeller with large drift angle.  As a result, it is clarified that flow-straightening effect of hull and propeller, and increase of rudder inflow velocity due to propeller working do not change notably with magnitude of the manoeuvring motions.  Furthermore, an attempt is made to predict thrust of the propeller having a large drift angle by applying Glauert's hypothesis belonging to aerodynamics of e helicopter rotor with forward speed.  The method mentioned above gives good agreement with the experimental results for the thrust of the propeller in free stream.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 14 Aug 1995 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/432603</guid>
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