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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
    <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <item>
      <title>EXPLORATION FOR AGGREGATES, TEXAS NE GULF COAST</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/266847</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The report gives the results of a research project undertaken to locate sources of base course materials in the Gulf Coastal regions of Texas.  The sites that were found are used as case studies to illustrate the principles of exploration for each of the different types of aggregate that were found, including sandstones, river gravels, and high gravels.  The exploration always starts on a broad scale using maps, aerial photographs, and color-infrared images to delineate areas with a high potential for producing aggregates.  The forms and shades of color that these deposits take on are different in wet, east Texas than they are in dry, southwest Texas.  A more refined invstigation is undertaken in the more promising areas using either seismic or resistivity techniques are explained so that the way they operate can be easily understood and put into practice.  The final steop in the exploration process is an actual drilling, coring, sampling, and testing program which will prove out the deposit.  This report does not contain sufficient detail to provide a strong working knowledge of some of the remote sensing methods. However, the references necessary to gain this working knowledge are included in this text.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 27 Aug 2004 21:13:15 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/266847</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>RESISTIVITY METHOD FOR LOCATION OF SAND AND GRAVEL</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/121198</link>
      <description><![CDATA[UNDER FAVORABLE CONDITIONS, SAND AND GRAVEL OCCURRING AT MODERATE DEPTH BELOW THE FURFACE CAN BE LOCATED WITH AN EARTH RESISTIVITY METER. IN THIS PAPER SEVERAL TYPES OF AVAILABLE EQUIPMENT ARE DESCRIBED AND THEIR MODE OF OPERATION IS DISCUSSED. TWO FIELD PROCEDURES TERMED 'PROFILING' AND 'SOUNDING' ARE ALSO DISCUSSED WITH EMPHASIS ON THEIR APPLICABILITY TO LOCATE SAND AND GRAVEL DEPOSITS. EXAMPLES ARE GIVEN TO ILLUSTRATE THE APPLICATIONS AND LIMITATIONS OF THE RESISTIVITY METHOD FOR THIS PURPOSE.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 15 Aug 2004 02:38:25 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/121198</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>SUB-SURFACE SOIL EXPLORATION</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/120994</link>
      <description><![CDATA[THE USE OF GEOPHYSICAL TESTING EQUIPMENT IN ROAD CONSTRUCTION IS REPORTED, BASICALLY, THERE ARE TWO TYPES OF THESE INSTRUMENTS USED FOR SHALLOW /100 FT OR LESS/ SUBSURFACE INVESTIGATION' REFRACTION SEISMOGRAPHS AND ELECTRICAL EARTH RESISTIVITY UNITS, THE OPERATIONAL TECHNIQUES OF BOTH ARE DESCRIBED. /RRL/]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 15 Aug 2004 02:37:37 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/120994</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>SHALLOW GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION BY THE MICHIGAN DEPARTMENT OF STATE HIGHWAYS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/119077</link>
      <description><![CDATA[MICHIGAN USES THE BARNES LAYER METHOD AND MOOR CUMULATIVE CURVE METHOD OF RESISTIVITY INTERPRETATION. THE MECHANICS, APPLICATION, ADVANTAGES, AND LIMITATIONS OF EACH METHOD ARE DISCUSSED AND EXAMPLES GIVEN. THE TWO METHODS GENERALLY COMPLEMENT EACH OTHER. USE AND INTERPRETATION OF THE REFRACTION SEISMIC METHOD ARE ALSO DISCUSSED. MICHIGAN'S TWO KINDS OF RESISTIVITY INSTRUMENTS AND THEIR ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES ARE DESCRIBED. THE DEPARTMENT HAS SINGLE- AND MULTI-TRACE SEISMIC EQUIPMENT, USED FOR VARIOUS PURPOSES. A VARIETY OF BORING EQUIPMENT IS AVAILABLE FOR CORRELATION BORINGS AND SOIL AND ROCK SAMPLING. GEOPHYSICAL SURVEYS ARE CONDUCTED ON PROPOSED ROADWAY CUT SECTIONS AND BORROW AREAS, THE LATTER INCLUDING DRY AND UNDERWATER BORROW. IN ADDITION, SURVEYS ARE MADE TO AID IN SOLVING SPECIAL PROBLEMS, SUCH AS BEDROCK STRENGTH EVALUATIONS AND MATERIALS INVENTORIES FOR LAND APPRAISAL AND RIGHT-OF-WAY LITIGATIONS. /AUTHOR/]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 15 Aug 2004 02:11:43 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/119077</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>SUBSURFACE RESISTIVITY SOUNDING IN THE DELAWARE BASIN. PART 1: OPERATION AND INSTRUMENTATION</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/135841</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This report describes the operational phases of subsurface resistivity sounding in the Delaware Basin of West Texas by both magnetotellurics and artificially induced signals.  A description of the equipment and data acquisition techniques is given.  No data or results are included. /Author/]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 19 Dec 1996 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/135841</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>EXPLORATION FOR AGGREGATE, TEXAS NE GULF COAST. FINAL REPORT</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/274064</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This report gives the results of a research project undertaken to locate sources of base course materials in the Gulf Coastal regions of Texas.  The sites that were found are used as case studies to illustrate the principles of exploration for each of the different types of aggregate that were found, including sandstones, river gravels, and high gravels.  The exploration always starts on a broad scale using maps, aerial photographs, and color-infrared images to delineate areas with a high potential for producing aggregates.  The forms and shades of color that these deposits take on are different in wet, east Texas than they are in dry, southwest Texas.  A more refined investigation is undertaken in the more promising areas using either seismic or resistivity techniques to delineate the depth and extent of the deposits.  These techniques are explained so that the way they operate can be easily understood and put into practice.  The final step in the exploration process is an actual drilling, coring, sampling, and testing program which will prove out the deposit.  This report does not contain sufficient detail to provide a strong working knowledge of some of the remote sensing methods.  However, the references necessary to gain this working knowledge are included in this text.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sat, 28 Feb 1987 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/274064</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>RESISTIVITY MODELLING FOR ARBITRARILY SHAPED TWO-DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURES</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/166858</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The authors have developed a numerical technique for solving the potential three-dimensional distribution in and on the surface of a half-space with an arbitrary two-dimensional distribution of conductivity due to a one-point source of excitation.  The finite difference equations are obtained for the Poisson equations by using either discretization at one point or surface discretization.  The potential distributions for all points of the network defining the half space are obtained simultaneously for multiple sources of current located at several points.  A matrix inversion technique is used to reach a solution. (TRRL)]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sat, 15 Aug 1981 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/166858</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>COMPARISON BETWEEN SCHLUMBERGER ELECTRODE ARRANGEMENT AND SOME FOCUSED ELECTRODE ARRANGEMENTS IN RESISTIVITY PROFILES</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/166859</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The "Istituto di Geofisica Mineraria" has carried out experiments on focused electrode arrangements in situ in resistivity profiles during the investigations of underground cavities and in laboratory tests on models placed in electrolytic tanks containing cylindrical or parallelepiped bodies.  Abnormal potentials due to surface noise, assuming the surface to be a hemisphere with an equational plane coinciding with the surface of the earth, were calculated for focused arrangements.  Similar anomalies were calculated for Schlumberger arrangements.  Model tests were also used for studying focused and Schlumberger arrangements.  The results of the comparison between the two arrangements (relation between anomalies and surface noise) have shown that, generally, focused arrangements give better results even in the presence of surface noise. (TRRL)]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sat, 15 Aug 1981 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/166859</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>THEORETICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATIONS FOR CAVITY RESEARCH WITH GEOELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY METHODS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/166860</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The authors study the usefulness of geoelectrical resistivity methods for detecting cavities.  A theoretical study was conducted of the different conventional measurement arrangements, focused arrangements and special arrangements for geoelectrical investigation between two boreholes.  The detectability limits of a cylindrical cavity of given transverse section and depth was calculated for different measurement arrangements by means of apparent resistivity calculations.  Furthermore the influence of possible errors is investigated for focused systems.  Part 2 considers the apparent resistivity, the disturbing potential due to the cavity, and the normal potential of the measurement arrangement for a homogeneous terrain.  In the last part of the article, theoretical results are compared with in-situ measurements. (TRRL)]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sat, 15 Aug 1981 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/166860</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>COMPLICATED SETTING-OUT FOR BEDFORD BRIDGE</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/39463</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The article briefly describes the design of the longholme bridge which carries the bedford inner relief road over the river great ouse. The design features a horizontal and vertical curve, skew and super-elevation with varying depth of construction. The 39ft wide four-span bridge has a river span of 133ft skew length with two adjacent anchor spans of 90ft skew length. The prestressing system used was the freyssinet 12 1/2 in strand system using full-length cables of 110-120 ton/sq.in ultimate strength. The concrete used consisted of clee hill aggregate and portland cement, which, when grit-blasted, resulted in a dark greyish blue finish to suit the environmental surroundings. /TRRL/]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 24 Jul 1975 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/39463</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>TUNNELLING IN ROCK. CHAPTER 5: SITE EXPLORATION. GEOPHYSICAL METHODS, WATER AND GAS, DATA PRESENTATION</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/40409</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This second chapter on site exploration is presented under the following headings: 1 - geophysical investigations; definition of geophysics; application of geophysics in tunnelling; economics of geophysical surveys; different geophysical methods - seismic methods, resistivity methods and magnetic methods; limitations of geophysical methods; 2 - site exploration for ground water: surface reconnaissance surveys; comparison with case histories; geophysical surveys; exploratory drilling; pumping tests; chemical analyses of water; 3 - site exploration for gas; 4 - data presentation: site exploration report; geological plans; geological cross-sections; exploratory drilling results; input data for geomechanic classification.  /TRRL/]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 15 Jul 1975 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/40409</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>EVALUATION OF AN AIRBORNE RESISTIVITY MEASUREMENT SYSTEM (E-PHASE) FOR GRAVEL LOCATION</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/22452</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The scarcity of surficial gravel in certain areas caused the Saskatchewan Department of Highways to investigate geophysical methods that search to greater depths.  An airborne resistivity method (E-PHASE) was chosen as the most promising.  The E-PHASE system measures the horizontal and vertical electric components of the electrical field generated in earth by the groundwave from a radio transmitter.  The ratio of these components is a function of ground resistivity and the depth through which it applies is an inverse function of the radio frequency.  In the system used, the frequencies monitored simultaneously were standard broadcast band, low frequency air navigation band, and very low frequency communication band.  The airborne data is computer analysed to enable contour plots of apparent resistivity to be made.  From these plots, resistivity anomalies are selected for detailed ground- checking.  Evaluation of the E-PHASE system was completed in 1971 and first routine survey flying was done in 1973. Two general areas were surveyed, one where granular soils were suspected to exist between till sheets and the other in remote, heavily-treed terrain.  An excellent source, conservatively estimated at 1.5 x 10 to the 6th power t of coarse gravel, was found in the first area; several anomalies look promising in the second area but difficult accessibility has hindered groundchecking to data (August 1974).  Further development is required to set boundary conditions for economical usage but the 1973 survey has shown positively that E-PHASE can be used to find surficial and buried deposits of granular soils.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 08 Apr 1975 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/22452</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>AN INVESTIGATION OF THE MAGNETOTELLURIC METHOD FOR DETERMINING SUBSURFACE RESISTIVITIES</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/136219</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A series of micropulsation recordings was made at two locations in the Delaware Basin of West Texas. Magnetotelluric resistivity soundings have been computed from this data in the range of 0.0003 to 10.0 cps. Considerable attention is devoted to the computation techniques involved, which include power spectrum analysis, digital prewhitening and alias filtering, and decimation. Horizontally stratified earth models are derived from the data with the aid of a computer program which calculates and plots apparent resistivity and phase curves, including source dimension effect, for up to a 40 layer model, allowing 12 parameter permutations.  The models, which represent penetration depths from about 400 m to over 100 km, are compared with available geologic information. Source dimension effects are shown to be negligible for spatial wavelengths exceeding 600 km.  An anisotropy in the data is investigated with the aid of a computer program which performs a virtual rotation of the measurement axes and determines the variation with frequency of the azimuth of apparent resistivity extremes.  The source of the anisotropy seems to be in the basement rocks more than 6.4 km deep. An attempt is made to relate variation in the apparent resistivity curves to characteristics of the geofields such as polarization and diurnal effects.  Field polarization seems to have no effect on the results; nor does absolute energy level.  There may be a diurnal dependency, but too few daily cycles are sampled to verify a pattern.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 19 Dec 1974 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/136219</guid>
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