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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
    <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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      <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
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    <item>
      <title>FATIGUE AND CRACK-GROWTH ANALYSIS OF HYDROFOIL BOX BEAMS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/57385</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Fatigue and crack-growth analyses are presented for seven hydrofoil-foil structures (box beams) tested at the David W. Taylor Naval Ship Research and Development Center.  The box beams were constructed of materials and details representative of full-scale foil structures.  All box beams failed before expiration of their designed duration. Results of the analyses indicate these procedures can be used to predict failure in the box beams. Stress-concentration factors and residual stresses were assumed in the fatigue analyses.  Initial flaw sizes, based on nondestructive test techniques, were assumed in the crack-growth analyses.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 30 Jan 2004 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/57385</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>ENGINEERING ANALYSIS OF STRESSES IN RAILROAD RAILS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/171561</link>
      <description><![CDATA[One portion of the Federal Railroad Administration's (FRA) Track Performance Improvement Program is the development of engineering and analytic techniques required for the design and maintenance of railroad track of increased integrity and safety. Under the program management of Transportation Systems Center (TSC), a part of this program is to predict the reliability of rail in track. A necessary requirement for development of these techniques is the ability to determine the stress and strain history of the rails in service. This is necessary to form a more comprehensive basis for a quantitative understanding of flaw initiation and growth. This report provides a comprehensive description of stresses in rail required for predicting reliability of rail in track structures. Contained is a description of stresses encountered in cracked and uncracked railroad rails at midrail stations and bolted joints as computed using analytical techniques developed in this program.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 29 Jan 2003 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/171561</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>ULTRASONIC INSTRUMENTATION TO MEASURE HOOP STRESS IN CAST-STEEL RAILROAD WHEEL RIMS.</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/579125</link>
      <description><![CDATA[No abstract provided.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sat, 28 Sep 2002 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/579125</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>INVESTIGATION OF METHODS OF CONTROLLING AND REDUCING WELD DISTORTING IN ALUMINUM STRUCTURES</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/73677</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Several active investigations are being performed simultaneously.  They are: (1) Determination of exhaust emission data on current model production autos at 4,000 miles and 50,000 miles.  Data comparisons are made with current standards and uncontrolled vehicle emissions.  (2) Determination of idle speed short test emissions which relates to vehicle Inspection/Maintenance and includes a comparison of short test and CVS-FTP test data.  (3) An investigation to develop data on the deterioration of exhaust emission control systems especially the catalytic converter.  (4) An evaluation of alternate engine design, alternate fuels and aftermarket products to detemrine if the desired reduction of exhaust emissions levels are achieved.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 19 Jul 2001 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/73677</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>LATERAL BUCKLING STRENGTHS OF COLD-FORMED CHANNEL SECTION BEAMS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/541143</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper is concerned with the inelastic lateral buckling strengths of cold-formed channel section (CFC) beams.  Code rules for designing steel beams against lateral buckling that are based on data for hot-rolled I-section beams may be unsuitable for CFC beams, because they have different stress-strain curves, residual stresses, and initial imperfections.  Distortion may reduce the resistance of a CFC beam to lateral buckling.  In addition, because of the monosymmetry of the cross section, the effective shear center moves toward the web and the effective section becomes asymmetrical after yielding, so that a CFC beam under major axis bending is subjected to minor axis bending and twisting.  Also, the minor axis bending and warping strain distributions, and therefore the strengths of CFC beams, are related to the twist rotation and minor axis deflection directions.  This paper deals with these problems by developing an advanced finite element model to investigate the elastic lateral-distortional buckling, inelastic behavior, and strengths of CFC beams with residual stresses and initial imperfections. The results are used to develop improved design rules for CFC beams.  The effects of moment distribution and load height on the strengths are also studied.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 06 Nov 1998 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/541143</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>SECTION CAPACITY OF THIN-WALLED I-SECTION BEAM-COLUMNS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/485936</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper describes two series of tests performed on slender I-sections fabricated from high-strength steel plates by welding. Eight tests were conducted on each series.  The objectives of the test program were to determine the section capacities and the shape of the interaction curves for two slender I-sections subjected to compression and major axis bending and to compare the results with design strength predictions by codes of practice.  The study focused on the shape of the interaction curves and whether the curves used in the main codes of practice, which are largely based on compact or semicompact cross sections, are also applicable to slender cross sections.  Generally, the design axial and bending section capacities predicted by the main codes of practice were conservative, as were the design interaction curves.  The experimental interaction curves were close to linear for both test series.  This is in agreement with the design interaction curves given by the Australian, British, and European specifications for steel structures.  However, the use of a bilinear interaction curve, as stipulated in the American specification, was not evident in the test results.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 05 May 1998 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/485936</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>PROCEEDINGS OF THE FAA-NASA SYMPOSIUM ON THE CONTINUED AIRWORTHINESS OF AIRCRAFT STRUCTURES: FAA CENTER OF EXCELLENCE IN COMPUTATIONAL MODELING OF AIRCRAFT STRUCTURES, ATLANTA, GEORGIA, AUGUST 28-30, 1996..</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/567855</link>
      <description><![CDATA[No abstract provided.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 20 Feb 1998 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/567855</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>ANISOTROPIC MODELING OF GRANULAR BASES IN FLEXIBLE PAVEMENTS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/577383</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A new cross-anisotropic model is proposed to predict the performance of granular bases in flexible pavements.  A cross-anisotropic representation has different material properties (i.e., elastic modulus and Poisson's ratio) assigned in the horizontal and vertical directions.  Repeated-load triaxial tests with vertical and lateral deformation measurements can be used to establish these anisotropic properties.  Simple stress-dependent granular material models, obtained from analysis of the laboratory test data, are used in a nonlinear finite element program, named GT-PAVE, to predict pavement responses.  The horizontal and shear stiffnesses are typically found to be less than the vertical.  The nonlinear anisotropic approach is shown to account effectively for the dilative behavior observed under the wheel load and the effects of compaction-induced residual stresses.  The main advantage of using a cross-anisotropic model in the base is the drastic reduction or elimination of significant tensile stresses generally predicted by isotropic linear elastic layered programs.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 20 Oct 1997 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/577383</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>SURFACE CRACKING OF ASPHALT MIXTURES IN SOUTHERN AFRICA (WITH DISCUSSION)</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/575959</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Since the latter half of the sixties, gap-graded and semigap-graded asphalt has been used extensively throughout South Africa with the exception of the Cape Province where continuously graded asphalt is still frequently used.  It had been found that gap-graded asphalt was superior to continuously graded mixes with respect to fatigue.  The occurrence of surface cracks in the asphalt was therefore unexpected and the behavioral pattern of the asphalt of those projects where cracks were manifested was different from that predicted during the design stages.  This paper gives details of field, laboratory and analytical studies that were carried out over a number of years.  Both load- and non-load-associated factors were found to contribute towards the problem.  Field studies included analysis of a full scale load test, surveys of pavement condition and determination of material characteristics, particularly the viscosity behavior.  It was concluded that distress occurs when the structural response in terms of deflection and curvature as well as the viscosity of the aged binder exceeds specific limits.  Laboratory studies were done to determine the aging characteristics of asphalt.  By using accelerated aging tests, it was found that the widely used gap- and semigap-graded type of asphalt may require special protective measures to prevent cracking due to the aggressive environment in parts of Southern Africa.  The problem is further complicated by secondary stresses and strains.  Residual stresses resulting from elasto-plastic behavior of the pavement materials may cause fatigue cracks to develop in the surface of the asphalt depending upon the pavement material characteristics and structure.  Furthermore, thermal effects, which have until now been ignored, were also found to have the potential to cause surface cracking.  This stems from the interaction between thermal and load stresses upon aged asphalt.  Interim guidelines are presented for improved design and pavement management procedures.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 04 Aug 1997 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/575959</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>SHAKEDOWN OF SUBGRADE SOIL UNDER REPEATED LOADING</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/470045</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A new model for predicting the performance of a subgrade during soil compaction by rollers as a function of contact pressure and the strength characteristics of soils was developed.  The model can be used to develop improved methods of pavement design, considering that the accumulation of plastic strains may continue under additional load repetitions or may cease to increase with time, indicating adaptation or shakedown conditions.  To develop the mechanistic model of a subgrade, the homogeneous semi-infinite elastoplastic half-space under repeated loading was considered.  By using a Mohr-Coulomb failure criterion, the boundary loads for which shakedown conditions or the steady state will be attained were determined. The residual horizontal normal stresses in the half-space were calculated and were shown to be in agreement with the measured distribution with depth.  The theoretical and experimental results as they apply to soil compaction and pavement design problems are discussed.  The required compaction contact pressure and the thickness of the compacted zone are estimated. The structural pavement design approach, considering residual normal stresses in a subgrade, is presented.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 03 Feb 1997 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/470045</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>DYNAMIC MODELING AND RESPONSE OF SOIL-WALL SYSTEMS. DISCUSSION AND CLOSURE</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/464415</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A discussion of a paper with the aforementioned title by Veletsos and Younan, published in this journal (Volume 120, Number 12, December 1994), is presented.  The authors improve existing methods for determining dynamic soil pressures on retaining walls using the model of a vertical flexible beam retaining an elastic stratum.  Discusser Stamatopoulos focuses on the shortcomings of elastic theory, and thus also, the model proposed by the authors for predicting earthquake-induced pressures on walls retaining dry soil.  Discussion is followed by closure from the authors.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 26 Sep 1996 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/464415</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>PROCESS OPERATIONAL GUIDE FOR NARROW-GAP IMPROVED ELECTROSLAG WELDING</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/460915</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) sponsored a number of research and development (R&D) programs to improve electroslag welding (ESW) technology in the 1980s.  As a result of this research, a new Narrow-Gap Improved Electroslag Welding (NGI ESW) process was developed by the Oregon Graduate Institute of Science and Technology (OGI) in Beaverton, Oregon.  The results of the OGI research are described in FHWA Report No. FHWA-RD-87-026, "Improved Fracture Toughness and Fatigue Characteristics of Electroslag Welds", published in October 1987.  This process operational guide is prepared for welders, operators, inspectors, and supervisors involved in fabrication of bridge components using NGI ESW.  The document contains technical information needed for understanding and using the NGI ESW procedure and is based on FHWA Report No. FHWA-RD-87-026, other FHWA and OGI reports, and best industrial ESW practice. The document provides descriptions of standard and NGI ESW processes, and discusses the role of welding variables, the main factors affecting cost of ESW, residual stresses and distortion, imperfections and their causes, inspection and nondestructive test methods, repair, and safety in NGI ESW.  The document is designed to benefit not only state departments of transportation and steel bridge fabricators, but also inspection agencies, manufacturers of welding consumables and equipment, steel mills, and other heavy fabricators.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 17 Sep 1996 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/460915</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>APPLICATION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC-ACOUSTIC TRANSDUCERS FOR NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION OF STRESSES IN STEEL BRIDGE STRUCTURES</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/460848</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This report presents the results of a study to (1) assess the applicability of electromagnetic-acoustic transducers for nondestructive evaluation of stresses in bridge structures and (2) evaluate the new ultrasonic instruments as an effective technique for stress surveys in bridge structures.  Field tests were performed on two bridges, one a simply supported design and the other an integral backwall bridge.  Residual stress measurements were made on a vertical scanline in the web at midspan of a simply-supported bridge.  Live load measurements were made by determining the normalized change in arrival times of surface waves propagating between two transducers mounted on the bottom flange.  Good agreement between strain gage and ultrasonic data was obtained, both for the time-history of strain and also for the equivalent stress range.  The ultrasonic equipment for live load measurements is portable and easily installed.  Unlike strain gage installation, ultrasonic measurements could be made without paint removal.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 05 Sep 1996 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/460848</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>EFFECTS OF STIFFENER/RIB SEPARATION ON DAMAGE GROWTH AND RESIDUAL STRENGTH.</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/523154</link>
      <description><![CDATA[No abstract provided.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 23 Aug 1996 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/523154</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>STRUCTURAL INTEGRITY EVALUATION OF THE LEAR FAN 2100 AIRCRAFT.</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/523170</link>
      <description><![CDATA[No abstract provided.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 23 Aug 1996 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/523170</guid>
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