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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
    <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
    <atom:link href="https://trid.trb.org/Record/RSS?s=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" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml" />
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    <language>en-us</language>
    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
    <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
    <image>
      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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      <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
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    <item>
      <title>An analysis of the natural gas production supply chain in the Permian Basin using Goldratt's theory of constraints</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2539871</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A theory of constraints (TOC) model of supply-chain capacity and its limiting effect on natural gas production capacity coming from the Permian Basin is developed and presented. The authors use the model to better understand production capacity limitations and to explore the possible impediments that may be preventing the capacity of the Permian Basin from increasing. From this model numerous suggestions (solutions, injections) are made as to how to alleviate the impediments related to the extraction, transport, refining and distribution of natural gas coming out of the Permian Basin. Major issues associated with the Permian Basin are addressed namely the flaring of natural gas and the leakage of methane from dormant and abandoned wells. One purpose of the model is to foster a basic appreciation for the different lead times and fixed costs associated with capacity expansion of the various supply chain components.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 22 May 2025 09:38:13 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2539871</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Global Review of Carbon Capture and Sequestration with Case Studies in Asphalt Binder Producing Oil Refining Industry</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2516636</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The production of asphalt binder is a notable source of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions owing to the energy-intensive characteristics of the process and its dependency on fossil fuels. The purpose of this comprehensive review is to examine various methodologies, scholarly literature, and real time cases to offer insights into the effectiveness of carbon sequestration strategies on a global scale. This study investigates the global interest in Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) technology. This study shows that the Americas, particularly North America, continues to maintain a leading position globally in the deployment of CCS with major progress in both policy and technology. This study also highlights six case studies conducted in diverse geographical regions, effectively illustrating the successful implementation of carbon sequestration techniques in the field of oil refining industries, a primary source of asphalt binder. This study enhances comprehension of CCS in the oil refining industry and facilitates the widespread adoption of carbon sequestration techniques in the construction of asphalt pavement, therefore promoting the development of sustainable pavement. The study promotes for active involvement from researchers and industry practitioners in integrating carbon sequestration methodologies.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 08 May 2025 09:56:02 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2516636</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Towards the high RAP dosage obtained by refined processing influence on comprehensive performance of recycled asphalt mixture</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2451779</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The severe agglomeration of Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP) particles not only leads to high gradation variability during recycling, but also impedes the miscibility between new-old binders. This phenomenon imposes significant limitations on maximizing the utilization of RAP with high content and value. This paper first realized the effective separation of asphalt milling material by the self-developed RAP refined processing equipment to obtain coarse RAP with low binder content and fine RAP with high binder content. The fine RAP with high binder content underwent a deep rejuvenation process, and the recovery efficiency of the asphalt mortar was evaluated by CT scanning test, microscope observation test, and dynamic shear rheology test. Moreover, to investigate the strength formation characteristics of recycled asphalt mixtures with high RAP content, specific tests including wheel tracking test, three-point bending test, Hamburg Wheel Tracking test, dynamic modulus test, and two-point bending fatigue test, were conducted. By using the refined processing equipment, the asphalt film on the RAP can be precisely removed, thereby addressing the issue of aged binder agglomeration. In the coarse RAP with low binder content, the binder content was reduced to 1.48 %, allowing it to be used as a direct substitute for new aggregate, whereas the binder content of fine RAP exceeded 10 %. It was found that the direct incorporation of unrefined RAP enhanced the high-temperature stability and dynamic modulus of recycled asphalt mixture, but impacted their low-temperature cracking resistance, moisture stability, and fatigue performance. After refined processing and differentiated recycling design, the agglomeration of aged binder was reduced and the miscibility of new-old binders was improved, effectively enhancing the comprehensive performance of the recycled asphalt mixture. It should be noted that the mixing homogeneity and miscibility decrease as the RAP content exceeds 75 %, resulting in the reduction of moisture stability, cracking resistance, and fatigue performance of recycled asphalt mixture.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 27 Nov 2024 13:42:29 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2451779</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>A Stochastic Location-Inventory Problem in Refined Oil Distribution Systems</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2281775</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Refined oil distribution is an important issue in real-life. To optimize the refined oil distribution system, a stochastic model for the combined location-inventory problem (LIP) in a single-product multi-depot oil distribution system is developed. And a heuristics algorithm is presented to solve the model. Finally, an example is given to illustrate the validity of the model and algorithm.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 21 Mar 2024 11:02:22 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2281775</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Cloud Point Depressants and their Effect on Diesel Fuel Properties</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1782270</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Many marketers of branded diesel fuels are introducing a “premium” diesel fuel grade. The National Conference on Weights and Measures is recommending that one of the criteria for marketing a fuel as “premium” is that it have a lower cloud point or alternatively a reduced low temperature flow test (LTFT) failure point [1]. However, waxy crudes and process limitations make it difficult for refiners to economically make very low cloud point diesel fuel. Fortunately, cloud point depressants (CPDs) can overcome these limitations. However, refiners are concerned about the effect cloud point additives have on other diesel fuel properties. The authors found that cloud point depressants allow refiners to meet low temperature specifications while being neutral or beneficial to other diesel fuel properties.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 07 Feb 2024 16:52:59 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1782270</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Experimental Study to Re-refine Aged Binder Using Water</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1973761</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In Japan, asphalt pavement waste is recycled about 99%, of which about 60% is utilized as a hot recycled mixture. However, conventional technology does not guarantee the quality of repeatedly recycled pavement. In the future, it is essential to establish sustainable recycling technology for asphalt pavement waste. Based on above, we are working on developing reconstruction technology that can separate aggregate and aged binder in waste materials and restore the separated material to its original state. We confirmed that aggregate separated and recycled by the hot water rubbing method can be maintained and used in the same way as with virgin aggregate, in previous study. This study attempted to recycle asphalt using water with a focus on solvent characteristics of high-temperature and high-pressure water. As a result, hydrothermal decomposition technology utilizing high-temperature and high-pressure water reduced the molecular weight and oxidation degree in aged binder and confirmed to re-refined to near chemical properties and physical properties of virgin asphalt.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 25 Oct 2023 16:57:34 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1973761</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Roadside vegetated filter strips to simultaneously lower stormwater pollution loadings and improve economics of biorefinery feedstocks</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2265364</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Roadside vegetated filters strips (VFSs) reduce roadway runoff pollution by intercepting stormwater and reducing pollutant loads. VFS maintenance and operating costs can be reduced by designing the VFSs to serve as sites for production of marketable biomass. This biomass can provide feedstock for the emerging bioeconomy producing renewable fuels and biobased chemicals and products. Economic evaluation is needed to quantify the benefit of combining VFS with bioenergy biomass production. This evaluation requires a place-based approach to quantify availability of land, transportation costs, and benefits to sensitive habitats. The authors evaluated roadside land, within the state right-of-way, in Western Washington, to determine the total area available for implementing VFSs. These data were then used to estimate the volume and cost, of biomass produced on the filter strips, and the resultant reduction in pollutants emitted through highway runoff. The analysis showed that up to 5600 ha were available for roadside VFSs that would be within transportation distance of the theoretical biorefinery location. This space could produce up to 97 dry Gg per year of poplar biomass. The resulting reduction in biorefinery feedstock cost was up to $24 per dry Mg compared to biomass from dedicated tree farms. The results showed that combining roadside poplar with traditional dedicated poplar feedstocks can reduce the feedstock cost of the biorefinery from $76 to $67 per Mg for a biorefinery processing 150 Gg biomass per year. Environmental impact analysis showed that within the study area half of urban roadways and one-third of rural roadways in highly sensitive aquatic areas were amenable to VFS. Construction of VFS in these amenable areas would reduce total loadings to sensitive aquatic areas in urban areas by 26% for TSS, copper, and zinc, and by 10% for phosphorus, and nitrogen and by 21% for lead. The impact for rural sensitive areas was even greater where the VFS had potential to reduce total loadings to sensitive aquatic areas by 38% for TSS, copper, and zinc, by 15% for phosphorus and nitrogen, and by 31% for lead. This research showed an approach combining geographic information system (GIS) mapping and economic analysis to document simultaneous evaluation of cost and environmental benefits when considering use of non-traditional land for bioenergy crop production.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 24 Oct 2023 09:36:18 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2265364</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Optimization of SFCC as Mineral Filler in Asphalt–Concrete Mixture Using Combined Methods of Taguchi and PCA</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1945578</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Spent fluid catalytic cracking (SFCC) is an industrial waste from oil refineries that is increasing nonstop in Vietnam and many places globally, and needs to be recycled. However, SFCC has various compositions depending on the fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) types and additives in the petroleum-refining industry. Thus, an experimental optimization procedure is needed to find the optimum addition of SFCC as a filler powder for asphalt–concrete mixtures. For this requirement, the study objective was an optimization procedure based on Taguchi parameter design employing an MMDC parameter. MMDC, developed using a robust multivariate statistical method called principal component analysis (PCA), is a representative parameter of required performance quality proposed by the Marshall mixture design. The Marshall mixture design was used to verify the asphalt–concrete mixture in which SFCC filler partly replaced traditional limestone (LS) filler. The effect of LS filler rate on mixture characteristics was used to determine the required range of values of MMDC. Also, Marshall characteristics based on various SFCC filler rates verified the optimum methodology result. The confirmation experiment results showed that the approach could find an optimum case with advantages in reducing asphalt binder content in the mixture and the number of specimens in the laboratory. Furthermore, the experimental results indicated that SFCC filler could enhance the Marshall characteristics of an asphalt–concrete mixture.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 27 Jun 2022 17:16:30 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1945578</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Quantification of re-refined engine oil bottoms (REOB) in asphalt binder using ATR-FTIR spectroscopy associated with partial least squares (PLS) regression</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1926927</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Re-refined Engine Oil Bottoms (REOB) has been used in recycled asphalt materials for flexible pavements in recent decade, due to its effects on softening aged binder and relatively low cost. However, concerns on the pavement performance of those materials including REOB in asphalt binders have been reported and linked to the use of REOB. Consequently, methods for detecting and quantifying REOB in asphalt binders have seen increased interest to control the use of these recycled oils. This study is for the first time to introduce the use of the Partial Least Squares (PLS) regression in Attenuated Total Reflection-Flourier Transformed Infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy analysis of asphalt binders for determining REOB content. The PLS regression analysis gives the advantage of using the whole ATR-FTIR spectroscopy of REOB blends. The results show that an accurate prediction model can be derived by using the PLS regression analysis on the ATR-FTIR spectra of REOB blends.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 11 Apr 2022 10:46:39 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1926927</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Evaluation of potential applicability of modified solvent deasphalted residue as an asphalt crack sealant</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1919026</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Solvent deasphalted (SDA) residue is produced from the solvent deasphalting process, one of the heavy oil refining processes, and is considered to be more difficult to form or process because more oil is removed than asphalt used as a bituminous material for road pavement. In this study, to evaluate the applicability of the SDA residue as a crack sealant, it was modified with oil, crumb rubber, and SBS copolymer, investigated cone penetration, softening point, resilience, asphalt compatibility, and bond test at low-temperature. The various tests conclude that SBS copolymer and crumb rubber improved the elasticity of the SDA residue, and the addition of oil caused ductile behaviour. By adjusting the proportions of the additives, SDA residue-based sealant has been produced that meets the requirements, indicating that the SDA residue could be used as a crack sealant.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 24 Mar 2022 17:26:18 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1919026</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>A Case Study in Structural Optimization of an Automotive Body-In-White Design</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1815489</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A process for simultaneously optimizing the mechanical performance and minimizing the weight of an automotive body-in-white will be developed herein. The process begins with appropriate load path definition though calculation of an optimized topology. Load paths are then converted to sheet metal, and initial critical cross sections are sized and shaped based on packaging, engineering judgment, and stress and stiffness approximations. As a general direction of design, section requirements are based on an overall vehicle “design for stiffness first” philosophy. Design for impact and durability requirements, which generally call for strength rather than stiffness, are then addressed by judicious application of the most recently developed automotive grade advanced high strength steels. Sheet metal gages, including tailored blanks design, are selected via experience and topometry optimization studies. Full-vehicle CAE analysis of the stiffness, durability and impact performance are then used to further refine the sheet metal design. In the next round of iteration, individual components of the body-in-white, such as the shock towers, are optimized using the aforementioned optimization tools and process. In all, using a generic mid-sized SUV body as a test case, it is demonstrated that in using this process, there exists the opportunity to reliably reduce the mass of a body-in-white structure by between 6 and 15 percent while still meeting stiffness, durability and impact goals.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 09 Dec 2021 10:33:16 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1815489</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Pulp Mill Integration With Alcohol-to-Jet Conversion Technology</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1868895</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This study examines the integration of commercial liquid fuels production from biomass using the alcohol-to-jet pathway into a conventional kraft pulp mill operation. Mill assets including feed handling and supply chain infrastructure, power and recovery systems, and potential equipment retrofitting opportunities are utilized by a fuel production unit through lignocellulosic ethanol fermentation and alcohol-to-jet processing. Potential economic benefits of integrating the energy recovery system (recovery boiler) of the pulp mill with the biomass pretreatment systems are evaluated through energy and mass balances of the integrated facility. Process variations explored within this model include the use of hemicellulose pre-extraction or black liquor fractionation, modifications to digester operations and the scale of a mill retrofitting project. The production of liquid fuels is found to provide a relative reduction in energy use compared to pulp production. With the low energy costs provided by this design, maintaining a high yield throughout the conversion process and the reduction of capital costs offer the best opportunities for further improving economics. Although the economic viability of a realistic biorefinery is not directly evaluated in this study, the aim is to identify technical barriers and opportunities for development of integrated strategies for implementing proven biofuels production technologies.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 22 Sep 2021 12:03:08 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1868895</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Solving a Biorefinery Location Problem Case in Spain: Uncertainty in Strategic Decisions.</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1767582</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This article presents a case study in which a biorefinery has to be sited in Navarre, Spain, considering uncertainty in prices and biomass availabilities. Stochastic optimization is presented as a multistage scenario tree, which is composed of strategic nodes and operational nodes. Furthermore, combinations of strategic nodes conform strategic scenarios while each operational node, which is rooted in a strategic node, represents an operational scenario. Finally, biorefinery stochastic optimization is achieved by solving a mixed integer linear programming model. Promising results are obtained at strategic (location of the plant), tactical (location of warehouses), and operational (biomass purchase management) levels which clearly differ from the deterministic version of the problem.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 19 Feb 2021 10:31:07 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1767582</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Bitumen fractionation: Contribution of the individual fractions to the mechanical behavior of road binders</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1752695</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Anticipation of alternative road binder to replace petroleum derived bitumen requires a deep understanding of relationships between the chemical composition of bitumen and their physical properties, especially rheological ones. The vast number of the different molecules constituting bitumen is too complicated to unravel, thus in this paper the authors propose to fractionate bitumen into four fractions and study their different physico-chemical properties. The melting temperature and the glass transition of each fractions was determined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) while their molecular weight distribution was determined by HS-SEC. Finally, their rheological properties were investigated by dynamic shear rheometer (DSR). This study highlighted the importance of all bitumen phases: the less polar liquid phase driving the viscous behavior up to −50 °C, the more polar solid phase responsible of the thermal stability and the stiffness, and finally the intermediate viscous oily phases allowing the molecular weight distribution continuity and by consequence allowing to have, on a large temperature range, a viscous liquid behavior at high temperature or low frequency, and an elastic stiff behavior at low temperature. Crystallizable fractions and asphaltene aggregates seemed to act as key molecular structures in the continuous phase.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 22 Dec 2020 09:36:16 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1752695</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Crude Oil Markets: Effects of the Repeal of the Crude Oil Export Ban</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1753115</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Between 1975 and the end of 2015, the Energy Policy and Conservation Act directed a ban on nearly all exports of U.S. crude oil. This ban was not considered a significant policy issue when U.S. oil production was declining and import volumes were increasing. However, U.S. crude oil production roughly doubled from 2009 to 2015, due in part to a boom in shale oil production made possible by advancements in drilling technologies. In December 2015, Congress effectively repealed the ban, allowing the free export of U.S. crude oil worldwide. The Government Accountability Office (GAO) was asked to provide information on the effects of repealing the crude oil export ban. This report describes the effects of the repeal of the crude oil export ban on the domestic crude oil production, petroleum refining, and related sectors of the U.S. shipping industry. GAO analyzed data from the U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) and other federal databases to determine the effects of repealing the export ban. GAO also interviewed a nongeneralizeable sample of economists, market analysts, and stakeholders from the oil and gas, refining, and shipping industries. GAO’s analysis focused on the repeal of the crude oil export ban and any effects of the repeal on U.S. crude oil and related industries through March 2020.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 11 Dec 2020 09:26:02 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1753115</guid>
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