<rss version="2.0" xmlns:atom="https://www.w3.org/2005/Atom">
  <channel>
    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
    <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
    <atom:link href="https://trid.trb.org/Record/RSS?s=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" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml" />
    <description></description>
    <language>en-us</language>
    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
    <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
    <image>
      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
      <url>https://trid.trb.org/Images/PageHeader-wTitle.jpg</url>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
    </image>
    <item>
      <title>Transit to U.S. National Parks: Implications on Recreational Travel Mode Shift</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2664097</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The 2018 National Park Service Comprehensive Survey of the American Public found that travel distance, cost, and lack of options are key barriers to visitation across all races and ethnicities. Existing research has examined transit access to parks and green spaces, recognizing the wide-ranging health and social benefits they offer. Patterns in park visitation frequently highlight disparities in access and usage among different socioeconomic groups. However, of the 63 national parks in the United States, more than a dozen parks have successfully implemented transit to/from park-adjacent municipalities. This article explores the successes and challenges in establishing transit services to national parks, examines pre- and post-shuttle implementation park cordon counts, and provides lessons learned for national park staff and relevant practitioners to explore alternative transportation connectivity with gateway communities to reduce vehicular traffic within and increase access to national park sites.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 17 Feb 2026 13:11:25 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2664097</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Exploring and bridging the gap between recreational and school commute cycling</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2606846</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This study explores the cycling behaviours of high school students, with a particular emphasis on the distinctions between recreational and school commuter cyclists. While much of the existing research has predominantly addressed cycling to school, this study broadens the scope to identify insights that could encourage the transition from recreational cycling to school commuting. We surveyed 325 high-school students in Sydney, Australia, exploring their demographics, cycling attitudes, perceptions of safety, and environmental factors that influence their bicycle use. The data is analysed through two logistic regression models, one for recreational cycling and the other for school commuting, both reinforced by the synthetic minority oversampling technique to address class imbalances. Recreation emerged as the primary motivation for cycling, with students more likely to ride when accompanied by friends or family. There are more recreational cyclists than commuters, likely due to the lack of safe cycling routes, heavy loads during commuting, and insufficient bike parking at schools. The smaller group of commuting cyclists tends to use bicycles more consistently and frequently and exhibit greater risk acceptance towards cycling infrastructure. To encourage cycling to school, we recommend the establishment of dedicated bike lanes to schools completely separated from vehicular traffic and increased bike parking facilities at schools, as well as government subsidies and incentives for cargo racks and e-bike promotion.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 08 Dec 2025 11:43:47 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2606846</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Effect of COVID-19 on recreational trips to tourist destination - An Indian context</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2548274</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The present work reports an investigation on perception of tourists towards recreational trips to tourist destinations due to the effect of COVID-19 in India. Responses of tourists were captured from several popular tourist destinations in India for different travel modes, different activities within a destination and various interventions in the context of COVID-19 by a survey questionnaire and the responses were analyzed using RIDIT to rank as per their perceived risk and importance. Public transport like air, train and bus were found to be the high-risk travel modes over personal vehicles along with visiting attraction points/shopping areas within a destination. Interventions like sanitization, social distancing, use of musk and self-vaccination got higher importance by the tourists. An SP survey was conducted and depending on various interventions and their levels, a model was developed based on binary logit, which gives the probability of making a recreational trip to a tourist destination.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 23 May 2025 15:36:11 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2548274</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Analyzing impacts of a new rail line on tourist attractiveness using accessibility: the case of the Sud Europe Atlantique high-speed line</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2493243</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper proposes an original contribution to measure impact of a new high-speed rail line on tourist attractiveness using accessibility indicator. The case study is based on the Sud Europe Atlantique (SEA) rail line example. The tourism facilities are appreciated by tourist accommodations and two approaches can be considered. The first refers to occasional customers looking for holidays home in a recreational travel and includes “holiday accommodations”. The second approach focuses on second homes, used by their owners on a regular and continuous time for week-ends, holidays or other stays. From a methodological point of view, tourist attractiveness is measured by accessibility indicators and the correlation between accessibility variation and touristic facilities development analyzed by a principal component analysis. By “attractiveness” the authors refer to accessibility variation by rail mode. The tourist attractiveness is thus measured by a correlation between accessibility indicators and tourist accommodations variations. In terms of results, a lack of correlation is observed between the positive accessibility variation and the number of holiday accommodations for touristic areas based on outdoor and recreational tourism. The city of Bordeaux is an exception: urban and business tourism is developed as well as the rail modes use. Tourism facilities are clearly correlated with travel gains generated by the high-speed line. The development of second homes is correlated with observed travel time gains only in the southern touristic areas. Others have previously benefit from a previous high-speed rail line since 1989 and the SEA rail line brings only marginal accessibility gains.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 27 Feb 2025 11:47:29 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2493243</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>A Study on the Recreational Travel Considering Accommodation and Travel Costs in the Temporal Domain</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2264164</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper proposes a model for predicting the choice behavior of recreational traveler in the temporal domain considering accommodation cost and travel cost. These costs, unlike income and so on, can be controlled by planners. The model assumes utilities related to the earliness of home or hotel departure time, the lateness of home or hotel arrival time, and staying at the destination. In addition, the model assumes utilities related to choice of trip dates and travel mode. The proposed model is applied to one-day or overnight travelers visiting the destination by private car or train, with introducing some parameters obtained from the presented one-day recreational travel model.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 10 Feb 2025 09:30:52 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2264164</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Going to the Zoo: A comparison of travel time ratios in 21 European cities</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2402388</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Efficient public transport is an essential component of a sustainable transport system. The travel time ratio, i.e. the public transport journey duration divided by the car journey duration of the same trip, can be used to compare the public transport system with the road transport system within and across cities. However, few studies have used the travel time ratio to analyze the efficiency of the public transport system across European cities. The aim of this study was to compare travel time ratios of a typical leisure trip across 21 European capital cities and to examine the association of journey time and travel time ratio with socio-demographic characteristics of cities. For the purpose of this study trips to the local zoo were selected as a leisure time activity that is comparable across cities in Europe. Within 21 European capital cities random start points were selected based on an 8 km service facilities analysis from the zoo. For each start point to zoo trip the duration and distance of the public transport and car journeys was calculated using the Google Maps Directions API. The analysis showed that in all cities public transport journeys take longer than car journeys, with a mean travel time ratio of 2.61 (range 0.98–5.82). No correlation was found between public transport and car journey duration, suggesting that they are influenced by different factors. However, mixed model analyses found no association between socio-demographic characteristics of the cities and public transport journey times. In contrast, mixed models showed that a decrease in the travel time ratio was associated with a larger population size, higher population density, higher percentage of working population, more urbanized land area and more registered cars. To encourage a modal shift towards sustainable urban transport, the authors recommend that travel time ratio should be considered in the design of public transport and car infrastructure in cities.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 05 Aug 2024 13:52:55 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2402388</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>The integer programing extreme value (IPEV) model: An application for estimation of the leisure trip demand</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2400577</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The authors developed an integer programing extreme value (IPEV) model that accounts the integer property of trip data and has the same advantages as the multiple discrete–continuous extreme value choice (MDCEV) model. The proposed model is consistent with utility theory and provides a single structural framework for simultaneously modeling the choice of alternatives and quantity decisions with the constraint of the integer value of consumption. The authors demonstrate that the proposed model has a closed-form probability expression. Finally, the authors apply the proposed model to the recreation demand for national parks in Japan. The empirical results suggest that the proposed model provides a better fit for the data than the previous model and that ignoring the integer property of demand might cause an underestimation of the welfare loss.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 26 Jul 2024 10:44:57 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2400577</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>An Analysis of Mode Choice Decisions for Long-Distance Recreational Travel in India</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2400133</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Analysis of long-distance travel behaviour is important for the planning and operation of inter-state, inter-city, and urban–rural transportation infrastructure and congestion management. Although there is a rich body of literature in this area from North America, Europe, and other developed regions around the world, limited work exists on long-distance travel behaviour in emerging economies such as India. This paper contributes to the literature on traveller mode choice decisions for long-distance recreational trips in India. Specifically, the authors develop a mode choice model that recognizes the uncertainty in the level of service (LOS) attributes arising from the lack of precise information on these variables due to the unavailability of precise destination information. In addition, the authors examine the influence of various household sociodemographic factors and trip characteristics on travellers' mode choice decisions. Results suggest that accounting for uncertainties in the LOS variables yields a model with improved fit and more reasonable willingness to pay (WTP) measures compared to models with aggregated LOS attributes. Furthermore, this study offers new insights into the values of travel time savings context for long distance travel, previously unavailable in the Indian context, potentially informing future transportation policies.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 25 Jul 2024 11:36:10 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2400133</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Centralized multi-visitor trip planning with activity reservations in crowded destinations</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2365380</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This study examines the problem of centralized planning of leisure trips in congested areas for visitor groups with reservations for activities. An algorithm that through a combination of customization and coordination can improve average happiness considerably was developed. Extensive numerical experimentation with both synthetic and real-life data show that our algorithm strongly outperforms the classical first-come-first-served reservation policy, both in terms of visitor happiness and in terms of fairness among visitors. Moreover, the results show that our algorithm leads to good solutions for small-sized problem instances (with errors typically within 5%–10% from an optimal solution obtained via integer linear programming). Finally, the computational effort with regard to number of visitors is bounded by the capacity and the number of activities, while the increase in computation time for the number of attractions is bounded by the average number of activities that fit into a trip. As a result, this approach leads to good solutions within minutes in realistic settings with more than ten thousand visitors a day.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 19 Apr 2024 16:26:59 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2365380</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Household Structure and the Travel Pattern of Senior Citizens for Leisure Trips</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1974539</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The travel patterns of the senior citizens are significantly influenced by social and cultural norms. Household structure also has an important bearing on the travel pattern of senior citizens. The specific household structure and the number of co-residents have huge implications on their travel outcomes. This investigative paper is an attempt to analyse the trips undertaken by senior citizens for leisure activities. The aim of the study is to examine the travel mode choice and length of the leisure trips made by senior citizens, based on household structure. The household questionnaire survey method is adopted for data collection. The gathered data are analysed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) and NLOGIT 5 software. The variables analysed for the study include income, employment and education grouped under socio-economic variables; age, household size and gender grouped under socio-demographic variables; driving license, shared rides, activity, frequency of travel, time of travel, mode, trip length, travel cost and travel time grouped under travel characteristics. Decision trees are developed to analyse the trip length. Choice modelling, i.e. multinomial logit (MNL) model, is adopted to find the travel mode preference of senior citizens for leisure trips.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 05 Dec 2023 16:50:29 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1974539</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Using Clustering Algorithms to Identify Recreational Trips Within a Bike-Sharing System</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1974690</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Bike-sharing systems became one of the most popular means of individual transport in many European cities. With the growth of popularity of bicycle-sharing systems, the estimation of demand for its services becomes a very significant task for transportation planners. The data from GPS tracking systems installed on bicycles can be used as a reliable source of information in this case. The paper presents an approach to identify the segment of recreational trips, implemented within the bike-sharing system, based on poplar clusterisation algorithms. The authors developed the subroutines for cleaning the raw data obtained from GPS-trackers. By using the purified data on the numeric parameters of trips in a bicycle sharing system, the clustering model identifies such a cluster that represent recreational trips. The k-means, mini-batch k-means, birch algorithms, and agglomerative clustering are examined in this study in order to allocate recreational trips. The use of the proposed approach is demonstrated on the example of data obtained from Wavelo bike-sharing system in the city of Krakow, Poland.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 20 Nov 2023 09:12:24 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1974690</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Accessing America's Great Outdoors: Forecasting Recreational Travel Demand</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2278547</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Recreational travel is a major and growing activity in the United States. Recreation trips to outdoor parklands tend to have different characteristics than trips for other types of recreation (entertainment, sporting events, regular exercise, etc.). Despite the significance of recreational travel to outdoor parklands and its impacts on the transportation system in many regions, regional and statewide travel demand models do not explicitly represent the factors that determine demand for this specific type of travel. The purpose of this project is to build a set of models and open-source tools to predict recreational travel demand to “America’s Great Outdoors.” The demand models and tools created in this project will allow states, regional agencies, and public land managers to predict visitor demand and vehicle travel to their recreational sites under a variety of future scenarios. The models use passively collected data (“big data”) in conjunction with data on recreational-site visitation and amenities, Census data, and data on climate and topography to replicate visitation patterns to various federal and state parklands in the US. These models are appropriate for major recreational sites located in natural settings across the country which attract significant local and out-of-town visitation. Local parks in urban areas (where recreational visits are already largely accounted for in regional models) are excluded from this study.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sat, 28 Oct 2023 16:44:35 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2278547</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Walking beyond the city? On the importance of recreational mobilities for landscape planning, urban design, and public policy</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2244550</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Walking engenders many descriptive, normative, and speculative debates. This article reviews work done in the interventionist realms of landscape planning, urban design, and public policy, where attention is increasingly being paid to walking (as a matter of fact) and its often-prescriptive corollary of ‘walkability’ (as a matter of concern). What patterns of critical engagement are seen in work on how, why, and where people walk? I explore how (a) the so-called compact city is seen as the only context where walking and other ‘soft’ modes of everyday mobility meaningfully occurs, and (b) scholarly debates on self-propelled movement seem to focus too narrowly on necessary or utilitarian activity. Recreational mobilities at various temporal and spatial scales thus tend to be overlooked or ignored altogether. Drawing on the interdisciplinary explorations presented in this special issue of Mobilities, a provisional agenda for research and practice is presented. Suggestions are made as to how one might approach the dense, compact city (as phenomenon and as normative impulse in spatial planning) in new ways by foregrounding walking as a widespread example of ‘discretionary’ mobility, i.e., as optional movement in space.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 16 Oct 2023 17:26:23 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2244550</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Recreational mobility on a busy street: visual studies of alterity by doing jogging and doing dog-walking</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2244547</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper studies recreational mobility as it unfolds as an integral part of the heterogeneity of practices staged in front of a camera on a busy street in Stockholm, Sweden. By analyzing the production- and recognition-work of ‘doing-jogging/dog-walking-in-the-city’ we argue that recreational mobility accomplishes something more than walking in these settings. In the modern layout of a condensed city, mobility is prioritized due to its utility. In this context, recreational mobility, in all its forms, becomes what anthropologists and sociologists describe as an ‘othered’ – and as such it exists as an odd curiosity. While this puts recreational mobility at a marginal position it also enables us to better understand mobility in general – though the alterity of recreational mobility. Based on the empirical observations the paper highlights three findings in relation to recreational mobility: (1) its nestedness within everyday mobility; (2) its work of being different than ordinary use of the space – as alterity; and (3) its role as a methodological challenge, especially for studies of on-street level mobility, where different teleologies of mobility and different modalities coexist. Here the materiality of the street and the assemblages play a crucial role as observable materialities within the production- and recognition-work of doing more than walking.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 16 Oct 2023 17:26:23 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2244547</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Study on Residents’ Choice of Non-Work Tour Based on Logistic Model</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2000756</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Models describing residents’ choice of non-work tour were established based on the data from the 2014 Shanghai Household Travel Survey. Multinomial logistic method was adopted to analyze the effects of characteristics of individuals, households, non-work trip, and neighborhood on their choices of four typical non-work tours with 1324 samples. The analysis indicates that compared to simple tours for maintenance, unemployed and those under 30 years old, driving cars, and getting network neighborhood services, are more likely to choose simple tour for leisure; residents driving cars and those getting dispersed neighborhood services are prone to choose complex tours for non-work activities; workers and those below 30 years old, driving cars, living in downtowns, and getting network neighborhood services, prefer complex tours for commuting and non-work activities. The study provides a basis for formulating a reasonable policy and guides residents’ non-work activity patterns.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 19 Jul 2023 09:38:28 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2000756</guid>
    </item>
  </channel>
</rss>