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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
    <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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      <title>Roadside Right-Of-Way Maintenance Strategies</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2683699</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The Indiana Department of Transportation’s (INDOT) roadside management program is tasked with multiple items across the state’s 39,000 lane miles. Roadside maintenance is an essential task that keeps INDOT’s rights-of-way (ROWs) safe and functional for drivers. Most roadside vegetation maintenance work for INDOT is outsourced, and INDOT’s in-house staff perform any follow-up vegetation maintenance as needed. INDOT needs to focus on cost-efficient solutions due to budgetary constraints from increased labor, equipment, and contractor costs and no budgetary increases. INDOT contracted Davey Resource Group, Inc. (DRG) to provide recommendations for updates to INDOT’s roadside ROW vegetation maintenance strategies. DRG completed a literature review, interviewed regional DOTs, and performed an analysis of the identified gaps within INDOT’s vegetation maintenance program. DRG then provided implementation recommendations. The benefits and timeline of each of these implementation items were provided, including costs and return on investment (ROI) estimates when possible. Issues identified included a reactive vegetation management approach, staff that lack familiarity with INDOT’s vegetation maintenance operations standards, a lack of access to appropriate equipment/technology, a limited number of contractors bidding on vegetation work, and contractors taking on more work than they have capacity for. DRG recommends the development of specialized vegetation crews in each district. Purchase of specialized equipment and mapping technology is recommended for those crews, along with improvements to prequalification requirements, design standards, and engineering division communication to make vegetation maintenance easier and safer for maintenance staff. Alternative recommendations are provided where available.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 31 Mar 2026 10:12:15 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2683699</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>What Holds High-Speed Rail Back: Lessons from Global Systems and California’s Experience</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2683210</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This report examines benefits and challenges of integrating California High-Speed Rail (CHSR) with other rail systems and reviews California legislation impacting HSR’s contracting and financing alternatives. The research compares CHSR with high-speed rail systems around the world to identify similarities and differences in costs, speeds, ridership, and operating conditions. It also reviews Japan’s Land Readjustment Act as a model for value capture and land assembly and explores international experiences on rail integration, along with U.S. cases from the East Coast and Los Angeles. A review of California’s transportation legislation highlights how laws for highways and bridges differ from those for HSR. The study uses a database of oversight reports and legislative documents to identify recurring challenges such as funding shortfalls, permitting, cost escalation, and right-of-way acquisition. Semi-structured interviews with subject matter experts further highlight legal, financial, and project delivery issues. The study concludes that stable funding, early resolution of land and environmental issues, streamlined permitting, and better coordination across agencies are necessary for future HSR projects. Recommendations include creating stronger partnerships with third parties, adopting value capture, crowdsource financing, and reforms to eminent domain and permitting processes. This research demonstrates that effective rail integration is a governance and policy imperative critical to building a connected, sustainable, and economically competitive California.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 31 Mar 2026 10:12:15 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2683210</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Clinical Follow-up and Care for Those Impacted by the JP-5 Releases at Red Hill</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2683257</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Communities served by the Joint Base Pearl Harbor–Hickam water distribution system were directly impacted following two major releases of jet propellant 5 (JP-5) aviation fuel from the Red Hill Bulk Fuel Storage Facility in May 2021 and November 2021. While human error initially contributed to these incidents, the responses to these leaks could also be seen as a sequence of potentially avoidable errors that led to ongoing confusion and mistrust about the safety of the water supply and the impact on the health of communities affected by the fuel leaks. An ad hoc committee of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine was convened to recommend further guidance on clinical actions to monitor the long-term health of community members exposed to JP-5 aviation fuel releases. Informed by its community engagement and use of core public health functions, the committee adapted two complementary frameworks developed for prior National Academies studies, the evidence to decision framework from "Guidance on PFAS Exposure, Testing, and Clinical Follow-up" (2022) and the ethical framework from "Evidence-Based Practices for Public Health Emergency Preparedness and Response: Assessment of and Recommendations for the Field" (2020), to guide its development of recommendations. Additionally, the committee drew from Native Hawaiian values, including kuleana (delegated authority and corresponding responsibility) and mālama ‘āina (care for the land). Through these complementary ethical lenses, the committee aimed to provide recommendations that are evidence based, equitable, culturally grounded, and responsive to the needs of affected communities. Although there has been substantial progress toward remediating the spilled fuel and closing and defueling the Red Hill fuel tank facility, sustained environmental monitoring, clinical follow-up, and deliberate efforts to rebuild trust remain essential to achieve optimal health outcomes for affected individuals and communities and to strengthen the systems that safeguard public health and environmental stewardship. The committee’s recommendations are organized according to the three core public health functions of assurance, policy development, and assessment. Together, these functions represent a pathway toward appropriate clinical care, healing, and resilience for communities affected by the Red Hill fuel releases.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 30 Mar 2026 11:10:36 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2683257</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Aircraft Noise: Military Helicopter Operators Should Improve Outreach to Affected Communities in the D.C. Area</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2683209</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Helicopter noise is an ongoing concern for some  Washington, D.C. area (D.C. area)-residents. The D.C. area is unique among areas with high concentrations of helicopter activity due to its highly restricted and constrained airspace and the presence of many federal agencies and military installations. Studies have suggested that aircraft noise exposure can be annoying, disturb sleep, and increase the risk of more serious medical issues. The FAA Reauthorization Act of 2024 includes a provision for the U.S. Government Accountability Office (GAO) to report on reducing rotorcraft noise in the D.C. area. This report examines, in the D.C. area, (1) the extent to which helicopter operations are conducted and for what purposes, (2) the extent to which the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) and selected operators have addressed helicopter noise, and (3) the views of selected operators and stakeholders on how the use of drones and electric vertical takeoff and landing aircraft may affect helicopter noise. GAO reviewed FAA regulations, relevant laws, Department of Defense (DOD) and Department of Homeland Security (DHS) policies, and relevant literature, and analyzed FAA and military operators’ helicopter flight data for 2020 through 2024. GAO also interviewed FAA officials; 11 helicopter operators, selected based on the number of flights in the D.C. area; and seven stakeholders, selected based on experience with drone and electric vertical takeoff and landing aircraft noise.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 30 Mar 2026 08:55:10 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2683209</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>RecoMap – a semi-automated tool for analysing railway accident recommendations across jurisdictions and over time</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2669895</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Despite many (sometimes similar) recommendations made by independent railway accident investigators across jurisdictions, practitioners continue to suffer from a lack of synthesised recommendations due to the high complexity of analysing textual data. To fill the gap, a semi-automated tool for analysing accident report recommendations, RecoMap, is developed as a framework to help practitioners learn from previous experience. Empirical data is retrieved from official railway accident reports published by Rail Accident Investigation Branch (RAIB), Australian Transport Safety Bureau (ATSB), National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) and Transportation Safety Board of Canada (TSB). By comparing experiences across countries, this study also identifies a transition from making interfering recommendations addressing operational issues to making supportive recommendations addressing organisational issues in the railway industry. Findings imply that current practices might continue to result in railway accidents that could have been prevented by learning from other jurisdictions and implementing corresponding mitigation measures in advance.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 23 Mar 2026 15:15:51 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2669895</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Electric Mobility in Developing Countries: Cost Benefit Analysis and Policy Guidance</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2679422</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This report builds on the analytical framework first developed in a 2023 World Bank publication. While the earlier study focused on passenger vehicle electrification across 20 countries through 2030, the analysis in the present report expands to both passenger and freight vehicles and extends across 40 developing countries through 2035, providing a more complete picture of electrification in the transport sector. Meanwhile, the present study refines the earlier model using more granular and up-to-date data and parameters and expands the capacity to assess the financial viability of electric vehicles (EVs) from the perspective of individual users or operators over a vehicle’s lifetime. Additionally, this study provides initial insights into how the shift to EVs may affect manufacturing jobs. The report addresses when, where, and for which vehicle segments the transition to EVs makes economic sense, and how the transition can be governed and integrated into broader mobility development strategies. Segment-specific policy recommendations informed by the analytical findings are offered to support decision-makers seeking policy guidance in the evolving EV market.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 20 Mar 2026 08:38:25 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2679422</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>2026 Report on the Electric-Assisted Bicycle Youth Operation Study</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2679059</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This report fulfills the requirements laid out under 2024 Laws of Minnesota, Ch. 127, Art. 3, Sec. 127 providing an overview of the safety challenges and recommendations on the operation of electric-assisted bicycles by persons under the age of 18 to increase the safety of riders, other cyclists, and all other users of active transportation infrastructure. The report: (1) identifies the challenges to the safe operation of electric-assisted bicycles by those under the age of 18; (2) evaluates the existing legal authority for strategies, practices, and methods to reduce the availability of modifications to the electric motor of electric-assisted bicycles; (3) makes recommendations on whether to change state law to improve electric-assisted bicycle safety on roads, trails, and other areas where safe operation of electric-assisted bicycles is needed; and (4) proposes educational and public awareness campaigns to educate the public about electric-assisted bicycles, promote their safe operation, and raise awareness of their unique characteristics when operating on roadways. Twenty-six actions are recommended to enhance e-bike safety and equitable mobility for youth. In many cases, the recommendations are also intended to benefit e-bike operators of all ages as well as general transportation system users, regardless of the mode of travel. The recommended actions are structured around seven strategies. Combined, the recommended strategies and actions address youth e-bike education and awareness, barrier reduction, state programs, infrastructure, and data.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 20 Mar 2026 08:38:25 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2679059</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>A National Action Plan for School Bus Safety Key Takeaways and Learnings from the National School Bus Safety Summit</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2678097</link>
      <description><![CDATA[According to the National Association of State Directors for Pupil Transportation, U.S. drivers illegally pass stopped school buses millions of times each year risking school children's lives. In this report, an action plan is presented by the Governors Highway Safety Association (GHSA) to reduce the risk of injuries and fatalities related to school buses and illegal passing. The plan is based on panel discussions held at the 2025 National School Bus Safety Summit hosted by BusPatrol with support from GHSA and Safe Kids Worldwide. The panels are summarized and sixty-nine recommended actions are proposed.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 16 Mar 2026 08:41:15 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2678097</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Aviation Investigation Report: Midair Collision over the Potomac River PSA Airlines Flight 5342, Mitsubishi Heavy Industries (MHI), RJ Aviation CL-600-2C10 (CRJ700), and US Army Priority Air Transport Flight 25, Sikorsky UH-60L, Washington, DC, January 29, 2025</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2672499</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This report discusses the January 29, 2025, midair collision involving a Sikorsky UH-60L helicopter, operated by the US Army under the callsign PAT25, and a Mitsubishi Heavy Industries RJ Aviation (formerly Bombardier) CL-600-2C10 (CRJ700) airplane, N709PS, operated by PSA Airlines as flight 5342, over the Potomac River in southwest Washington, DC, about 0.5 miles southeast of Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport (DCA), Arlington, Virginia. The 2 pilots, 2 flight attendants, and 60 passengers on board the airplane and all 3 crewmembers on board the helicopter died. Both aircraft were destroyed as a result of the accident. Safety issues discussed in this report include: (1) helicopter route design surrounding DCA; (2) the extensive use of pilot-applied visual separation and the inherent limitations of see-and-avoid, including when using night vision goggles; (3) unclear and inconsistent Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) guidance on helicopter route altitudes and boundaries and operators’ misinterpretation of those altitudes; (4) limitations and gaps in the traffic awareness, alerting, and collision-avoidance technologies available to both aircraft; (5) risks associated with separate helicopter and airplane radio frequencies and blocked transmissions; (6) controller workload, position-combining, and communication practices; (7)  deficiencies in FAA safety culture, facility-level oversight, and post-accident drug- and alcohol-testing procedures; and (8) shortcomings in FAA and US Army safety assurance and risk management processes, including lack of proactive data sharing and safety analysis to identify and mitigate midair collision risk in complex terminal environments. As a result of this investigation, the National Transportation Safety Board makes 33 recommendations to the FAA, 8 recommendations to the US Army, 5 recommendations to the Department of War Policy Board on Federal Aviation, 2 recommendations to the Department of Transportation (DOT), 1 recommendation to the DOT Office of the Inspector General, and 1 recommendation to the RTCA.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 10 Mar 2026 09:54:05 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2672499</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Assessing the Impacts of Safety-Focused Design Interventions on Arterial Roadways</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2677552</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Arterial roadways serve as critical connectors in urban transportation networks, yet their design often prioritizes vehicular mobility over safety. Despite the widespread application of safety-focused infrastructure interventions on local and collector streets, similar strategies are rarely implemented on arterials due to concerns over congestion, emergency response, and operational efficiency. However, these design choices have proven to result in unsafe conditions.

This project investigates how infrastructure design interventions can improve safety on arterial roadways while addressing operational and institutional constraints. The research follows a phased approach. First, it examines the historical, regulatory, and policy factors that have limited the adoption of safety-focused interventions on arterials, including the influence of fire codes and emergency response standards. Second, it assesses the real-world impacts of infrastructure changes on speeds, crashes, and emergency response metrics. Finally, it synthesizes findings to develop actionable recommendations and a decision-making framework for arterial design.

By providing an evidence-based understanding of how design choices affect safety, mobility, and community outcomes on arterial corridors, this study aims to inform infrastructure design practices.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 03 Mar 2026 20:07:45 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2677552</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Event Data Recorders (EDRs) in Australia</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2622588</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This report examines prevalence and use of Event Data Recorders (EDRs) in motor vehicles in Australia. It includes background on the implementation and regulation of EDRs and interviews with vehicle manufacturers and end-users. Case studies explore the benefits of EDRs related to law enforcement, crash investigation, insurance claims, research, and manufacturing issues. Overall, it was found that Australia lags behind other countries in EDR mandates and the report concludes with five recommendations relating to EDR regulation.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 26 Feb 2026 09:15:16 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2622588</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Analytic Framework for Imbalanced Traffic Crash Type Classification and Management Using a Hybrid Tabular Transformer Approach</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2672768</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Traffic crashes, especially rear-end collisions, fixed-object crashes, and rollovers, are common and severe, highlighting the need for comprehensive classification and management. However, research on classifying and managing imbalanced traffic crash data is limited. Therefore, this study proposes an analytic framework for imbalanced traffic crash type classification and management using a hybrid tabular transformer approach. The central idea is to analyze data using feature selection, multi-crash type classification, single-crash type clustering, and targeted safety recommendations. First, the multinomial logit model is used for feature selection, removing features with low correlation. Second, the Feature Tokenizer Transformer (FT-Transformer) with the Synthetic Minority Over-Sampling Technique (SMOTE) at varying ratios to perform multiclass crash classification is used. Third, mini-batch K-means clusters crash types based on key features are used. Finally, targeted safety recommendations for each cluster are developed. This study used 5,515 real-world traffic crash records from Anhui Province, China. The results show that: (1) the FT-Transformer model, with SMOTE at a 1:2:4 ratio, outperformed other machine learning models; and (2) rear-end, fixed-object, and rollovers were clustered into three, three, and five categories, respectively. Safety recommendations focus on traffic management (e.g., real time traffic updates), driver behavior (e.g., driving education), and road infrastructure (e.g., reinforced road markings).]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 23 Feb 2026 16:30:15 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2672768</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Driver to Non-Driver Transitions: Related Health, Mobility and Safety Outcomes</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2671991</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This project involves analyzing the impacts of becoming a non-driver (suddenly or gradually) in Wisconsin and nationally and effects on health, mobility, and safety outcomes. The project will analyze health, quality of life and mobility outcomes for drivers who are no longer able to drive. The researchers will analyze the safety, mobility, and quality of life outcomes for those who have suddenly or gradually become non-drivers. Analysis should focus on adult non-drivers of all ages and demographics, with particular emphasis on adults aging in place and urban versus rural areas. Once the analyses are conducted and complete, the researchers will report findings and provide recommendations for policies that lead to improved outcomes—namely increases in mobility and safety benefits for the entire state. Recommendations will help Wisconsin Department of Transportation (WisDOT) understand how to best offset impacts to mobility for individuals suddenly or gradually transitioning from being drivers to non-drivers.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 18 Feb 2026 11:39:50 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2671991</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>AIA Recommendations for Ultrasound Inspection of New-Make Turbine Engine, Life-Limited Rotating Parts</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2663112</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The aero gas turbine industry has collaborated with the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) to study and provide guidance regarding the inspection process for the subsurface volume of critical nickel-based engine hardware, through the Aerospace Industries Association (AIA) team AIA A-18-003. Data from across a broad spectrum in the industry is needed for this work since the probability of an uncontained rotor event from any cause has proven to be extremely low. Following an uncontained event from a melt anomaly in a nickel high pressure turbine (HPT) disk in 2016, industry teams including this team AIA A-18-003, team AIA A-18-004, the AIA Jet Engine Nickel Quality Committee (JENQC), and the AIA Rotor Integrity Steering Committee (RISC) have collected data and considered ways to improve rotor damage tolerance through improvements in inspection technologies, melting and manufacturing practices, and part design and lifing. This report documents the findings from the evaluation of Ultrasonic (UT) forging inspections. The inspection guidance and recommendations provided here are integral components of a broader damage tolerance strategy for critical parts. A comprehensive damage tolerance strategy includes part manufacturing, service management, and engineering design characteristics to effectively minimize potential threats. The position of AIA A-18-003 Team is that aircraft safety is enhanced by the inclusion of subsurface UT inspections. The most effective and desirable method to detect subsurface anomalies and remove defective material from the supply chain is through original equipment manufacturer (OEM) UT inspections of billets and forgings prior to finished part machining. Focusing on the UT inspection of forgings, anomaly detection capability could be enhanced beyond the current baseline by adopting a Multi Zone Multi Angle (MZMA) inspection approach. Evaluation and recommendations for the UT inspection of billets will be addressed in a separate report to be published later. Additionally, another opportunity to detect anomalies is visual inspection of the etched surface of forging and/or finish machined parts, as part of a series of inspection processes.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 12 Feb 2026 08:52:13 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2663112</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>In-Service Ultrasonic Inspections for Turbine Engine, Life-Limited Rotating Parts</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2663111</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The aero gas turbine industry has collaborated with the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) to study and provide guidance and make recommendations about the implementation of requirements for in-service, sub-surface inspections through the Aerospace Industries Association (AIA) team AIA A-18-004. Data from across a broad spectrum in the industry is needed for this work since the probability of an uncontained rotor event from any cause has proven to be extremely low. Following an uncontained event from a melt anomaly in a nickel high pressure turbine (HPT) disk in 2016, industry teams including this team, team AIA A-18-003, the AIA Jet Engine Nickel Consortium (JENQC), and the AIA Rotor Integrity Steering Committee (RISC) have collected data and considered ways to improve rotor damage tolerance through improvements in inspection technologies, melting and manufacturing practices, and part design and lifing. This report documents the data collected and the findings from the evaluation of in-service inspections. The inspection guidance and recommendations provided here are considered as part of a larger critical part damage tolerance strategy. A comprehensive damage tolerance strategy considers the part manufacture, service management, and engineering design characteristics in order to minimize threats. The position of AIA A-18-004 is that aircraft safety is augmented by the inclusion of subsurface, ultrasonic (UT) inspections. The most effective and desirable means to detect subsurface anomalies and cull suspect material is by original equipment manufacturer (OEM) UT inspection of the billet and forging prior to finished part machining. However, industry field experience suggests in-service UT inspection, implemented at piece part opportunity exposure, may also be helpful. Such in-service inspections provide the most value on large blade carrying HPT disks and some intermediate pressure turbine (IPT) disks while other component types are currently well served by the surface inspections already in place. For some specific applications, a part may be available for piece part inspection at multiple times within its service life. The in-service inspections should be conducted each time one of these safety critical parts is completely disassembled, unless otherwise agreed to with the Authority.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 12 Feb 2026 08:52:13 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2663111</guid>
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