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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
    <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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      <title>Understanding high-risk traffic offenders using infringement, debt, and crash data</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2509268</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Recidivist offenders are over-represented in Queensland road crash statistics, and the fact that they are recidivists suggests that they are largely undeterred by current road safety countermeasures. This study used data on traffic offence histories, crash involvement, and debt recovery to examine the profiles of different recidivist traffic offender groups. Results showed that all of the recidivist offender groups have higher rates of crash involvement compared to the general licensed driving population. The results highlight the importance of not treating recidivists as a homogenous group and acknowledging that there is no ‘one size fits all’ solution for repeat traffic offenders. There are opportunities for a more focused and bespoke approach to be taken to traffic offence management and prevention. Novel interventions need to be investigated including using offence profiles to communicate with offenders about potential programs and develop other approaches to behaviour change.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 13 Feb 2025 09:06:44 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2509268</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Motorists’ use of Facebook to avoid roadside drug testing locations</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2441566</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This study explored the use of Facebook police location sites among a sample of 890 drug takers in Queensland, aged between 16 and 75 years. One-quarter of the sample reported using Facebook police location sites, and 43% of these participants reported using them for the purpose of avoiding RDT. When comparing those who used the sites (for any reason) and those who did not use them, the former group reported significantly greater disordered drug use. Compared to those who used police location communities, but not for avoiding RDT, those who did use these sites to avoid RDT reported greater past offending and future offending intentions, greater disordered drug use and perceived the sites to be more accurate. The results suggest that how motorists use these sites is more important than whether they use them or not.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 15 Oct 2024 13:33:07 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2441566</guid>
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      <title>Participant experiences of the NSW Mandatory Alcohol Interlock Program</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2441511</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Alcohol interlock systems have increasingly been introduced as a measure to address drink driving and alcohol related road trauma, which remain at stubbornly high levels. Evidence suggests that interlocks are effective in reducing drink driving reoffending while installed, but there is less evidence of their longer term effectiveness, or among Aboriginal people. Low participation rates in interlock programs are not uncommon. This evaluation will examine the Mandatory Alcohol Interlock Program (MAIP), introduced in NSW in 2015, for high-range and repeat drink drive offenders. It will explore participant and stakeholder experiences with the program, including Aboriginal participants, and aims to identify areas where the program can be improved to better achieve its objectives of making NSW road safer, while minimising negative impact on participants. The evaluation will draw on surveys, focus groups and interviews with key stakeholders and program participants, as well as program data.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 15 Oct 2024 13:32:25 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2441511</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>The NSW Mandatory Alcohol Interlock Program and drink driving reoffending</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2441510</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Alcohol interlock systems have increasingly been introduced as a measure to address drink driving and alcohol related road trauma, which remain at stubbornly high levels. A growing body of evidence suggests that interlocks are effective in reducing drink driving reoffending while installed in the vehicle, but there is less evidence of their longer-term effectiveness, once the device is removed. This evaluation examines the effectiveness of the Mandatory Alcohol Interlock Program (MAIP), introduced in NSW in 2015, for high-range and repeat drink drive offenders. It considers the take up and completion rates for the program and its impact on drink driving reoffending, involvement in alcohol related crashes and drive whilst disqualified offences. The evaluation draws on a linked data set comprising licensing, crash and program data from Transport for NSW (TfNSW) and reoffending data from the NSW Bureau of Crime Statistics and Research.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 15 Oct 2024 13:32:24 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2441510</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Changing the drink-driving culture: evaluating the OFTR group intervention</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2441489</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Impaired (Drink/Drug) driving remains a serious problem in New Zealand (NZ). In 2019 alcohol/drugs were a factor in 37% of road deaths (NZTA, 2021), with 47% being repeat offenders (Waters, 2013). Preventing recidivists from re-offending is likely to have the greatest impact on alcohol-related crashes (Roadsafe Auckland, 2001). One for the Road (OFTR) is a New Zealand (NZ) based group therapy intervention for repeat drink/drug drivers. Since 2008 this programme has been developed to achieve a best practice approach unique to NZ. Recently an online component has been developed to assist access. Attendees through the justice or licensing system. A rigorous matched control group evaluation (Waters, 2019) supported programme effectiveness with a 20.2% reduction in reoffending over 3 years, providing validation and an opportunity for and programme development. This presentation offers an overview of the OFTR group content and process, highlighting learnings regarding best practice in Drink Driver Rehabilitation.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 15 Oct 2024 13:32:08 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2441489</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Can a single day alcohol education programme change recidivism rates?</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2431424</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Alcohol impairment is the second biggest contributing factor to road crashes in New Zealand, accounting for 21 percent of fatal crashes in 2020. A one-day educational program, which highlights the human and societal impact of impaired driving has been used by the courts as an intervention with recidivist drivers, but little is known of its effectiveness. We compared attendees of an Alcohol Education Intervention Program (AEIP) (past offending rate 82%) with a propensity score-matched control group (past offending rate 66%). There was no difference in detected reoffending between groups during the 18-month period following attendance of the course. Further investigation of the data using difference-in-difference analysis showed a significant reduction in the treatment group's detected recidivism rates. These findings suggest that attending an educational program can contribute to reducing detected offending levels, however further work is needed to examine the mechanisms behind this effect.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 17 Sep 2024 14:47:35 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2431424</guid>
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      <title>Using a procedurally just flyer to reduce speeding</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2431355</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This study used a randomised field experiment design to assess whether the inclusion of a flyer incorporating the principles of procedural justice with camera detected offence notices reduces subsequent speeding behaviour. Batches of camera detected offence notices were randomly assigned to the business-as-usual (control; n = 7,946) or the procedural justice flyer (experimental; n = 8,209) conditions. Administrative data for the following 12 months was used to identify if the drivers had been caught committing a subsequent speeding offence. The results indicate that individuals over the age of 25 years were 11% less likely to have a subsequent speeding offence in the following year if they received the flyer with their camera detected offence notice. This suggests that police agencies should consider incorporating the principles of procedural justice when issuing camera detected offence notices.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 17 Sep 2024 14:46:24 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2431355</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Optimising Alcohol Interlock Program Performance</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2335126</link>
      <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 06 Feb 2024 09:06:13 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2335126</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Effective alternatives to penalties for repeat driving offenders</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2112877</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The government’s ‘Road to Zero’ road safety strategy contains a review of the road safety penalties system. While for the majority of drivers, the current penalties (eg fines, licence suspensions or incarceration) provide a sufficient deterrent to offending, there remains a group of repeat offenders. The goal of this research, which was conducted from August 2021 to October 2022, was to identify the alternatives to penalties that would be most effective for this group in Aotearoa New Zealand. The research found that a core principle behind many of these alternatives is to treat the underlying issues in reoffenders, via education- and therapy-based approaches. The three most suitable alternatives to penalties for use in the Aotearoa context were examined in detail during two expert workshops, and these are recommended for implementation here: the Good Behaviour Bond; Driving Under the Influence courts (including the use of supportive technology such as alcohol interlocks); and a national driver intervention programme. Also recommended is the use of a cross-agency working group to address the following challenges around implementing such interventions: a review of central funding for these interventions; ways to ensure equitable entry to them; developing national standards to improve their consistency; improved support of commercial fleets to implement technological interventions for better fleet monitoring and safety; and the minimum requirements for intervention monitoring and evaluation.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 06 Feb 2023 15:41:56 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2112877</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Managing recidivist traffic offenders: what works?</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1896518</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Drivers who repeatedly and persistently engage in illegal and dangerous behaviours are a threat to the safety of other road users. The aim of this review is to identify various approaches used throughout the world to address recidivism among drivers convicted of offences related to drink and drug driving, speeding, unlicensed driving, and reckless or dangerous driving. Legal and administrative, non-punitive, and technological approaches to manage recidivists were identified. Based on the evidence, recidivism is most likely to be reduced through the use of an holistic and multifaceted approach that is tailored to a specific problem and which includes supervision, therapeutic intervention, and the incorporation of technologies to manage and monitor behaviour. The assessment of offender risk and early intervention will play an important role in this process. The rehabilitation of driving offenders that addresses underlying problems may produce benefits for the individual and society beyond improving road safety.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 09 Dec 2021 10:19:15 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1896518</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>The effect of sanctions on Victorian speeding drivers</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1670011</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Speeding is a major contributor to deaths and serious injuries in Australia. To assist in speed countermeasure development, VicRoads commissioned an examination of speeding offenders' characteristics, re-offence and casualty crashes during and after periods of licence sanctions. These analyses aimed to determine the effects of the following sanctions: licence bans; the increase in speeding ban periods and demerit points for higher level speeding offences; additional demerit point bans for high-range offenders in addition to a 12-month speeding ban; and the good behaviour bond available as an alternative to the license ban after reaching the demerit point threshold. The study had several positive findings, for example licence bans from speeding offences reduced speeding re-offending and casualty crashes; and there were lower re-offence rates for those who elected to take the good behaviour bond when reaching the demerit point limit.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 02 Dec 2019 15:42:40 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1670011</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Human factor considerations for a licensing point system</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1655057</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The New Zealand Transport Agency (Transport Agency) sought to better understand how licensing point systems (LPSs) operate, including how different population groups respond to LPSs. A literature review provided a theoretical background for understanding the functions of LPSs and factors that may influence LPS effectiveness. The LPSs that exist worldwide were studied to identify the features of a ‘best-practice’ system. The Transport Agency offence data for all New Zealand-licensed drivers from 2005 to 2014 was analysed to explore how individuals and cohort drivers respond to licensing points, and to identify factors that impact on the likelihood of multiple offending. An on-line survey of a representative sample of 999 New Zealand adult car-licence holders and focus groups with four key road-user groups (young novice drivers, Maori drivers, professional drivers and motor cyclists) were conducted to investigate knowledge of, and attitude toward, the LPS, as well as acceptability of possible refinements. Results suggested approaches for refining the LPS to strengthen deterrence for a substantial group of repeat offenders (including focus on key offences), and to enhance the ability of the LPS to identify, suspend and remediate the smaller group of incalcitrant recidivist offenders. Consistent enforcement, and initiatives to enhance public knowledge and awareness of the LPS and enforcement activities, are critical to supporting the system. Careful consideration of the broader policy implications of approaches to align with international best practice LPSs would be required before the adoption of approaches which effectively balance of deterrence, road safety and fairness.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 26 Sep 2019 12:21:15 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1655057</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Toward a performance-based approach to the Queensland Alcohol Ignition Interlock Program: the impact of performance record on risk of recidivism</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1603446</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Drink driving is a significant contributing factor to road trauma. The Queensland Alcohol Ignition Interlock Program (AIIP) aims to reduce drink driving recidivism among problematic offenders and has been evaluated to measure its effectiveness. Results of this evaluation revealed a significant reduction in drink driving recidivism associated with interlock fitment, but an increased risk from 55 days after removal, compared with those still suspended from driving. In addition, poor interlock use performance data was found to be predictive of a greater risk of future reoffending. These findings will inform future policy development to optimise the effectiveness of the AIIP in Queensland.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 02 May 2019 14:20:21 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1603446</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Utvärdering av alkolås efter rattfylleri: intervjustudie</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1492623</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A permanent alcohol interlock program for drink drivers came into force on 1 January 2012. The Swedish Transport Agency is responsible for the program which applies to all types of driver's licenses. The program includes both a one-year and a two-year alternative. The two-year program applies to offenders whom have committed a severe drink driving offence (BAC > 1 g/L, the legal limit in Sweden is 0.2 g/L), have an earlier offence within the previous five years, or have the diagnosis alcohol use disorder or alcohol dependence. All others are assigned to the one-year program. Several aspects of the alcohol interlock program are evaluated at VTI. This report presents the results of an interview study with a total of 31 drivers who had committed a drink driving offense. They were interviewed both at a meeting, and at follow-up telephone interviews. The drivers are 11 people who participated in the two-year program, 10 people who participated in the one-year program and 10 people who did not participate in the interlock program.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 19 Dec 2017 11:32:35 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1492623</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Understanding the context of alcohol consumption before driving for crash-involved drivers</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1492464</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Despite a discernible shift in public acceptability of alcohol impaired driving, it continues to be a major contributor to death and serious injuries on South Australian roads. High levels of alcohol intoxication are recorded for drivers and riders involved in crashes but little is known about the circumstances surrounding the decision to drive after consuming alcohol. Investigating the context of alcohol consumption is also timely as drinking patterns can change over time. Closed Coroner’s files for fatal crashes in South Australia from 2008 to 2010 were investigated with the aim of understanding the social context and circumstances surrounding alcohol consumption prior to crash involvement for drivers or riders with an illegal BAC. Official traffic offence records of drivers were also reviewed. Of the 284 fatal crashes included in the study, 34% (n=95) involved a driver or rider with an illegal BAC. The study found that alcohol consumption patterns have changed over time including a shift from drinking in hotel based premises to private homes, particularly in rural and remote areas. Of concern is the very high alcohol levels recorded by drivers, with a mean BAC that was over three times the legal limit and a level of alcohol dependence above the national average. The results confirm that drink driving recidivism continues to be a significant problem with 44% of drivers recording at least one prior alcohol offence. The findings from this study have important implications for the development of drink driving campaigns and interventions and will inform police alcohol enforcement strategies in South Australia.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 19 Dec 2017 11:10:18 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1492464</guid>
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