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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
    <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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      <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
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    <item>
      <title>RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SPRING COEFFICIENT OF FASTENING DEVICE AND RAIL OVERTURNING ANGLE</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/181963</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This report suggests the modified design method on fastening device and verifies the applicability of this method, which takes account of characteristics of soft track materials. Various calculated results are compared with test results.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sat, 30 Oct 1982 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/181963</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>TRACK COMPONENT PROPERTY TESTS. VOLUME II - RAIL, TIES, JOINT-BARS AND FASTENERS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/162125</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This report describes the test procedures and the results of the tests on the physical properties of rail, concrete ties, jointbars and fasteners. The properties obtained are the torsional rigidity of rail, bending rigidity of concrete ties, bending stiffness of jointbars and fastener resistance to rotation about the vertical, lateral and longitudinal axis. The components tests were run on two rail sections, 115 RE and 136 RE, on five different concrete ties, on 136 RE rail joint bars, and on five fasteners configurations on the two different rails on wood ties and two configurations on the 115 RE rail on concrete ties.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 19 Nov 1981 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/162125</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>RAILROAD ACCIDENT REPORT, ILLINOIS CENTRAL GULF RAILROAD COMPANY FREIGHT TRAIN DERAILMENT, HAZARDOUS MATERIAL RELEASE AND EVACUATION, MULDRAUGH, KENTUCKY, JULY 26, 1980</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/169159</link>
      <description><![CDATA[About 7:58 a.m., on July 26, 1980, 4 locomotive units and 17 cars, including 7 placarded tank cars containing hazardous materials, of Illinois Central Gulf Railroad Company freight train No. 64 were derailed while moving at a calculated speed of about 35 mph around a 6 degree curve in Muldraugh, Kentucky. Two tank cars of vinyl chloride were punctured and their contents burned. Flames impinged two other tank cars of vinyl chloride, causing one to vent toxic fumes, but neither car ruptured. About 6,500 persons were evacuated from Muldraugh and the U.S. Army installation at Fort Knox. Four train crewmembers were injured during the derailment, and property damage was estimated at $1,348,394. The National Transportation Safety Board determines that the probable cause of the accident was the tipping of the outside rail and widening of track gage in the 6 degree curve because of the combined effects of defective crossties, excessively worn rail, irregular alignment and gage, and the lateral forces produced by the train's speed. Inadequate maintenance and inspection practices of the Illinois Central Gulf Railroad allowed these conditions to remain uncorrected. Contributing to the accident was the inadequate Federal Track Safety Standards which failed to provide for a track structure commensurate with the permitted train speeds.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sat, 15 Aug 1981 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/169159</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>WHEEL LOAD PROBLEM SOLVERS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/167070</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Santa Fe has turned to resilient fasteners for critical curves in segments of wooden-tie track in Arizona where it was encountering rail overturning.  Pandrol and Springclip fasteners with their longitudinal clamping make rail anchors unnecessary; the stage could also be set for increased use of concrete ties.  Other applications have been made to prevent entry of sand that produces abrasive wear between tie plate and rail base, and to reduce maintenance requirements of bridges by preventing movement between tie plates and ties.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 09 Jul 1981 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/167070</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>DYNAMIC RAIL OVERTURNING: APPLICATION</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/168189</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A mathematical model of rail overturning was developed on paper entitled, "Dynamic Rail Overturning: Modelling." This model together with other defined parameters of the rail fasteners are utilized to investigate several case studies of dynamic behaviour of the rail.  Comparison between these dynamic cases and static tests has been done.  It is recommended that multiple axial load should be considered in the future dynamic studies.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 09 Jul 1981 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/168189</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>RAILROAD ACCIDENT REPORT--DERAILMENT OF AMTRAK TRAIN NO. 7, THE EMPIRE BUILDER, ON BURLINGTON NORTHERN TRACK, GLACIER PARK, MONTANA, MARCH 14, 1980</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/162352</link>
      <description><![CDATA[About 4:00 p.m., on March 14, 1980, westbound Amtrak passenger train No. 7, the Empire Builder, derailed two locomotive units and eight cars while moving at 37 mph through a 6 deg. 8 min. curve on the Burlington Northern track at Glacier Park, Montana. Of the 170 passengers and 20 crewmembers, 115 persons were injured; 35 of the injured were hospitalized. Property damage was estimated to be $546,800. The National Transportation Safety Board determines that the probable cause of this accident was the overturning of the outside rail of a 6 deg. 8 min. curve because the improperly maintained track could not sustain the lateral force generated by the acceleration of the locomotive in the curve. Contributing to the derailment was the failure of the railroad to issue a temporary slow order pending replacement of several defective rails.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 18 Feb 1981 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/162352</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>PERMISSIBLE LIMIT VALUES FOR THE Y AND Q FORCES AND DERAILMENT CRITERIA. EFFECT OF THE SPACING OF CONSECUTIVE AXLES ON THE MAXIMUM PERMISSIBLE VALUE OF LATERAL LOAD FROM THE POINT OF VIEW OF TRACK DISPLACEMENT. SECOND PART. TESTS ON BOGIE WAGONS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/15562</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The present report describes the results obtained with the two bogie vehicles successively: a summary of the programme of tests and results obtained with the two-axled wagon; a description of the test installation; the characteristics of the bogie vehicles; the conditions for the execution of the tests and the results obtained; and a comparative analysis of the results contained for the 3 types of vehicle.  These results show in particular that for closely spaced axles the value S sub lim related to the axle exposed to the highest lateral load in absolute numbers, varies with the ratio between the loads applied to 2 consecutive wheelsets, the minimum being reached when these 2 loads are equal.  This minimum does not significantly differ from the value S sub lim determined for the case of the single wheelset, for which it is close to (10 + p over 3) kN (P = axle-load) for the track conditions retained for the tests.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 06 Feb 1981 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/15562</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>COMPARISON OF PERFORMANCE OF WOOD-TIE FASTENERS AT FAST</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/159744</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The results of experiments with wood-tie fasteners at the Facility for Accelerated Service Testing are reported. Since the beginning of the use of 91-Mg (100-ton) freight cars, there has been an increasing problem with wood-tie fasteners.  The resulting high axle loads have caused an increase in the deterioration of wood ties from spike killing and tie-plate cutting and have taxed the cut-spike fastener to the limit in preventing rail roll-over and wide gage.  The objective of the  wood-tie fastener tests at the Facility for Accelerated Service Testing is to find an alternative to the cut spike that would alleviate some of the problems that have occurred in revenue service.  Two test cycles have been completed, and a third is currently being run.  In the first test, an excessive amount of rail wear, attributed to high flanging forces and a lack of effective lubrication, resulted in two rail transpositions. The rail was  regaged each time, which eventually "spike killed" the ties.  In the second test, in the elastic-clip segments, a large number of the hold-down fasteners failed, which resulted in wide gage.  This led to a redesign for the current test to incorporate four hold-down fasteners, twice as many as in the second test.  The results have not yet demonstrated that there is a wood-tie fastening system that will perform better than the cut spike.  The results of the third test, however, may change this conclusion.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 11 Dec 1980 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/159744</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>ENGINEERING OF RAIL FASTENING</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/159606</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Rail fasteners function not only to attach rails to crossties or slabs so that they cannot move under external forces such as those exerted by continuous welded rail, but also so they withstand the vibrations and impacts resulting from the passage of trains.  The evolution of methods for fastening rails from track spikes to those used on the Tokaido line are described.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 16 Sep 1980 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/159606</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>PRELIMINARY FIELD EVALUATION OF A TRACK STRENGTH TEST VEHICLE</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/151265</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This report presents the results of a preliminary field evaluation of the Track Strength Test Vehicle, the Decarotor.  The objectives of this test series are to define the capabilities and limitations of the test vehicle and to examine the capabilities of the system to measure track strength and identify "weak" track of yard quality.  The test results indicated that the system could successfully and repeatedly identify weaknesses in the track section such as poor joints or groups of ties in "poor" condition.  It was further noted that these tests could be performed at increasing speeds and without significant damage to the track structure.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 27 Aug 1980 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/151265</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>THEORETICAL FORMULATION OF RAIL OVERTURNING PROBLEM</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/153940</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Rail overturning occurs when the vertical and lateral loads exerted on the rail by wheels induce a moment about the outer edge of the base of the rail which is greater than the rail fastening system.  The theory presented herein is essentially based on a model proposed by Timoshenko and the finite element method developed by Baroum and Gallagher. The novelty of the theory is to include the effects of non-linear spring resistance and load eccentricity.  The theory has a wider application than that referred to in the article.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 22 Jul 1980 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/153940</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>EXPERIMENTAL VERIFICATION OF RAIL OVERTURNING THEORY</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/153941</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper shows the experimental verification of the theory presented in a separate paper.  The tests were performed by the Association of American Railroads (AAR) in November-December 1975.  The vertical, lateral and torsional resistances were obtained by numerous trials.  The torsional resistance was found to be the most important factor.  The comparison of theoretical and experimental results shows very good agreement.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 22 Jul 1980 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/153941</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>DYNAMIC RAIL OVERTURNING: MODELLING AND APPLICATION</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/154007</link>
      <description><![CDATA[An analytical model for examining the dynamic behavior of rail overturning has been developed by the authors in another paper.  This mathematical model of the rail-track system and dynamic equilibrium is utilized to determine the lateral deflection and rotation of the rail subjected to time-dependent lateral and vertical forces and constant axial force.  The analysis is based on linear elastic theory.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 26 Jun 1980 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/154007</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>CRITERIA FOR HIGH-SPEED CURVING OF RAIL VEHICLES</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/143229</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper proposes a set of criteria for the speed limits of rail vehicles in curves.  The criteria were compiled as a possible approach to permitting higher speeds in curves for vehicles designed for that purpose while not compromising safety or ride comfort.  The recommended performance criteria provide a complete range of conservative limits for the safety and comfort issues which relate directly to curving.  No element of the criteria represents an extreme value among those used by responsible authorities in current practice.  The work was performed as part of the Improved Passenger Equipment Evaluation Program, sponsored by the Federal Railroad Administration as a means of providing long-range planning for future improvements in passenger vehicles for the U.S. fleet.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 11 Feb 1980 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/143229</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>RAILROAD ACCIDENT REPORT: LOUISVILLE AND NASHVILLE RAILROAD COMPANY FREIGHT TRAIN DERAILMENT AND PUNCTURE OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS TANK CARS, CRESTVIEW, FLORIDA, APRIL 8, 1979</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/143951</link>
      <description><![CDATA[About 8 a.m., on April 8, 1979, 29 cars, including 26 placarded tank cars containing hazardous materials, of Louisville & Nashville Railroad Company freight train No. 403 derailed while moving around a curve between Milligan and Crestview, Florida. Two tank cars of anhydrous ammonia ruptured and rocketed. Twelve other cars containing acetone, methyl alcohol, chlorine, carbolic acid, and anhydrous ammonia ruptured, and their contents either burned or were consumed by fire. Fourteen persons were injured as a result of the release of anhydrous ammonia and other materials or during the evacuation of 4,500 persons. Property damage was estimated to be $1,258,500. The National Transportation Safety Board determines that the probable cause of this accident was the large compressive force generated between the 36th and 37th cars by a combination of excessive train tonnage and improper train handling which caused the 36th car to overturn the outside rail of the curve and derail. Contributing to the severe consequences of the accident was the release of anhydrous ammonia and other hazardous materials, through ruptures and punctures in the sides of the tank cars, which caused all of the injuries and led to the evacuation of 4,500 persons from the area.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 11 Feb 1980 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/143951</guid>
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