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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
    <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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      <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
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      <title>SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY OF SERUM DELTA(9)-TETRAHYDROCANNABINOL AND 11-NOR-9-CARBOXY-DELTA(9)-TETRAHYDROCANNABINOL BY RADIOIMMUNOASSAY IN IDENTIFYING HABITUAL DAILY SMOKERS OF MARIJUNA</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/301956</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The identification of the marijuana user by analysis of cannabinoids in biologic fluids has important appllications in many areas concerning the impact of environmental exposures to marijuana use, including forensic medicine and epidemiological research.  The RIA method use in the present study demonstrated high specificity and sensitivity in a sample of self-reported marijuana smokers and nonsmokers who had little reason to deceive the investigators regarding their true marijuana smoking patterns.  Similar to other methods, the use of RIA has certain advantages and limitations that should stimulate further research in developing and applying more accurate diagnostic tests.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 30 Nov 1989 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/301956</guid>
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      <title>DRUGS AND DRIVING: A SYSTEMATIC ANALYTICAL APPROACH</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/217672</link>
      <description><![CDATA[To collect useful epidemiological data about drug involvement in highway safety, it is essential that sensitive and specific analytical procedures be used to establish the presence of and to determine the concentrations of drugs and metabolites in samples collected from drivers.  This paper describes a comprehensive and systematic screening procedure requiring 6 mL of blood, which has been used for the analysis of samples collecting from injured and fatally injured drivers.  The procedure uses radioimmunoassay, gas chromatography with selective detectors, and high performance liquid chromatography.  Drugs and metabolites presumptively identified are then confirmed primarily using gas chromatography chemical ionization mass spectrometry.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sat, 31 Aug 1985 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/217672</guid>
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      <title>MEASUREMENT OF DELTA 9-TETRAHYDROCANNABINOL (THC) IN WHOLE BLOOD SAMPLES FROM IMPAIRED MOTORISTS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/217673</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The major psychoactive cannabinoid in marihuana, Delta 9 tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) was measured in 1792 randomly selected blood specimens from erratic motorists arrested for impairment who submitted to blood alcohol sampling.  Of these specimens, 14.4% were positive for THC (equal to or greater than 5.5 ng/mL).  In those erratic driver specimens negative for alcohol THC positives rose to 23%.  Drivers who used marihuana covered a broad age range.  Aliquots of hemolyzed blood 10 mu L) were analyzed by a sensitive radioimmunoassay (RIA) not requiring extraction.  RIA accuracy and specificity were validated by gas liquid chromatography/mass spectroscopy (GLC/MS) split pair analysis (correlation coefficient = 0.93).  This initial experience should facilitate and amplify a program designed to set forth the epidemiology of marihuana use in motorists and possible behavioral correlates.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sat, 31 Aug 1985 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/217673</guid>
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      <title>THE ANALYSIS OF DRUGS IN SMALL BLOOD SAMPLES BY RADIOIMMUNOASSAY</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/180364</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The use of radioimmunoassay (ria) for the analysis of drugs in small blood samples is described.  The method is particularly applicable to road traffic cases in which the blood-alcohol level is found to be low and the presence of drugs is suspected.  Since the volume of blood available is normally about 1-2 ml, sensitive analytical methods are required to detect drugs, particularly if they are present at therapeutic levels.  Ria is useful since a number of assays, each requiring only about 50 ul of blood, are available for commonly used or abused drugs.  Negative cases are eliminated from further investigation and, when positive results are obtained, sufficient sample remains for the ria results to be confirmed or for additional analysis to be carried out by alternative methods.  Ria techniques suitable for the analysis of small, haemolyzed blood samples are detailed and some of the results obtained over the past few years are discussed.  (TRRL)]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 30 Jun 1982 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/180364</guid>
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      <title>DEVELOPMENT AND APPLICATION OF ASSAYS FOR CANNABINOIDS IN BIOLOGICAL SAMPLES</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/180366</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Research investigations attempting to improve our understanding of how marijuana affects mental and physical functions have prompted a demand for qualitative and quantitative assays for identifying and measuring the constituents of marijuana in the human body.  There is also a growing need for suitable analytical methods for determining the presence of cannabinoids in drivers suspected of being under the influence of the drug.  The National Institute on Drug Abuse has developed many methods which are now routinely employed in drug abuse research. Marijuana's primary active constituent, delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (thc) is rapidly distributed and metabolized in the body, making its analysis a major challenge.  Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry methods were initially established and became the standard from which other methods were judged.  Several immunoassays have now been developed.  The emit kit detects the presence of cannabinoid metabolites in urine in a relatively simple, 1-minute assay.  Two similar radioimmunoassay (ria) kits have been developed for the quantification of thc in blood. All of these kits are undergoing field trials and may soon be available commercially.  Several applications of these assays and a brief summary of the metabolism and pharmacokinetics of the cannabinoids will be presented. (TRRL)]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 30 Jun 1982 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/180366</guid>
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      <title>THE DETERMINATION OF DRUGS IN BLOOD OF SUSPECTED DRUNKEN DRIVERS BY MEANS OF THE RADIOIMMUNOASSAY (RIA)</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/180367</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A 1978 sample of 10000 cases of suspected drinking drivers was checked for cases showing discrepancies between the level of blood alcohol and the degree of drunkenness evaluated clinically.  Blood samples of those individuals were selected that were exhibiting obviously high degrees of drunkenness whilst alcohol concentrations in the samples were below the level of 1 g % per thousand.  These samples were subjected to various radioimmunoassays, including morphine derivates, methaqualone, benzodiazepine, amphetamine, cocaine.  Additionally, the bromide concentration was determined.  Nearly 40% of all samples tested showed positive findings in these drug groups. Especially in the younger age groups, there were often two or three positive test results in one individual.  Drugs in combination were sometimes morphine, benzodiazepine, barbiturates and, to a smaller extent, amphetamines. Additional inquiries showed that individuals with multiple drugs in their blood usually belonged to the drug scene. The results of this investigation show that: (1) in relevant cases it is possible to find out the cause of lacking ability to drive a car.  (2) it is therefore necessary in cases where drunken driving is suspected to have a blood sample taken.  Conclusions cannot be drawn if only breath tests are done.  (3) there seem to be disadvantages in getting urine samples with the same aim in mind, since: (A) suspected individuals are allowed to refuse to give a urine sample, (b) results of tests on urine do not necessarily reflect the effects of drugs at the time of inquiry as do the blood samples, (C) specially the combined action of alcohol and drugs should be considered if positive test results are obtained on the same sample.  In order to have a chance to perform further control tests, and in relevant cases, to perform the radioimmunoassay for certain drugs, it is necessary to have a blood sample.  (TRRL)]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 30 Jun 1982 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/180367</guid>
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      <title>ALCOHOL AND DRUGS IN DRIVING ABILITY</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/180368</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Following a research program (sponsored by BAST and ADAC) regarding individuals suspected of driving under the influence of alcohol and/or drugs, a representative sampling of blood specimens (450 from 4000) has been analysed for the presence of drugs.  For this purpose radioimmunological analysis (ria) was employed for the detection of barbiturates, benzodiazepines, butyrophenones, opiates and methaqualone.  Positive results were found in 17.6% of the cases examined.  In addition to ria, gas chromatographic and mass spectrometric analysis was performed for further detection of drugs, which cannot be identified by the ria. The results of this study to date will be presented and discussed.  (TRRL)]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 30 Jun 1982 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/180368</guid>
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