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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
    <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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      <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
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    <item>
      <title>RADIO CONTROLLED COUNTER RESEARCH STUDY</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/118652</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A RESEARCH STUDY WAS MADE USING RADIO TRANSMISSION AS A MEDIUM TO CONVEY THE VEHICULAR TRAFFIC COUNT FROM A REMOTE TRAFFIC COUNTING STATION INTO THE STATE HEADQUARTERS OFFICE. THE VALUE OF USING RADIO TRANSMISSION FOR TRAFFIC COUNTING WAS DETERMINED IN TERMS OF DEPENDABILITY, ACCURACY, RANGE /DISTANCE FROM CENTRAL OFFICE/, AND REDUCTION OF PERSONNEL TIME IN FIELD SERVICE OF THE STATES COUNTING STATION. PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED WITH THE INSTALLATION AND OPERATION OF THE SYSTEM ARE DESCRIBED. TABULATION OF TRAFFIC COUNT FOR SEVERAL MONTHS OPERATION OF THE SYSTEM IS CONTAINED IN THE REPORT WITH AN ERROR PERCENTAGE CALCULATED FROM THE FIELD COUNT AND THE OFFICE COUNT.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 15 Aug 2004 02:00:50 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/118652</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>QUANTIFICATION OF ST. MARYS RIVER LORAN-C TIME DIFFERENCE GRID INSTABILITY. VOLUME I. TEMPORAL INSTABILITY</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/171658</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Time Difference (TD) data collected in the St. marys River Loran-C chain coverage area between May 1979 and May 1980 are analyzed to quantify previously-reported temporal TD grid instability. The data included TD samples, nominally recorded every 15 min. at three fixed site monitors and the System Area Monitor (SAM), Local Phase Adjustment (LPA) data, and meteorological data from the National Weather Service Station at Sault Sainte Marie, Michigan. Assorted non-parametric data analyses, including spectral and correlation analyses, are conducted to separate diurnal and seasonal components of grid instability and identify relationships among the various TDs. The relative magnitude of the seasonal TD variations and the correlation of pairs of TDs are not consistent with expected weather-related variations in signal propagation time, thereby suggesting that the grid instability may be partially transmitter and/or receiver-related. The Loran-C data are also employed to evaluate the U.S. Coast Guard low-density (five 15-min. samples, twice daily) data analysis approach. The low-density approach is found to be adequate for monitoring seasonal TD variations, but inadequate for monitoring diurnal variations. An increase in the sampling rate is recommended for low-density Loran-C data collection in harbors. (Author)]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 27 Feb 2003 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/171658</guid>
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      <title>APPLICATIONS GUIDE FOR PROPAGATION AND INTERFERENCE ANALYSIS COMPUTER PROGRAMS (0.1 TO 20 GHZ)</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/69909</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This report covers ten computer programs useful in estimating the service coverage of radio systems operating in the frequency band from 0.1 to 20 GHz. These programs may be used to obtain a wide variety of computer-generated microfilm plots such as transmission loss versus path length and the desired- to-undesired signal ratio at a receiving location versus the distance separating the desired and undesired transmitting facilities. Emphasis is placed on the types of outputs available and the input parameter requirements. The propagation model used with these programs is applicable to air/ground, air/air, ground/satellite, and air/satellite paths. It can also be used for ground-to-ground paths that are line-of-sight or smooth earth. Detailed information on the propagation models and software involved is not provided. The normal use made of these programs involves a Dapartment of Commerce (DOC) response to a Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) ARD-60 request for computer output and reimbursement to the DOC by the FAA for the associated costs. (Author)]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 19 Jul 2002 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/69909</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>AIRCRAFT COMMUNICATIONS INTERFERENCE TESTS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/41331</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This report covers tests conducted to determine the possible causes of interference to aircraft very high frequency (vhf) voice communications resulting from transmissions from the vhf digital data link system operating onboard the same aircraft. Tests were conducted to determine aircraft vhf antenna isolation and vhf receiver response. The tests show that isolation depends on the physical positioning of the antennas on the airframe and that existing isolation (found to be as little as 23 dB) can realistically cause interference or quieting between transceivers even though they are operating at different frequencies up to 4 MHz apart. It was also found that transceiver design affects the rejection of undesired received signals. It was recommended that maximum isolation be maintained between aircraft antennas, receiver design be optimized for rejection of undesired signals, and cockpit communications discipline be used. (Author)]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 23 Jun 2002 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/41331</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>EFFECTS OF HIGH LATITUDE GEOPHYSICAL EVENTS IN THE AERONAUTICAL RADIO FREQUENCY BANDS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/41335</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The aim of the task is to 'formulate a plan for and begin to search, extract, interpret, correlate, and display solar/geophysical disturbance description and impact on radio services' in various aeronautical-service frequency bands from 10 KHz to 300 GHz. It qualitatively describes the sort of data available and some of the possible ways the data can be presented. A description of radio effects caused by various phenomena is compiled from past work done primarily by Geophysical Institute personnel in the frequency range 10 KHz to 1.5 GHz as illustrative examples. These results are presented in tables that illustrate both the temporal and frequency effects of each of the geophysical phenomena considered. It is concluded that a more thorough study of the literature could provide the material necessary for a practical high-latitude communications handbook for airmen.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 23 Jun 2002 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/41335</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>WIRELESS LOCAL AREA NETWORK FOR ITS COMMUNICATIONS USING THE 220 MHZ ITS SPECTRAL ALLOCATION</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/666368</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The objective of this project was to design a radio architecture using the Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) spectral allocations in the 220-222 MHz Land Mobile band which provides a multi-mode operation optimized for point-to-point, mobile, and multiple access communications.  A radio performance goal was to achieve greater than 3 bits/second/Hz transmission efficiency for mobile applications, and greater than a 5 bits/second/Hz transmission efficiency for point-to-point applications.  An additional important goal of this project was to explore potential ITS applications of the modem technology particularly as applied to an application in sensor telemetry concentration. The fixed point modem will be deployed for remote surveillance camera control as a part of the Borman Expressway Advanced Traffic Management System in northern Indiana.  In addition, a version of this communications architecture is being considered as a product for ITS applications by Welkin Systems of San Diego, California.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 12 Oct 2000 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/666368</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>MANAGING EMC PROBLEMS ON RAILWAYS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/539105</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) compliance is now an essential feature  of any product development for railway applications given the stringent requirements for reliability and safety.  In some territories such as Europe there are legal obligations for demonstrating conformity with essential requirements for EMC.  The challenge for designers is to achieve the EMC objectives in addition to the functional specification requirements.  The article discusses the ways this complex issue can be managed effectively by the application of tried and tested control methods.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 15 Sep 1998 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/539105</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>SPREAD SPECTRUM APPLICATIONS FOR SURFACE TRANSPORTATION</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/486781</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper is an introduction to the world of spread spectrum radio.  It provides some comparisons of various spread spectrum radio technologies for use in the urban environment.  In particular, it addresses some demonstrations and experiments conducted by ARINC in the past 12 months using both 900-MHz and 2,400-MHz units for data communications.  These results of those demonstrations were better than expected on the Mississippi River in the New Orleans downtown area.  Trade-offs for using spread spectrum radios in the transit environment are discussed together with advantages and disadvantages of their use. The paper also addresses the criteria for various transit applications and some of the pitfalls to be avoided in the selection of operating parameters, especially when multiple radios are used nearby.  A comparison of the use of directional and omnidirectional antennas with trade-offs for allowed radiated power is also discussed.  The alternatives of data rate and bandwidth versus range and reliability are shown as the classic trade-off for performance.  Although this paper is not intended as a primer for spread spectrum radio, the fundamentals and principles are covered as an integral part of understanding the problems inherent in their use.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 12 Jun 1998 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/486781</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>RURAL TRANSIT TRAVELER DEVELOPMENTS IN ITS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/574818</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The key to increasing ridership on public transit systems is to provide a pleasurable and convenient mode of transportation to its patrons.  Not knowing the exact time of bus arrival at a stop usually adds to the inconvenience of having to wait in the elements.  Providing up to date information on a bus's status can greatly reduce the anxiety most people feel at a transit stop.  Providing this information at the stop, or through other suitable means, may greatly enhance the attraction of using the transit system.  One such operational test is being conducted by the Center for Transportation Research at Virginia Tech and Blacksburg Transit (BT) to gauge the impact of providing up to date vehicle information to the rural transit traveler.  The project started in early August 1996 and will span 18 months until completion.  The community of Blacksburg makes for an ideal test ground for a transit operational test.  The presence of a huge college population in a rural setting creates transit issues that mirror those of an urban center.  At the same time, the population density of Blacksburg reflects a rural setting. The initial operational test calls for equipping 36 BT vehicles with GPS/AVL equipment.  The equipment to be installed on the vehicles consists of a GPS receiver, a Vehicle Module (VM) and a two-way radio.  The position signal from the satellites is acquired by the GPS receiver and transferred to the VM.  The VM modulates this location information and transfers it to the base station using the two-way radio.  At the base station, this signal is demodulated by the Base-Station Module and the location information is made available in a MS Access, database. The base station consists of a two-way radio, Base Station Module (BSM) and a couple of Personal Computers (PCs).  One of the PCs controls the communications link between the VM and the BSM, while the other PC acts as a data processor and a server for the Internet connection.  The vehicles are polled to determine their status.  That is, the base station sends out a poll signal on a predetermined RF channel and only the polled vehicle responds.  The location data from the vehicles is compiled in the Access database on one of the PCs.  The ETA of each vehicle at a bus stop is calculated using historic data and reduction algorithms.  This ETA information is then available to be accessed by the general public through the Internet, Audiotex, kiosk, cable TV and displays at the bus stops.  The Internet web page will reside at the server and can be updated using the ETA database.  An audiotex card will be installed in the PC that can be accessed through a dial-in line.  The ETA information will also be sent to a local FM station to be transmitted on the airwaves using an FM subcarrier.  The display units at the bus stops will receive the ETA information through this FM subcarrier.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 18 Nov 1997 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/574818</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>APPLICATION OF 'ITS' IN SIGNAL SYNCHRONIZATION</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/574409</link>
      <description><![CDATA[With the passing of the Clean Air Act Amendments (CAAA) of 1990, there are several traffic control measures (TCMs) which are implemented by transportation agencies to efficiently use existing transportation systems to improve traffic flow and reduce air pollution.  A majority of the TCMs are adopted under Transportation System Management (TSM) programs by public agencies such as Los Angeles County Metropolitan Transportation Authority (MTA).  Multijurisdictional/Intrajurisdictional traffic signal synchronization is a new concept that is being adopted by most transportation agencies under TSM programs.  To achieve signal coordination along multijurisdictional corridors it is essential to communicate between each signal and transfer data through the network.  Under Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS), the tools available for signal synchronization are fiber optics, microwave, infrared laser link, spread spectrum radio and satellite.  The above technologies can be used for various traffic monitoring purposed such as two-way communications, data transfer, real-time traffic operation, traffic data collection, study of platoon types and incident detection.  For purposes of monitoring synchronized signals and multi-modal systems using ITS technology, Traffic Operation Centers (TOCs) and Traffic Management Centers (TMCs) are being developed.  Also, the paper will present the performance evaluation results of a 'before' and 'after' study conducted for a multijurisdictional traffic signals (113 signals and 6 agencies) interconnect project completed in the Western San Bernardino County, California.  In this project the existing interconnect system was upgraded using WWV clocks and part of the interconnect system was coordinated using microwave technology.  Funding for this project was provided by Southern California Air Quality Management District.  The results indicate that a system wide travel performance improved 15%, percent stops decreased by 17% and fuel consumption decreased by 12%.  The system wide emission reduction was 14% Carbon Monoxide, 14% Nitrous Oxides and 15% Reactive Organic Gases.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 26 Aug 1997 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/574409</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>DATA COLLECTING METHOD IN TAXI DISPATCHING SYSTEM</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/462166</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The automatic vehicle monitoring system (taxi-fleet dispatching system) used for radio control and dispatch of a taxi fleet should collect data of taxi fleet locations and their operating status by using radio channels for dispatch control and communications.  It is very important to rapidly collect data necessary for the dispatch control without affecting voice communications in order to efficiently dispatch the fleet. A data collecting system was developed for taxi dispatching, which is applicable for the business radio channels of two-frequency half-duplex--typically used for taxi radio operation.  In the new system, such characteristics are so well utilized that the voice communications used in taxi fleet dispatching operation are almost voice communications transmitted from the base station. Two special features of the system are:  (1) polling can be performed by synchronizing with the voice communications irregularly transmitted from the base station and (2) the sequential order of polling can be changed according to the status of each taxi vehicle previously gathered.  In the case of urgent dispatch of a taxi vehicle, the location data of vacant vehicles available in the area of a certain radius of a specific location can be collected.  In addition to these functions, when a taxi vehicle encounters any important circumstances or changes in view of the taxi fleet management, the taxi vehicle concerned can voluntarily originate a transmission of its data to the base station without waiting for the polling sequential order.  The taxi dispatching system employing the above mentioned data collecting method is now used successfully throughout Japan.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 23 Jun 1996 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/462166</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>THE GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/458149</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Soon after the Soviets launched Sputnik in 1957, some scientists and engineers realized that radio transmissions from a satellite in a well-defined orbit could indicate the position of a receiver on the ground. The procedure uses the Doppler shift of radio signals as the satellite passes overhead. (A similar Doppler shift accounts for the sudden change in the tone of a train whistle as a locomotive speeds by.) Using this method, the U.S. Navy pioneered the "Transit" satellite positioning system during the 1960s. This article traces the development of Global Positioning System technology (GPS) as it exists today, its many uses, current new developments, and where GPS technology and policy is headed.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 15 Mar 1996 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/458149</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>THE TAXICAB AS PHONE COMPANY</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/364458</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Article discussing the multi-million dollar business of voice and data communications rights via taxicab dispatching services. Includes estimates of the worth of Fleet Call Inc., in Rutherford, New Jersey, ($54 million) and Motorola's control of frequency channels worth about $2 billion or more. Competition between cellular operation and the new digital technology, the Motorola Integrated Radio System (MIRS), will create even more profit for the communications giant.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 29 Feb 1996 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/364458</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>TREND OF NEW TRAIN CONTROL SYSTEMS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/457490</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A new train control system using radio communication, positioning sensor and microcomputer has been researched and developed in world railways for about ten years.  With the same understanding of the final goal, these systems are now different from one another in the developed status and the process searching it.  Their trends are outlined here, including the backgrounds, and some comments on the future prospective.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 21 Feb 1996 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/457490</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>SYSTEM AND METHOD; PATENT</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/448721</link>
      <description><![CDATA[An improved system and method for detecting and positively identifying with enhanced IFF techniques an object or target from an interrogator platform where the area outwardly of and about the platform is suitably surveyed for detecting an object and where the platform is on the earth's surface, in the air or space so long as the platform and detected object to be identified are both within the envelop defined by the Global Position System (GPS) or the like. The system for carrying out the method can be generally made up of a GPS receiver, a programmed central processor unit and combined transceiver/antenna means. The GPS receiver of any platform after detecting an object advantageously functions to obtain the platform geoposition. Then by suitable means or by the cooperation of the programmed processor and antenna means obtain the bearing of the detected object. The detected object is then interrogated with an encrypted IFF signal as to the estimated position of the detected object. The signal also includes a region of uncertainty about the estimated position to assure positive object identification Although the improved system has extensive military applications, it may readily be used for peaceful purposes. Because signal directivity is not required, an antenna of simple omnidirectional design may be used for any platform and object as well as any set of different frequencies for interrogating and receiving a response to the interrogation.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 02 Jan 1996 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/448721</guid>
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