<rss version="2.0" xmlns:atom="https://www.w3.org/2005/Atom">
  <channel>
    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
    <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
    <atom:link href="https://trid.trb.org/Record/RSS?s=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" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml" />
    <description></description>
    <language>en-us</language>
    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
    <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
    <image>
      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
      <url>https://trid.trb.org/Images/PageHeader-wTitle.jpg</url>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
    </image>
    <item>
      <title>Objective Assessment of Maritime Vhf Communication Competence Using a Real-Time Simulation Framework</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2720269</link>
      <description><![CDATA[VHF radiotelephony remains a fundamental component of maritime safety and is mandated by the STCW Convention as an essential operational competency for seaferer. However, existing studies largely focus on basic button-level interaction and rarely incorporate real-time voice transmission, multi-user communication, or standardized performance assessment. This study introduces a simulation system for the Sailor SP3520 portable VHF radio developed in Unity, integrating real-time voice exchange through the UDP protocol combined with Photon Voice. The framework accurately reproduces half-duplex behaviour, communication latency, channel switching, scanning modes, power settings, and Push-to-Talk operations, while supporting STCW/SMCP-based training scenarios. A multi-dimensional competency assessment rubric was designed to evaluate learner performance in technical operation, phraseology, situational awareness, and radio discipline. A pilot study involving second-and third-year students demonstrates clear cohort-based performance differentiation, consistent error reduction patterns, and procedural compliance trends aligned with training progression. The core contribution is a multi-dimensional performance assessment framework that combines system-logged interaction data with a structured rubric to quantify technical accuracy, channel selection errors, Push-to-Talk misuse, and teamwork-related radio discipline. The findings confirm the potential of Unity-based VHF simulation as a reliable tool for STCW-compliant training and highlight its applicability for multi-user and remote learning environments in the digital transformation of maritime education.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 30 Jun 2026 09:45:06 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2720269</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>GPS Synchronization of Audio Watermarks in the Maritime Automatically Identified Radiotelephony</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1896265</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Audio watermarking (AW) technology in cooperation with GPS synchronization of watermarked frames is proposed for application in the maritime VHF communication for automatic identification of radiotelephone messages. Automatic identification ensures efficient messaging from the very beginning of a radio transmission, while eliminating the human factor inherent in voice identification. AW refers to inaudible embedding of additional data just into the post microphone signal, using standard marine installations without any additional radio channel resources. The designed algorithm is based on data embedding in the Fast Fourier Transform domain with the rate of 32 bit/s. The experimental prototype of the device is designed on the base of micro-controller development kit 32F429IDISCOVERY and GPS module NEO-6M-0-001. Designed system, applied for automatic ship’s identification, provides the full compatibility with the existing radio installation, and does not require replacement of standard VHF transceivers and operational procedures. Besides automatic identification the system may be used in the special applications, for example, by the threat of terrorist attack; generally contributes to navigation safety and information security.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 29 Dec 2021 14:43:17 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1896265</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>A Survey of Vessel Traffic and International VHF Radio Communications Before and After Centralization of Vessel Traffic Control in Tokyo Bay</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1746155</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Tokyo Bay is one of the most congested areas in the world, where about 500 vessels come and go every day. In the past, the traffic control room of each port was located around the bay, but Tokyo Bay vessel traffic control was unified to improve chronic traffic congestion and emergency vulnerability, and it was integrated into the Tokyo Wan Vessel Traffic Service Center in Yokohama. While the number of vessels in the bay is gradually decreasing, the total tonnage of the vessels is increasing year by year, and the importance of traffic control for large vessels is further increasing. In this study, in response to the centralization of Tokyo Bay vessel traffic control, the authors investigated the changes in vessel traffic in the bay using speed data by AIS and based on the actual situation of vessel traffic and vessel-land communication using international VHF radiotelephone, the authors proposed a more efficient vessel-land communication method to improve safety of vessel. As a result of the survey, it was found that the speed of large vessels increased, and the proportion of information provision increased due to centralization.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 15 Dec 2020 10:15:53 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1746155</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>A New Structural Template Design of Control Instruction for Semantic Analysis</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1635017</link>
      <description><![CDATA[To solve conflicts attributable to controller error, automatic speech recognition (ASR) and natural language processing (NLP) can be used to extract control instruction for first-time understanding, avoiding potential conflict. The semantic understanding of the control instruction is crucial to the final judgment of scene conflict. Therefore, a new structural template is proposed, which is designed according to both the rule of radiotelephony air-ground communication and dependent grammar. In order to understand the verb-argument-relationship, the theory of case grammar is given. This template can better analyze the control instruction in the actual working environment and realize the function of automatic understanding of the control instruction. ASR and NLP will be applied to turn control speech into structured control instruction. Finally, the experimental results show that the template can be used to understand the control instruction automatically.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 13 Aug 2019 09:26:57 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1635017</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Methodology for Training in the Use of Radiotelephone Procedures in the Navy</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1493650</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Learning the radiotelephone procedures and rules for naval operations in allied and coalition format is a challenge for the training of communications specialists. This paper proposes a training methodology developed on the basis of an adaptation of the approach described in Allied Communications Publication – ACP 125 Communication Instructions Radiotelephone Procedures. An experience acquired after many years of studying the document with cadets from the Bulgarian Naval Academy is shared. The paper identifies the main paragraphs subject to adaptation, lists the added examples and explanations, and points out some specific features during the practical play through of scenarios in simulation environment.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 02 Jan 2018 10:43:42 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1493650</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Ways to Improve Radiotelephone Procedures Training for the Navy</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1466788</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Every type of training can be improved. Trying to find ways to do so is a continuous process. The identification and implementation of the most effective of those can only be adequate to the changing environment in case of objective review, comparison and analysis. This paper discusses some approaches whose adoption can lead to the enhancement of the training for radio operators for working in tactical net-works for the Navy. It also shares some experience from the implementation of such methods when training cadets at the Bulgarian Naval Academy.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 25 May 2017 14:02:14 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1466788</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>ECDIS Modernization for Enhancing Addressed VHF Communication</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1368666</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Standard ECDIS configuration doesn’t foresee interaction with Digital Selective Calling (DSC) device. The authors propose a reasonable way to eliminate the drawbacks of existing VHF radiotelephony using DSC and obtain new advantages in communication and navigation in the frame of existing conventional installations. The proposed innovation is based on ECDIS software updating and the interconnection to DSC equipment. ECDIS modernization would get rid a navigator of the routine procedures and handling with abstract data replacing them by understandable actions on ECDIS display. The proposed integration gives new abilities for smart addressed VHF/DSC communication by estimating the current navigational situation around the ship that is especially important in congested ports, waterways and poor visibility regarding human factor. The proposed modernization retains in operation all standard DSC and ECDIS functions and provides full compatibility with commonly used non-integrated equipment. Financial expenses to its implementation for ship-owner are minimal due to only software updating and standard cabling.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 25 Sep 2015 16:30:49 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1368666</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Stealthy Information Transmission in the Terrestrial GMDSS Radiotelephone Communication</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1285548</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Audio watermarking (AW) technology is considered for stealthy information embedding directly into audio signal. Inherent in analog radiotelephone channel interferences against watermarks are analyzed. Robust encoding/decoding algorithms are presented and appropriate project of AW system named as Automatic Radio Telephone Identification System (ARTIS) is proposed. Experimental results for the practical VHF radio channel are presented. Relating on processing complexity the designed system enables imperceptibly transmit data on a rate up to 260 bit/sec in the standard VHF radio channel. ARTIS provides the full compatibility with the existing radio installation, and doesn’t require replacement of standard VHF transceivers and operational procedures. Besides, automatic identification the system may be used in the special applications, for example, under the threat of terrorist attack; generally contributes to navigation safety and information security.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 25 Feb 2014 09:15:15 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1285548</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>A Study of Installation of VHF Radiotelephone to Small Ship and Communication with Large Ship --Present Conditions of Ships Common Communications System after Enforcement-</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1284473</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The installation of a very high frequency (VHF) radiotelephone is required for ships with more than 100 tons of gross tonnage. However, in the case of the other small ships it was arbitrary. For that reason, it was difficult to install a VHF radiotelephone easily with a small ship, and to establish a mutual understanding by using a VHF radiotelephone between all ships. By partial revision of the Radio Law etc. in October, 2009, a VHF radiotelephone can be installed easier than before. In this study, first of all, these data were clarified and the actual condition by the field survey in a fishery cooperative association and a marina investigated the actual condition of the issue of radio operator license and radio station license using databases of Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications. Secondly, these data were acquired by conducting the experiment which used handy type of a VHF radiotelephone between GINGAMARU and TOBAMARU, NIPPONMARU and a personal water craft (for leisure). As a result, these revealed that the range which can communicate a VHF radiotelephone of handy type, and some remaining regulatory issues etc. are presented.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 24 Jan 2014 14:29:38 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1284473</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Comparison of signal quality of present and alternative maritime VHF communication systems</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1262135</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper presents an analysis, based on the simulation model, of the existing broadband and alternative narrowband maritime very high frequency (VHF) radiotelephone communication systems. The alternative system proposed by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) organization is one of the possible solutions to the lack of communication channels in the maritime VHF bands. The influence of changes in the modulation process on the quality of information in the maritime VHF radiotelephone communications is examined using a computer simulation model taking into account all the relevant technical characteristics of maritime VHF radiotelephone equipment. The process of evaluating the quality of speech signals was carried out by means of an objective quality assessment technology using a computer program that implements perceptual evaluation of speed quality (PESQ) algorithm which ensures the comparability of obtained results with the traditional method of subjective evaluation of signal quality. The process of quality assessment was conducted using four standardized sample voice signals with different influences of external interference on the communication channel. Analysis of the results confirms the possibility of using alternative communication systems.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 20 Sep 2013 16:31:31 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1262135</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Human machine interface design for driver information systems</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1210835</link>
      <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sat, 25 Aug 2012 01:01:45 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1210835</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>U.S. Airline Transport Pilot International Flight Language Experiences, Report 6: Native English-Speaking Controllers Communicating With Non-Native English-Speaking Pilots</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1100695</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In 1998, the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) took a heightened interest in the role of language in airline accidents. Member states agreed to take steps to ensure air traffic control personnel and flight crews involved in flight operations where the use of the English language is required were proficient in conducting and comprehending radiotelephony communications in English. Since then, ICAO developed its English language requirements and urged its members to document their English Language Proficiency (ELP) test implementation plans by March 8, 2008. This report is a compilation of written responses and comments by a group of 48 U.S. pilots of their difficulties in international operations. There were 12 international U.S. pilots from American, Continental, Delta, and United Airlines. In this report, the pilots’ responses to questions 54-59 and their comments from discussions of those questions with 2 interviewers are presented as a compiled narrative. The authors  derived 5 recommendations from these interviews. (1) Research is needed to determine the optimal speech rate for ATC messages. (2) ATC messages must be delivered using standard ICAO terms and phraseology. (3) Graphic and text representations of taxi clearances, route clearances, and route modifications should be made available to pilots on the flight deck as stand-alone messages. (4) Research is needed to identify how controllers communicate nonstandard situations (e.g., maneuvering around thunderstorms, traffic conflicts, delays). (5) Research is needed to determine the extent to which the absence of party-line information has on situational awareness and safety prior to takeoff and landing as pilots attempt to discern the intentions (and potential threat) of other pilots (especially those less proficient in English).]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 18 May 2011 13:23:09 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1100695</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>RADIO AIDS TO MARINE NAVIGATION, PACIFIC AND WESTERN ARCTIC 2001</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/755141</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The main purpose of this publication is to present information in a convenient form on radio communications and radio navigational aids services provided by Fisheries & Oceans Canada.  Part 1 provides mariners with advance information on proposed changes to the Coast Guard Marine Communications and Traffic Services Centres, and includes the Canadian Maritime Mobile Safety and Public Correspondence communication frequencies.  Part 2 lists detailed operational information about individual marine communications and navigation facilities and part 3 contains consolidated information on Vessel Traffic Services.  Part 4 describes various maritime services available, together with general observations or directions for their use. For vessels with radiotelephones but without radio operators, this part also includes radiotelephone procedures.  Part 5 provides all relevant information concerning Environment Canada services in marine meteorology that are delivered by the Canadian Coast Guard.  The final part provides information on the Loran-C navigation system.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 05 Apr 2005 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/755141</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>VESSEL TRAFFIC SYSTEMS ISSUE STUDY. VOLUME 2. REPORT ON THE ISSUES</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/14303</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A study on Vessel Traffic Systems is presented in four volumes. Volume Two presents the findings of the study including a synopsis of the contractor's work and all conclusions and recommendations. Portions of this document are not fully legible.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 05 Apr 2002 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/14303</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS FOR INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/459979</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The ultimate selection of particular mobile communications systems will greatly affect the viability of any Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) network, so this decision must be based on a clear understanding of the costs and other performance parameters of the various technologies available. This book is the result of a comprehensive literature review of wireless communications technologies. The review has been supplemented with personal interviews conducted with industry representatives and Department of Transportation officials.  As the research progressed, the leading wireless technologies selected for detailed evaluation were identified: cellular telephony, personal communications services, cordless telephony, radiopaging, private land mobile radio, radio data networks, wireless local area networks, terrestrial microwave relay, satellites, and meteor burst.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 02 Jul 1996 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/459979</guid>
    </item>
  </channel>
</rss>