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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
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    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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      <title>Mapping Urban Excavation Induced Deformation in 3D via Multiplatform InSAR Time-Series</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2543884</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Excavation of a subway station and rail crossover cavern in downtown Los Angeles, California, USA, induced over 1.8 cm of surface settlement between June 2018 and February 2019 as measured by a ground-based monitoring system. Point measurements of surface deformation above the excavation were extracted by applying Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) time-series analyses to data from multiple sensors with different wavelengths. These sensors include C-band Sentinel-1, X-band COSMO-SkyMed, and L-band Uninhabited Aerial Vehicle SAR (UAVSAR). The InSAR time-series point measurements were interpolated to continuous distribution surfaces, weighted by distance, and entered into the Minimum-Acceleration (MinA) algorithm to calculate 3D displacement values. This dataset, composed of satellite and airborne SAR data from X, C, and L band sensors, revealed previously unidentified deformation surrounding the 2nd Street and Broadway Subway Station and the adjacent rail crossover cavern, with maximum vertical and horizontal deformations reaching 2.5 cm and 1.7 cm, respectively. In addition, the analysis shows that airborne SAR data with alternative viewing geometries to traditional polar-orbiting SAR satellites can be used to constrain horizontal displacements in the North-South direction while maintaining agreement with ground-based data.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 29 Apr 2025 17:02:44 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2543884</guid>
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      <title>Gaze Control of Millimeter Wave Radar for Pedestrian Detection</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1282190</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Pedestrian detection is one of the key technologies for driver assistance systems. This paper proposes a sensor fusion system for pedestrian detection using an electrically-scanned millimeter wave radar and a stereovision. To improve the sensitivity of the radar for pedestrians, the system controls the directivity of the radar beam on the basis of the detection results from the stereovision. And the reliability for the detected radar signals is estimated by using the Dempster-Shafer evidence theory in order to determine precisely whether pedestrians are present or not. Some experiments in a road environment confirm the effectiveness of the proposed system.歩行者に対する検出性能を向上するためミリ波レーダとステレオビジョンの融合手法を提案する．歩行者はレーダにとって検出が難しい対象である．そこで，提案手法ではステレオビジョンの結果に基づいてレーダの指向性を制御し，検出信号の強度から信頼性を判定する．走行環境での定量評価により提案手法の有効性を示す．]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 12 Mar 2014 10:34:43 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1282190</guid>
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      <title>AN EVALUATION OF DATA AVAILABLE FROM THE SAN FRANCISCO HARBOR ADVISORY RADAR SYSTEM</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/14419</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A two-week sample of the statistical data now being accumulated from the San Francisco Harbor Advisory Radar system was examined and analyzed. Errors and limitations of the existing data and data reduction processes are determined and analysis procedures are explored. The existing data and data reduction processes are determined and analysis procedures are explored. The existing data base consists of computer cards, unit logs, and films from the radar. The principal results of the analysis indicate that detailed origin-destination information is readily available while ship tracks and analysis of traffic conflicts is expensive to obtain. An analysis of data errors was made and techniques were developed to profile vessel speeds and miss distances. (Modified author abstract)]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 25 Mar 2003 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/14419</guid>
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      <title>EFFECTIVENESS OF AUTOMATED SPEED-MONITORING CAMERAS IN KUWAIT</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/577355</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In 1994 the General Traffic Department installed automatic radar cameras to monitor traffic speed at a number of strategic roadway locations in Kuwait.  The aim was to lower the number of high-speed violations and thus reduce road accidents.  Recent traffic safety records point to an increase in both the number of violations and the occurrence of road accidents.  It is argued in this paper that without live enforcement support and active follow-up of camera-recorded violations, the effectiveness of these cameras in improving road safety is insignificant at best, particularly in the undisciplined driving environment of the oil-rich nations in the Middle East.  The speed of traffic was simultaneously measured via radar instruments both at the automatic camera site and at sections approximately 1 km before or after or before and after the cameras at eight camera locations.  Measurements were recorded for six 1/2-hr periods at each site for a total of 72 hr over a period of 3 months, so that morning, afternoon, and after-dark hours, as well as different days of the week and roadway types, were covered.  Analysis of the speed data showed that for the three daily periods and various roadway types, traffic speeds were consistently higher in sections before or after or before and after the automatic camera at the camera site.  Statistical tests indicated that the difference in speed measured at and away from the cameras was at the 99% level.  The findings demonstrate that in a traffic environment characterized by poor driving behavior, inconsistent and piecemeal driver education programs, and insufficient presence of law enforcement officials, reliance on automatic cameras alone to reduce traffic violations is doomed to fail.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 06 Oct 1997 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/577355</guid>
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      <title>NON-VOICE CONTROL OF GENERAL AVIATION AIRCRAFT IN THE TERMINAL ENVIRONMENT</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/49218</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The problem of maneuvering low performance general aviation aircraft through congested airspace around busy terminal areas using VFR "highways" is studied, with particular emphasis upon the use of processed radar data and data link for commands.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 31 Aug 1977 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/49218</guid>
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      <title>INSTIGATION OF SHORT-PULSE TECHNOLOGY FOR SURVEILLANCE (DATA ACQUISITION) AND PRECISION AIRCRAFT NAVIGATION</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/24592</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The continuing growth of air traffic has exposed many of the limitations of the air traffic control system now in use and has produced a wide-spread awareness of the need for advanced research and innovative long-term planning to meet future needs. It has become evident that major improvements are needed in the quality of the surveillance data that is currently obtained from the radars and transponder beacons which provide information to the controllers and ATC computers. We propose that short-pulse time-of-arrival data acquisition techniques be investigated as an alternative to the radar data system in current use.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 05 Sep 1974 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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