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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
    <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
    <atom:link href="https://trid.trb.org/Record/RSS?s=PHNlYXJjaD48cGFyYW1zPjxwYXJhbSBuYW1lPSJkYXRlaW4iIHZhbHVlPSJhbGwiIC8+PHBhcmFtIG5hbWU9InN1YmplY3Rsb2dpYyIgdmFsdWU9Im9yIiAvPjxwYXJhbSBuYW1lPSJ0ZXJtc2xvZ2ljIiB2YWx1ZT0ib3IiIC8+PHBhcmFtIG5hbWU9ImxvY2F0aW9uIiB2YWx1ZT0iMCIgLz48L3BhcmFtcz48ZmlsdGVycz48ZmlsdGVyIGZpZWxkPSJpbmRleHRlcm1zIiB2YWx1ZT0iJnF1b3Q7UmF0aW9zJnF1b3Q7IiBvcmlnaW5hbF92YWx1ZT0iJnF1b3Q7UmF0aW9zJnF1b3Q7IiAvPjwvZmlsdGVycz48cmFuZ2VzIC8+PHNvcnRzPjxzb3J0IGZpZWxkPSJwdWJsaXNoZWQiIG9yZGVyPSJkZXNjIiAvPjwvc29ydHM+PHBlcnNpc3RzPjxwZXJzaXN0IG5hbWU9InJhbmdldHlwZSIgdmFsdWU9InB1Ymxpc2hlZGRhdGUiIC8+PC9wZXJzaXN0cz48L3NlYXJjaD4=" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml" />
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    <language>en-us</language>
    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
    <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
    <image>
      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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      <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
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    <item>
      <title>Repetitive loading effects on granular soils: Implications for particle-scale behavior from at-rest coefficient of earth pressure and shear wave measurements</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2701538</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Geotechnical structures are often subjected to repetitive loading; however, the impact of such loading on lateral earth pressure remains inconclusive, with studies reporting conflicting findings. The growing demand for energy-related infrastructure further emphasizes the need to understand soil behavior under cyclic stress conditions. This study examines the evolution of void ratio, the at-rest lateral earth pressure coefficient K0, and shear wave velocity VS under repetitive loading. Sand specimens with relative densities Dr of 40%, 60%, and 80% were tested using a modified floating-ring apparatus. Each specimen was subjected to up to 100 loading cycles (N = 100) at stress amplitude ratios Δσ/σv|N=0 of 0.24, 0.47, 0.94, and 1.41. The horizontal stress and VS were continuously measured to evaluate the microscale particle interactions, such as interlocking and shear-induced dilation, on the soil behavior evolution. The results reveal that these interactions decouple the evolution of K0 and VS during repetitive loading, where VS increases as soil densifies, whereas K0 exhibits five distinct patterns including monotonic decrement that is typically observed under static loading. These discrepancies become more pronounced at higher Dr and larger Δσ/σv|N=0. This study proposes that the VS measured under static loading after cyclic exposure is not merely a small-strain stiffness index, but a history-sensitive parameter that captures the cumulative deformation and microscale fabric evolution induced by repetitive loading.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 28 Aug 2026 08:34:58 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2701538</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Physics-informed neural networks with dimensionless governing equations for bridge damping ratio identification</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2694228</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Accurate identification of the bridge damping ratio from sparse vibration data can enhance the applicability and efficiency of bridge health monitoring. Therefore, a physics-informed neural network (PINN) with a dimensionless governing equation is proposed to identify the bridge damping ratio. Firstly, the physical residual imbalance is resolved by dimensionless treatment of the PINN governing equation. Secondly, numerical simulations are conducted to investigate the effects of bridge parameters, noise levels, and random missing data on the accuracy of damping ratio identification. Finally, a bridge field test is implemented to verify the engineering applicability of the proposed method. The results demonstrate that the proposed method enables accurate identification of the bridge’s first-mode damping ratio from limited acceleration data: a 1-s record with white-noise level ≥ 5 dB and a random missing-data rate ≤ 30%.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 28 Jul 2026 08:40:34 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2694228</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Non-Isothermal Mechanical Response of Clayey Sands</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2636640</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The mechanical characteristics of clayey sands are crucial for evaluating behaviors pertinent to temperature-related geotechnical engineering. The undrained triaxial shear response of clayey sands, characterized by a constant skeleton void ratio, is experimentally investigated under varying fines contents, temperatures, and initial mean effective stresses. The effects of fines content and temperature on heating induced volumetric strain, peak deviatoric stress, peak excess pore pressure, stress ratio at the undrained instability state, and collapsibility index are comprehensively investigated. Furthermore, a unified critical state line is proposed in the equivalent intergranular void ratio versus mean effective stress plane for clean sands, sand-slit mixtures, and sand-clay mixtures, irrespective of temperature. Additionally, the equivalent intergranular state parameter can be utilized to predict the mechanical responses of binary mixtures under both undrained instability state and critical state. It is valuable to use the equivalent skeleton void ratio to assess the stability in thermally influenced geotechnical engineering involving binary mixtures, particularly sand-dominated mixtures.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 05 Feb 2026 09:16:42 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2636640</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Rapid detection of rockfill roadbed compaction based on digital image processing with artificial neural networks</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2643681</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Compaction serves as a fundamental criterion for evaluating the structural integrity and performance of rockfill roadbeds. To facilitate an efficient and non-invasive assessment of compaction, this paper introduces a rapid, non-destructive, and image-based methodology. The proposed approach capitalizes on the strong correlation between the void ratio derived from surface imagery and the three-dimensional void content of coarse aggregates (VCA). Initially, greyscale image analysis was utilized to extract salient image features pertinent to compaction. Subsequently, a fully connected neural network (FCNN) was deployed to encode both image-based and construction-related features into vectors of uniform dimensionality. Ultimately, a refined convolutional neural network (CNN) was leveraged to model the intricate relationship between the extracted feature vectors and compaction levels. To empirically validate the efficacy and robustness of the proposed framework, controlled laboratory experiments were conducted on 173 samples, culminating in a remarkable accuracy of 96.89%. The experimental findings substantiate the effectiveness of this approach and underscore the critical role of its underlying principles in advancing image-based compaction assessment for rockfill roadbeds.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 29 Jan 2026 17:02:25 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2643681</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Effect of the geometrical and physical nature of filler on the rheological properties of mastics</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2643661</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This study investigates properties of mastics produced with 70/100 neat bitumen, three mineral fillers (granite, quartz-granite, and diorite), and a lime-based active filler at filler-to-bitumen (F/B) ratios of 40%, 50%, and 60%. The physical, geometrical, and mineralogical properties of the fillers were assessed. Their influence on mastics' behaviour was evaluated using conventional penetration and softening point tests, as well as frequency sweep tests at different temperatures with a dynamic shear rheometer (DSR). Although mineral components are not strongly correlated with mastic behaviour, differences in particle size distribution and rigid void (RV) properties explain the varying stiffening effects. Granite, with finer particles, had the least rut resistance, while diorite, with coarser particles, had the greatest resistance at F/B values of 40% and 60%. Quartz-granite exhibited the highest F/B ratio dependency and strongest interaction with bitumen at 50% F/B at lower temperatures, highlighting the importance of selecting the appropriate filler proportion over the filler type when the features are similar. The study underscores necessity of using DSR to assess mastics with diverse fillers across various conditions. Therefore, two equations to estimate the complex modulus |G*| from standardised softening point test and RV normalised with F/B ratio are proposed, which require further research.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 29 Jan 2026 17:02:24 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2643661</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Experimental study on grouting repair for voids beneath secondary slabs in cement concrete pavement</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2643617</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The presence of voids beneath the surface course is a primary failure mode that significantly impacts the service life of roads, making grouting treatment an effective method for addressing this issue and reducing maintenance costs. However, due to the repetitive loading from vehicles and the scouring effects of hydrodynamic forces, secondary damage occurs in the cement concrete pavement slabs (CCPS). Two types of grouting materials were developed and tested in the laboratory. Concurrently, a solid model was established, with the grouting and weakening areas predetermined. By varying the thickness of the surface course, the thickness of the base course, the weakening thickness, and the weakening radius, the influence of these four factors on the CCPS was analyzed. Based on the research findings, the organic grouting material demonstrates superior resistance to hydrodynamic scouring compared to the inorganic grouting material. However, the inorganic grouting material is recommended for areas where traffic control needs to be implemented quickly. In a freeze–thaw cycle environment, the organic grouting material exhibits a lower strength loss rate and better stability. Additionally, controlling the thickness of the surface course is an effective measure to mitigate the adverse effects of secondary voiding in CCPS.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 15 Jan 2026 14:31:04 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2643617</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Meso-structural characterization of asphalt mixture via RAN-UNet segmentation and 3D reconstruction: Insights into FAM void evolution</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2607735</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The Fine Aggregate Matrix (FAM) plays an important role in asphalt mixture performance, but its void characteristics remain poorly understood. In this study, Computed Tomography (CT) scanning was employed to acquire the meso-structure of asphalt mixtures under various compaction states. Deep learning and threshold segmentation methods were integrated to achieve multiphase component segmentation of CT images. Furthermore, a method for extracting FAM and its internal voids was established, based on 3D reconstruction and edge detection algorithms. The influence of different Nominal Maximum Aggregate Sizes (NMAS) on the void structure of FAM was explored, and the evolution of FAM voids during compaction was quantitatively analyzed. The results indicated a positive correlation between FAM void ratio and NMAS, with a critical threshold at 1.18 mm beyond which void size distribution diverges significantly, AC-13 follows an exponential distribution (R²>0.98), while SMA-13 and OGFC-13 exhibit Weibull behavior (R²>0.99). The FAM void ratio increases with further compaction, linear regression analysis revealed that the compaction sensitivity of FAM voids was highest in AC-13, followed by SMA-13, and lowest in OGFC-13. Defect voids stabilize in AC-13 and SMA-13 at 96 % compaction degree, whereas OGFC-13 exhibits progressive defect void growth during compaction. This study provides valuable insights for FAM specimen design and asphalt mixture meso-structural evolution research.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 24 Nov 2025 10:23:28 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2607735</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>A level-set method-based framework for modeling abrasion of railway ballast</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2573262</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Particle abrasion is a critical phenomenon in the study of granular materials, as it leads to a progressive decrease in the mechanical strength of the granular aggregates. In this study, the authors present a novel computational framework based on Firey’s law for predicting the abrasion-induced shape evolution of railway ballast. This approach provides a more efficient alternative to laboratory experiments for generating abraded particle shapes for use in numerical simulations. Using 3D scans of fresh ballast particles, the authors simulate their abrasion process at various levels of mass loss and statistically analyze the resulting shape changes. The authors then adopt the level-set discrete element method (LS-DEM) to investigate their mechanical response under triaxial compression. Macroscopically, both the stress ratio and void ratio decrease with increasing abrasion level, which can be attributed to abrasion-induced corner rounding and surface smoothing. Microscopically, the decrease in stress ratio is associated with the loss of highly stable contact subnetworks characterized by larger contact deviation angles, and the weakening of contact network anisotropy. Meanwhile, the decrease in void ratio is attributable to the transition of ballast particles toward more ellipsoid-like shapes, which promotes denser packings.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 08 Sep 2025 14:54:04 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2573262</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Investigating the effects of rejuvenating agents by means of reclaimed asphalt model system</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2556853</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This experimental study investigated the effectiveness of different types of rejuvenating agents used in reclaimed asphalt pavements by means of a novel methodological approach. Such approach is based on mechanical testing of Reclaimed Asphalt Model Systems (RAMS), constituted by single-size reclaimed asphalt compacted to a high value of voids in mineral aggregates. The rationale behind the methodology is that the mechanical response of RAMS is mainly dependent upon the bonding of binder phase, thus allowing the direct assessment of the effect of rejuvenators on aged binder. The experimental program included the determination of dynamic modulus, fatigue properties and indirect tensile strength of the systems. The sensitivity to aging of considered rejuvenating products was also investigated. Although the results do not allow definitive conclusions to be drawn on RAMS, they confirm that the use of proposed approach has good potentialities for the assessment and ranking of rejuvenating agents.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 26 Jun 2025 11:42:14 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2556853</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Analysing the Financial Ratios of the Companies in the Maritime Industry with Multivariate Statistical Techniques</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2563722</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This study aims to glance at the shipping sector in terms of financial ratios. To this end, 23 financial ratios were collected from each of the 223 companies worldwide and examined by factor analysis. Seven factors were spotted explaining 85% of the total variance. Subsequently, multidimensional scaling was conducted to analyse the sector on these seven factors. The findings demonstrate profitability ratios as the biggest source of variability and as the reason for the differences among companies. The findings also show that the profitability ratios can be used for monitoring, early warning or decision making purposes for the shipping sector.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 13 Jun 2025 17:08:55 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2563722</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Soft Computing Techniques for Assessing Collapse Potential and Void Ratio in the Gangetic Alluvial Sand Containing Lumps</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2516444</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The primary goal of this research is to develop soft computing techniques for forecasting the initial void ratio and collapse potential of alluvial sand containing various percentages of soil lumps. The collapse potential and initial void ratio were predicted using established supervised machine learning tools such as artificial neural network (ANN), support vector machine (SVM), particle swarm optimization (PSO), and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS). Over 5000 data points were collected from sixty double-consolidation tests performed on different percentages of alluvial lump-sand mixture. The data were utilized in soft computing techniques. Basic soil parameters such as coefficient of uniformity, coefficient of curvature, initial dry density, and the difference between sand and clay percentages, along with various consolidation parameters like volume of compressibility, pressure during the oedometer test, and settlement due to every consolidation pressure change were employed in the prediction process. The formulated models were statistically analyzed to predict the performance. Simulation results highlight the dominance of the ANN Model for predicting the collapse potential and initial void ratio compared to other soft computing techniques. The best-performing ANN Model was further validated using laboratory test results performed on undisturbed soil samples, ensuring its applicability through real-world validation. The predictions aligned closely with the experimental results.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 27 May 2025 09:33:56 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2516444</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Mapping the intersection of liquidity and profitability in Indian automobile industry: a panel data approach</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2511219</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The nation's thriving automobile industry is propelling the Indian economy forward. The industry has grown to become one of the most significant in India as well as the world, with millions of people employed and trillions of dollars generated in revenue. This study aims to investigate the impact of liquidity on the profitability of selected automobile companies in India. The statistics from April 2010 to March 2022 were examined employing panel data analysis. The top 10 Bombay Stock Exchange-listed auto manufacturing companies are picked as a sample based on market capitalisation in the financial year 2021-2022. The outcomes reported that the impact of liquidity on profitability in the automotive industry was insignificant during the study period. In all six models, dependent variables were not relevantly affected by explanatory variables, revealing that the explanatory variable was negatively associated with the dependent variables except earnings per share, and quick ratio was inversely associated with the dependent variable except gross profit and net profit ratio.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 19 Mar 2025 10:12:09 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2511219</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Effect of void ratio and rubber particles on the noise reduction mechanism and comprehensive performance of porous elastic road surface</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2487669</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Porous Elastic Road Surface (PERS) is recognised as a pavement with excellent noise reduction ability. However, the mechanisms and field test evaluations of noise reduction for PERS have been not sufficiently explored. This study aims to investigate the effect of void ratio and rubber particle content on the noise reduction of PERS. PERS mixtures were prepared with varying void ratios and rubber particle contents, and subsequently tested by acoustic performance tests. The results reveal a decrease in sound pressure level, noise energy and dynamic modulus with increasing void ratio or rubber particle content. Conversely, the sound absorption coefficient presents an inverse relationship. The presence of interconnected voids significantly influences the noise reduction ability of PERS. However, excessive rubber particles can lead to decreased sound absorption coefficient. Furthermore, an optimised composition of PERS balancing road performance and noise reduction is identified. It is concluded that a PERS mixture featured with 25% void ratio, 4.5% polyurethane content and 20% rubber particle content exhibits good road performance and noise reduction ability. Notably, field tests indicate the sound pressure level reduce 9.1 dB(A) compared with traditional asphalt pavement. It is expected this study can provide insights for the development and implementation of PERS.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sat, 15 Feb 2025 17:02:44 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2487669</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Multidisciplinary optimization methodology for truss-braced wing aircraft using high-fidelity structure sizing</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2483268</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In this research, a method is developed to optimize the truss-braced wing aircraft configuration in a multidisciplinary design framework. Physics-based high-fidelity methods, that can capture the nature of the configuration changes, are employed for the disciplines where the existing classical methods are not reliable. High-fidelity geometry modeling, structure loading, structure optimization, and aeroelastic sizing methods are integrated into the aircraft multidisciplinary design and optimization. The developed algorithm is applied for the multi-objective optimization of a regional jet aircraft to minimize the cost and weight. The results demonstrate that the cost-optimum solution converges to a higher aspect ratio wing equipped with a higher bypass ratio engine, and a 7.94% reduction in the direct operating cost can be achieved. On the other hand, the weight-optimum wing planform tends to a slightly lower aspect ratio wing with a lower bypass ratio engine, while a 6.18% reduction in take-off weight is achieved. In addition to that, the findings of this study highlight the considerable effect that the engine technology has on the optimum layout, which suggests that the engine technology and its performance should also be a part of the design optimization process. The developed modular framework offers further optimization potential for the truss-braced wing aircraft, as more detailed models can be integrated.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 29 Jan 2025 17:00:15 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2483268</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>The SMAC, Under Pressure Oil Aeration Measurement System in Running Engines</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1787771</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Gas entrainment in engine oil circuit generates many problems. This is especially true for hydraulic tappets. A new oil gas content measurement apparatus, the SMAC, has been developed by IFP and D2T. It is able to measure the volumetric gas to oil ratio at any point of the engine oil circuit while running, without influencing the pressure or temperature of the oil. Some engine tests have been conducted with PSA. First results show that a steady gas content is achieved only slowly. Gas content is very sensitive to engine speed and oil temperature (i.e., running point effect). Gas content is very different from one location to another in the oil circuit (i.e. architecture effect). Oil formulation also influences gas content (i.e., oil effect) and the SMAC method does not rank the oils in the same way as the ASTM methods.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 20 May 2024 14:02:21 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1787771</guid>
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