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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
    <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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      <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
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    <item>
      <title>Transport agency decarbonisation: user guide for the decarbonisation decision-making multi-criteria analysis tool</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2475163</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This user guide and the Decarbonisation Decision-Making Multi-Criteria Analysis Tool are designed to help transport agencies to strategically assess emission reduction interventions, guiding them to prioritise the most impactful, cost-effective, and technologically viable options. This approach ensures that agency resources are allocated to actions most conducive to achieving carbon reduction goals. The tool and user guide have been developed predominately for state transport agencies; however, the general process or elements would also be useful for local governments seeking to assess and prioritise emission reduction interventions for the road networks that they deliver and operate.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 10 Dec 2024 10:07:16 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2475163</guid>
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      <title>Health cost of land transport noise exposure in New Zealand</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2452438</link>
      <description><![CDATA[We know from existing research that road and rail noise is linked to negative effects on our health. Between 2020 and 2022, researchers of this study investigated this link to estimate just how much it costs the New Zealand economy. After uncovering credible evidence, researchers studied the cost of three health effects associated with exposure to road and rail noise: annoyance, sleep disturbance, and ischaemic heart disease. Researchers estimate that about $654 million is spent each year on these health effects resulting from road and rail noise. Road noise contributes to most of this cost at about $502 million a year. This complex study required researchers to model the noise from New Zealand’s road and rail networks, and work out the size of the population affected by this noise. They then developed a model to estimate the health cost of transport noise related to each of the three health effects. Researchers tested the cost model to determine the potential range of the estimated costs. Findings from this study make it easy to identify which parts of New Zealand are most affected by road and rail noise. The findings will also help stakeholders understand how people might be affected by a projected increase or decrease in exposure to transport noise.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 11 Nov 2024 14:17:44 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2452438</guid>
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      <title>Examining the relationship between road service quality and road traffic accidents: a case study on an expressway in Malaysia</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2446889</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Malaysia's economic prosperity is overshadowed by a concerning rate of 19 daily road fatalities. This study aimed to investigate road users' perceptions of road service quality (RSQ) and its association with road traffic accidents (RTAs) on an expressway in Malaysia. A questionnaire-based approach collected data from respondents comprising bikers, motorists, bus operators, and truck drivers. Descriptive analysis indicated that, except for motorcyclists, most road user groups rated the overall RSQ of the expressway as poor. Statistical analysis revealed significant variations in perceptions of road surface among road user categories. Pearson correlation analysis demonstrated strong positive relationships between road surface, road drainage, road maintenance, and RTAs. No significant relationships were found between road furniture, rest areas, and RTAs. Multiple regression analysis revealed that road maintenance, road surface, and road drainage accounted for 7.6% of the variance in RTAs, highlighting their importance as predictors. The Relative Importance Index analysis identified ten influential factors on RTAs, including permanent wave, poor workmanship, water pounding, road settlement, repeated construction, invisible road markings, insufficient traffic signs, potholes and bumps, insufficient street lighting, and oily road surfaces. These findings provide policymakers with valuable insights to enhance road safety regulations and develop effective strategies for improving RSQ and reducing RTAs.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 29 Oct 2024 15:28:16 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2446889</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Hur påverkas bilresande och bilinnehav av bättre kollektivtrafik, järnväg och väginvesteringar i stad och land?</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2440132</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This project aims to answer three questions: whether i) improved public transport reduces car use and car ownership ii) investments in roads increase car use and car ownership iii) increased urbanization, density, reduces car use and car ownership. We will regress temporal changes in car use (or car ownership) on temporal changes in public transport supply (including train) and temporal changes in road infrastructure.We reduce the methodological problems in the previous literature by applying micro panel register data covering all individuals in the Mälardalen region (a third of the Swedish population) 1997-2017, providing a large data set free from sample selection, covering dense and rural areas. This implies that endogeneity problems and spurious correlation, present in most earlier studies, are substantially reduced because we can control for population changes and self-selection (spatial sorting). The data provided by SCB is a register database covering all adult citizens. It includes income and other socio-economic variables, coordinates for households’ and jobs’ locations, car ownership and yearly car travel distance from car inspections.  It does not include any measure of road accessibility or public transport supply. We build such data, based on a detailed representation of the transport system at three points in time, 1997, 2006 and 2017, measuring travel times by all modes using the Trafikverkets’ transport model from these years. ]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 10 Oct 2024 14:38:32 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2440132</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Uppkopplade vägytemätningar</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2440068</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The overall purpose of the project is to achieve more efficient and sustainable road maintenance by utilizing the opportunities that society's digital transformation offers. By using data on road permits that are collected via connected vehicles, the Swedish Transport Administration will be able to capture rapid permit changes on the road network. The information will form an important basis for analysis for planning and implementation of road maintenance. The goal is that through a so-called innovation partnerships develop, demonstrate, test and evaluate and procure one or more technical solutions for road surface measurements using data from connected vehicles. Another goal of the project is to create the necessary conditions required for the implementation of the technical solutions, such as adaptation of business model, working methods, IT tools, work support, training, etc.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 10 Oct 2024 14:37:58 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2440068</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Star-rating using iRAP: demonstrator case study, BIL-Mandalika Road, West Nusa Tenggara</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2431498</link>
      <description><![CDATA[While being used worldwide and introduced for long time in Indonesia, the star-rating method is not commonly recognized among Indonesian road administrators. According to a presidential decree (No.1, 2022), the goal of Pillar 2 Safer Road is for all new roads to achieve a 3-star rating or above by 2030. This paper aims to provide an overview of the use of simple tools to carry out road safety star-rating based on the iRAP protocol. The Star Rating Demonstrator was used to showcase the star rating of the BIL-Mandalika road. The road segment data were sourced from Google Maps and Google Street View. Results show that the 17.5 km road section has an average score of 4 stars. This paper shows that star rating assessment for short road sections can be conducted using simple and inexpensive tools.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 17 Sep 2024 14:48:54 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2431498</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Modelling the macroscopic effects of road pavement conditions on traffic safety</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2431415</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This research investigated the effects of road pavement conditions on traffic safety at a macroscopic level, using Victoria as a case study. Negative binomial (NB) regression was used to model the effects of the international roughness index (IRI) and rutting on crash frequency in Statistical Area Level 2 (SA2) zones in Victoria. Results illustrated, for the first time, the macroscopic effects of pavement conditions on traffic crashes. Specifically, zones with a higher proportion of freeways and arterials with very poor roughness or rutting tend to be associated with more total crashes, fatal and serious injury (FSI) crashes and fatal only crashes.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 17 Sep 2024 14:47:26 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2431415</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Informing road safety policy with near-miss detection technology</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2431411</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Transport for New South Wales (TfNSW) has set an aspirational target of zero fatalities and serious injuries on its roads by 2056, known as the Towards Zero strategy. Achieving this goal means that it must be proactive in its approach to road safety. Analysing ‘near-misses’ before they become serious crashes is a proactive method that can help to predict crash risk. A better understanding of the factors surrounding these types of incidents would help practitioners  proactively design appropriate site-specific road safety treatments. Real Time Traffic with its partner Lab3 was commissioned by TfNSW to provision and trial a deployable computer vision and artificial intelligence technology to detect and report near misses and crashes weekly. Over four weeks, 217 near misses were detected at two locations making this trial a significant success. TfNSW is now working to deploy this state-wide.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 17 Sep 2024 14:47:22 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2431411</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Doing things differently: road transport safe system champions of Aotearoa</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2431408</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In New Zealand, 377 people were killed (Ministry of Transport, n.d. a) and 2469 seriously injured in road crashes in 2022 (CAS, 2023) approximately 64% of those are on local roads (CAS, 2023). In 2019, as part of the Road to Zero Speed and Infrastructure Programme, the role of an Area Programme Manager (APM) was created. Their job brings new ways of thinking to delivering road safety outputs and outcomes. This team is committed to superseding established road safety funding silos that have traditionally led investment conversations. By fully embedding safe-system-thinking, it removes personal blame and shifts the dial to the management of kinetic energy in crashes when a mistake happens. APMs lead the process for codesigning speed and infrastructure programmes with Local Authorities, putting road user safety at the heart of the conversation and using evidence to transcend political complexity. Three years on, with system changes now embedded, the results speak for themselves – but there's much more to do.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 17 Sep 2024 14:47:17 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2431408</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Use of back-casting as a framework for NSW strategy development</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2431407</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In April 2022 the NSW Government released the 2026 Road Safety Action Plan (the Plan) to set out priority road safety actions for delivery across five years from 2022 to 2026. The Plan was developed through extensive community and stakeholder consultation, trauma analysis, best practice approaches and research evidence. The Plan is underpinned by in-depth road trauma modelling, applying validated methods used in other best-performing countries, to estimate NSW trauma levels in the future. As a key input for road safety strategy development, back-casting was used to set a long-term vision for the transport system to achieve zero fatalities and serious injuries by 2050, to then work backwards to identify what the system needs to look like in 2030, and the changes and efforts needed to get there. This report outlines the general methodology as well as the learnings and key findings from the process in NSW.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 17 Sep 2024 14:47:17 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2431407</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>How do you deliver a Programme with Scale and Pace</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2431372</link>
      <description><![CDATA[We have a vision of an Aotearoa where no one is killed or seriously injured in our transport system. Road to Zero (RtZ), is New Zealand’s road safety strategy, that sets us on a path to achieve this vision. The strategy sets out five critical focus areas, which need to be delivered at scale and pace if NZ are to achieve the levels of harm elimination which are sought. The Speed and Infrastructure Programme (SIP) forms part of one critical focus area (out of five) and has an ambitious scale. Some of the programme’s early infrastructure targets are lagging, in part due to underestimating the realistic pace of retrofitting safety interventions on existing transport corridors. This paper summarises the repercussions of delay and key responses that are underway to accelerate delivery and lift performance. While these are specific to this programme’s practical challenges, they are transferable insights.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 17 Sep 2024 14:46:41 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2431372</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Developing a road safety ratings tool for Local Governments</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2431370</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Over recent decades, diverse tools have been developed to support rating the safety of roads using different approaches. However, very few Local Governments in Western Australia use safety rating tools for their road networks. With funding from the Commonwealth Office of Road Safety, WALGA proposed to either adapt or develop a safety ratings tool specific to the Local Government sector. The project involved a literature review of existing tools, consultation with stakeholders, and pilot project and ultimately resulted in the adaptation of the International Road Assessment Program’s Star Rating methodology (iRAP, 2014), using a checklist and cross-section-based approach. WALGA developed both a paper-based and electronic tool. This tool will support Local Governments in Western Australia to be proactive in addressing safety on their networks, prioritize their works programs to address roads with significant safety deficiencies, provide a benchmark for safety, and generate clear and concise information on road safety to decision-makers.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 17 Sep 2024 14:46:39 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2431370</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Survey of cyclist travel and crash experiences in the Australian Capital Territory</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2417176</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Cycling is a popular means of transportation with immense benefits to both individuals (e.g., health) and society (e.g., environmental). The proportion of the population who cycle increased in all states and territories of Australia between 2001 and 2010, with the Australian Capital Territory (ACT) having the highest proportion of cyclists. However, safety issues such as less than optimal infrastructure, near-misses, collisions with vehicles, and severe injury outcomes, could be holding back further increases in participation. This project investigated the daily travel and safety of cyclists in the ACT. Three hundred and twenty-one cyclists completed a survey about their travel, crashes, injuries, and perceived safety on the ACT road network. Participants were a broad cross-section of cyclists in age, gender, and home residence across the ACT. They regularly rode (81% rode 2 to 3 days per week or more) resulting in high average distances (average of 82 kilometres per week). Almost two-thirds (60%) identified as confident riders. Overall, 80% thought that Canberra is a safe place to ride. However, there were safety issues that they encountered on the ACT road system. They did not feel comfortable riding on many common road situations in the ACT, they reported a large number (272 locations) of infrastructure issues with the road network that affect cyclists, half (53%) had been involved in a crash, and two-thirds (68%) had experienced a near miss. These are likely to be substantial cycling barriers to less experienced cyclists, as well as individuals considering taking up cycling. Cycling-focussed infrastructure and facilities should be provided to encourage cycling and improve safety. It is hoped that the perspectives of the cyclists surveyed for this project can contribute to creating a safer environment for cyclists in the ACT.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 12 Aug 2024 16:58:29 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2417176</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Guide to road safety part 2: safe roads</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2417165</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The Austroads Guide to Road Safety (AGRS) has been developed to provide an overview of road safety and road safety practices in Australia and New Zealand. Guide to Road Safety: Safe Roads (this Guide) is designed to provide all levels of government in jurisdictions across Australia and New Zealand with information on the role infrastructure plays in the Safe System and guidance on the selection and implementation of infrastructure treatments to reduce road trauma and deliver a zero-harm future. These guidelines cover network risk assessment techniques and present a suite of infrastructure interventions (proven and emerging) that can be implemented to address the key road safety issues on our road networks: high-speed lane departures, intersections, and vulnerable road users. Interventions are categorised using a treatment hierarchy approach aligned with Safe System principles. This Guide contains practical, hands-on advice to help practitioners identify, prioritise, and deliver infrastructure interventions that are aligned with Safe System principles and the contemporary Zero Planning approach to road safety. This Guide should be read in conjunction with all other parts of the AGRS.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 12 Aug 2024 16:58:18 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2417165</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Understanding infrastructure vulnerability due to climate change</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2404170</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Extreme climatic and weather events can damage and disrupt the operation of road infrastructure with unacceptable associated social, environmental and economic consequences. The Western Australian state-controlled road network comprises more than 18,500 km of major roads and significant structures, many of which are increasingly vulnerable to climate hazards. An understanding of the expected impacts of future climate change by road asset planners, designers and managers could engender considerable long-term cost savings through improved adaptive preparation. The Western Australian Road Research and Innovation Program (WARRIP; a research initiative of the Australian Road Research Board and Main Roads Western Australia) delivered a project that identified best practice for assessing network and asset vulnerability and any gaps in current Main Roads Western Australia’s practices, tools and guidance to address increasingly vulnerable transport networks. The project provided recommendations for the development of a network vulnerability assessment for Main Roads Western Australia (Main Roads) and piloted such an approach. This paper outlines the key processes and findings of this research project and sets the foundation for future research.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 18 Jul 2024 10:48:52 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2404170</guid>
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